1
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Yagci BB, Donmez SE, Şahin O, Türkmen YE. Catalytic aza-Nazarov cyclization reactions to access α-methylene-γ-lactam heterocycles. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:66-77. [PMID: 36741815 PMCID: PMC9874235 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed a catalytic aza-Nazarov reaction of N-acyliminium salts generated in situ from the reaction of a variety of cyclic and acyclic imines with α,β-unsaturated acyl chlorides to afford substituted α-methylene-γ-lactam heterocycles. The reactions proceed effectively in the presence of catalytic (20 mol %) amounts of AgOTf as an anion exchange agent or hydrogen-bond donors such as squaramides and thioureas as anion-binding organocatalysts. The aza-Nazarov cyclization of 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines with α,β-unsaturated acyl chlorides gives tricyclic lactam products 7 in up to 79% yield with full diastereocontrol (dr = >99:1). The use of acyclic imines in a similar catalytic aza-Nazarov reaction with 20 mol % of AgOTf results in the formation of α-methylene-γ-lactam heterocycles 19 in up to 76% yield and with good to high diastereoselectivities (4.3:1 to 16:1). We have demonstrated the scalability of the reaction with a gram-scale example. The relative stereochemistry of the α-methylene-γ-lactam products 19 has been determined via the single-crystal X-ray analysis of lactam 19l. In order to shed light on the details of the reaction mechanism, we have performed carefully designed mechanistic studies which consist of experiments on the effect of β-silicon stabilization, the alkene geometry of the α,β-unsaturated acyl chloride reactants, and adventitious water on the success of the catalytic aza-Nazarov reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Banu Yagci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Selin Ezgi Donmez
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Onur Şahin
- Department of Occupational Health & Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sinop University, Sinop 57000, Turkey
| | - Yunus Emre Türkmen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey,UNAM – National Nanotechnology Research Center, Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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2
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Thoenen M, Gettings M, Holt C, Frontier AJ, Caruana PA, Zeller M, Byrd EFC, Piercey DG. Approach to High-Nitrogen Materials with Dual-Use Properties via Tetraaza-Nazarov Cyclization. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:18095-18101. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Thoenen
- Department of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, 205 Gates Road, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
- Purdue Energetics Research Center, Purdue University, 205 Gates Road, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Matthew Gettings
- Department of Chemistry and Life Sciences, United States Military Academy, West Point, 606 Thayer Rd, West Point, New York 10996, United States
| | - Connor Holt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0216, United States
| | - Alison J. Frontier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0216, United States
| | - Patrick A. Caruana
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Edward F. C. Byrd
- Detonation Sciences & Modeling Branch, CCDC U. S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21005, United States
| | - Davin G. Piercey
- Department of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, 205 Gates Road, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
- Purdue Energetics Research Center, Purdue University, 205 Gates Road, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
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3
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Liang JY, Wang YJ, Zou Q, Zhang Y, Chen Z. Gold Catalyzed Oxidation of Vinyl Acetylenes into Vinyl & Divinyl Diketones and its Synthetic Application. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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4
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Mori-Quiroz LM, Comadoll CG, Super JE, Clift MD. Exploiting Iminoquinones as Electrophilic at Nitrogen "N+" Synthons for C-N Bond Construction. Org Lett 2021; 23:7008-7013. [PMID: 34477395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
New methods for C-N bond construction exploiting the N-centered electrophilic character of iminoquinones are reported. Iminoquinones, generated in situ via the condensation of o-vinylanilines with benzoquinones, undergo acid-catalyzed cyclization to afford N-arylindoles in excellent yields. Under similar reaction conditions, homoallylic amines react analogously to afford N-arylpyrroles. Additionally, organometallic nucleophiles are shown to add to the nitrogen atom of N-alkyliminoquinones to provide amine products. Finally, iminoquinones are shown to be competent electrophiles for copper-catalyzed hydroamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Mori-Quiroz
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 1140 Gray-Little Hall, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Chelsea G Comadoll
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 1140 Gray-Little Hall, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Jonathan E Super
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 1140 Gray-Little Hall, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Michael D Clift
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 1140 Gray-Little Hall, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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5
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Abstract
Titanium is an attractive metal for catalytic reaction development: it is earth-abundant, inexpensive, and generally nontoxic. However-like most early transition metals-catalytic redox reactions with Ti are difficult because of the stability of the high-valent TiIV state. Understanding the fundamental mechanisms behind Ti redox processes is key for making progress toward potential catalytic applications. This Account details recent progress in Ti-catalyzed (and -mediated) oxidative amination reactions that proceed through formally TiII/TiIV catalytic cycles.This class of reactions is built on our initial discovery of Ti-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 1] pyrrole synthesis from alkynes and azobenzene, where detailed mechanistic studies have revealed important factors that allow for catalytic turnover despite the inherent difficulty of Ti redox. Two important conclusions from mechanistic studies are that (1) low-valent Ti intermediates in catalysis can be stabilized through coordination of π-acceptor substrates or products, where they can act as "redox-noninnocent" ligands through metal-to-ligand π back-donation, and (2) reductive elimination processes with Ti proceed through π-type electrocyclic (or pericyclic) reaction mechanisms rather than direct σ-bond coupling.The key reactive species in Ti-catalyzed oxidative amination reactions are Ti imidos (Ti≡NR), which can be generated from either aryl diazenes (RN═NR) or organic azides (RN3). These Ti imidos can then undergo [2 + 2] cycloadditions with alkynes, resulting in intermediates that can be coupled to an array of other unsaturated functional groups, including alkynes, alkenes, nitriles, and nitrosos. This basic reactivity pattern has been extended into a broad range of catalytic and stoichiometric oxidative multicomponent coupling reactions of alkynes and other reactive small molecules, leading to multicomponent syntheses of various heterocycles and aminated building blocks.For example, catalytic oxidative coupling of Ti imidos with two different alkynes leads to pyrroles, while stoichiometric oxidative coupling with alkynes and nitriles leads to pyrazoles. These heterocycle syntheses often yield substitution patterns that are complementary to those of classical condensation routes and provide access to new electron-rich, highly substituted heteroaromatic scaffolds. Furthermore, catalytic oxidative alkyne carboamination reactions can be accomplished via reaction of Ti imidos with alkynes and alkenes, yielding α,β-unsaturated imine or cyclopropylimine building blocks. New catalytic and stoichiometric oxidative amination methods such as alkyne α-diimination, isocyanide imination, and ring-opening oxidative amination of strained alkenes are continuously emerging as a result of better mechanistic understanding of Ti redox catalysis.Ultimately, these Ti-catalyzed and -mediated oxidative amination methods demonstrate the importance of examining often-overlooked elements like the early transition metals through the lens of modern catalysis: rather than a lack of utility, these elements frequently have undiscovered potential for new transformations with orthogonal or complementary selectivity to their late transition metal counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A. Tonks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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6
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Aegurla B, Jarwal N, Peddinti RK. Denitrative imino-diaza-Nazarov cyclization: synthesis of pyrazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6100-6107. [PMID: 32785358 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01200a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An iodine-catalyzed denitrative imino-diaza-Nazarov cyclization (DIDAN) methodology has been developed for the synthesis of pyrazoles with high to excellent yields by using α-nitroacetophenone derivatives and in situ generated hydrazones. The key transformation of this oxidative 4π-electrocyclization proceeds through an enamine-iminium ion intermediate. This rapid one-pot DIDAN protocol results in the selective generation of C-C and C-N bonds and cleavage of a C-N bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balakrishna Aegurla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Nisha Jarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Rama Krishna Peddinti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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8
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Rasapalli S, Sammeta VR, Murphy ZF, Huang Y, Boerth JA, Golen JA, Savinov SN. Synthesis of C-Ring-Substituted Vasicinones and Luotonins via Regioselective Aza-Nazarov Cyclization of Quinazolinonyl Enones. Org Lett 2019; 21:9824-9828. [PMID: 31800251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A facile synthesis of C-ring substituted luotonins and vasicinones has been realized via a super-acid-mediated aza-Nazarov cyclization of quinazolinonyl enones. The regioselectivity of the cyclization is highly dependent on proton availability in the reaction medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivappa Rasapalli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Massachusetts Dartmouth , 285 Old Westport Rd. , North Dartmouth , Massachusetts 02747 , United States
| | - Vamshikrishna Reddy Sammeta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Massachusetts Dartmouth , 285 Old Westport Rd. , North Dartmouth , Massachusetts 02747 , United States
| | - Zachary F Murphy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Massachusetts Dartmouth , 285 Old Westport Rd. , North Dartmouth , Massachusetts 02747 , United States
| | - Yanchang Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Massachusetts Dartmouth , 285 Old Westport Rd. , North Dartmouth , Massachusetts 02747 , United States
| | - Jeffrey A Boerth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Massachusetts Dartmouth , 285 Old Westport Rd. , North Dartmouth , Massachusetts 02747 , United States
| | - James A Golen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Massachusetts Dartmouth , 285 Old Westport Rd. , North Dartmouth , Massachusetts 02747 , United States
| | - Sergey N Savinov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
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9
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Donmez SE, Soydaş E, Aydın G, Şahin O, Bozkaya U, Türkmen YE. Aza-Nazarov Cyclization Reactions via Anion Exchange Catalysis. Org Lett 2019; 21:554-558. [PMID: 30985150 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A catalytic aza-Nazarov cyclization between 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines and α,β-unsaturated acyl chlorides has been developed to access α-methylene-γ-lactam products in good yields (up to 79%) as single diastereomers. The reactions proceed efficiently when AgOTf is used as an anion exchange catalyst with a 20 mol % loading at 80 °C. Computational studies were performed to investigate the reaction mechanism, and the findings support the role of the -TMS group in reducing the reaction barrier of the key cyclization step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selin E Donmez
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Bilkent University , Ankara , 06800 , Turkey
| | - Emine Soydaş
- Department of Chemistry , Hacettepe University , Ankara , 06800 , Turkey
| | - Gökçen Aydın
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Bilkent University , Ankara , 06800 , Turkey
| | - Onur Şahin
- Sinop University , Scientific and Technological Research Application and Research Center , Sinop , 57000 , Turkey
| | - Uğur Bozkaya
- Department of Chemistry , Hacettepe University , Ankara , 06800 , Turkey
| | - Yunus E Türkmen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Bilkent University , Ankara , 06800 , Turkey.,UNAM - National Nanotechnology Research Center, Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology , Bilkent University , Ankara , 06800 , Turkey
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10
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Ji W, Liu YA, Liao X. Transition-Metal-Free Synthesis of N-Hydroxy Oxindoles by an Aza-Nazarov-Type Reaction Involving Azaoxyallyl Cations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 55:13286-13289. [PMID: 27709823 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel transition-metal-free method to construct N-hydroxy oxindoles by an aza-Nazarov-type reaction involving azaoxyallyl cation intermediates is described. A variety of functional groups were tolerated under the weak basic reaction conditions and at room temperature. A one-pot process was also developed to make the reaction even more practical. This method provides alternative access to oxindoles and their biologically active derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Yahu A Liu
- Medicinal Chemistry, Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Xuebin Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, China.
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11
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Zirak
- Department
of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran 19395-3697, Iran
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12
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Trofimov BA, Sagitova EF, Petrova OV, Sobenina LN, Ushakov IA, Vashchenko AV. Efficient switching from the 2,3′- to 2,2′-bipyrrole scaffold via the recyclization of 1-(benzoylmethylanilino)-3-imino-3 H -2-cyanopyrrolizines: Crucial effect of the DBU organic superbase. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Aegurla B, Peddinti RK. The diaza-Nazarov cyclization involving a 2,3-diaza-pentadienyl cation for the synthesis of polysubstituted pyrazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:9643-9652. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01949a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Functionally-rich pyrazoles in a cascade reaction from in situ generated hydrazones and acetophenones under aerobic conditions were synthesized through novel enamine–imino diaza-Nazarov 4π-electrocyclization which is supported by DFT calculations.
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14
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Ji W, Liu YA, Liao X. Transition-Metal-Free Synthesis of N
-Hydroxy Oxindoles by an Aza-Nazarov-Type Reaction Involving Azaoxyallyl Cations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201607177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Tsinghua University; China
| | - Yahu A. Liu
- Medicinal Chemistry; Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation; San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | - Xuebin Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Tsinghua University; China
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15
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Synthesis of functionalized 2,2′- and 2,3′-bipyrroles via 3-imino-3H-pyrrolizine-2-carbonitriles. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Pawar SK, Sahani RL, Liu RS. Diversity in Gold-Catalyzed Formal Cycloadditions of Ynamides with Azidoalkenes or 2H-Azirines: [3+2] versus [4+3] Cycloadditions. Chemistry 2015; 21:10843-50. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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17
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Men RZ, Li N, Ding WJ, Hu ZJ, Ma ZJ, Cheng L. Unprecedent aminophysalin from Physalis angulata. Steroids 2014; 88:60-5. [PMID: 24973634 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The 95% ethanol extract of the whole plant of Physalis angulata Linn. afforded one new skeletal physalin named aminophysalin A (1) and one new naturally occurring 5β-hydroxy-6a-chloro-5,6-dihydrophysalin B (2), together with five known physalins (3-7). Their structures were elucidated through MS, IR, NMR spectroscopy analyses and X-ray crystallography. Aminophysalin A (1) had an absolutely unusual structural feature in the chemistry of physalins with a nitrogen atom. Compounds 1-7 were evaluated for quinone reductase activities in hepa 1c1c7 cells. Physalin H (6) showed strong quinone reductase induction activity with IR (Induction ratio, QR induction activity) value of 3.74±0.02, using 4-bromoflavone as a positive control substance (2.17±0.01, 10 μg/mL), while compounds 1, 2, 3, 5 showed weak quinone reductase induction activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Zhi Men
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wan-Jing Ding
- Institute of Marine Biology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Zhi-Juan Hu
- Institute of Marine Biology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Zhong-Jun Ma
- Institute of Marine Biology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Lin Cheng
- Chinese Traditional Medicine Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No. 54 Youdian Road, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
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18
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You X, Xie X, Sun R, Chen H, Li S, Liu Y. Titanium-mediated cross-coupling reactions of 1,3-butadiynes with α-iminonitriles to 3-aminopyrroles: observation of an imino aza-Nazarov cyclization. Org Chem Front 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4qo00159a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ti(OiPr)4/2 nBuLi-mediated highly efficient cross-coupling reactions of 1,3-butadiynes with α-iminonitriles are described, which provide convenient access to functionalized 3-aminopyrroles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Renhong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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19
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Gońka E, Myśliwiec D, Lis T, Chmielewski PJ, Stępień M. Synthesis of Bis(phenanthropyrroles) via a Tandem Scholl Oxidation. J Org Chem 2013; 78:1260-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jo302486x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Gońka
- Wydział
Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul.
F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Damian Myśliwiec
- Wydział
Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul.
F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Wydział
Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul.
F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr J. Chmielewski
- Wydział
Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul.
F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział
Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul.
F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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20
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Mosley JD, Ricks AM, Schleyer PVR, Wu JI, Duncan MA. IR Spectroscopy of α- and β-Protonated Pyrrole via Argon Complex Photodissociation. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:9689-95. [DOI: 10.1021/jp307631n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. D. Mosley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556,
United States
| | - A. M. Ricks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556,
United States
| | - P. v. R. Schleyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556,
United States
| | - J. I. Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556,
United States
| | - M. A. Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556,
United States
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21
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Narayan R, Daniliuc CG, Würthwein EU. Preparation of NH-Pyrroles under Superelectrophilic Conditions by an Aza-Nazarov Reaction Cascade with Indole as Neutral Leaving Group: Experiment and Theory. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Narayan R, Fröhlich R, Würthwein EU. Synthesis of Pyrroles through a 4π-Electrocyclic Ring-Closure Reaction of 1-Azapentadienyl Cations. J Org Chem 2012; 77:1868-79. [DOI: 10.1021/jo202477h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rishikesh Narayan
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse
40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Graduate School of Chemistry, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10,
D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Roland Fröhlich
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse
40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ernst-Ulrich Würthwein
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse
40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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23
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Dateer RB, Pati K, Liu RS. Gold-catalyzed synthesis of substituted 2-aminofurans via formal [4+1]-cycloadditions on 3-en-1-ynamides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:7200-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc33030j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Xu X, Ratnikov MO, Zavalij PY, Doyle MP. Multifunctionalized 3-hydroxypyrroles in a three-step, one-pot cascade process from methyl 3-TBSO-2-diazo-3-butenoate and nitrones. Org Lett 2011; 13:6122-5. [PMID: 22032199 DOI: 10.1021/ol2026125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of N-aryl-2-carboxyl-3-hydroxy-5-arylpyrroles has been achieved in high yield by the combination of a TBSO-substituted vinyldiazoacetate and nitrones in a one-pot cascade process involving copper-catalyzed Mannich addition, dirhodium-catalyzed dinitrogen extrusion and N-OTBS insertion, and acid-promoted aromatization (elimination).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfang Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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25
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Ghavtadze N, Narayan R, Wibbeling B, Würthwein EU. 3-(Hetero)aryl-4-indolylamino-α-tetralones by diastereoselective internal redox cyclization: an "azaenamine" conjugate addition. J Org Chem 2011; 76:5185-97. [PMID: 21657793 DOI: 10.1021/jo200896y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
(E)-3-(hetero)aryl-1-(2-((E)-(indolin-1-ylimino)methyl)phenyl)prop-2-en-1-ones 1 undergo 6-exo-trig cyclization reactions upon treatment with BF(3)·Me(2)S in dichloromethane at low temperature to give the tetralones 10 in good yield. This cyclization process can be considered to be an intramolecular Michael-type addition which is accompanied by an internal redox reaction as the indoline fragment is oxidized to indole with simultaneous hydrogen shift to nitrogen atom N1 and the α-carbon atom of the Michael system. The reactions at the iminic centers take place via umpolung of the classical carbonyl reactivity. The reaction is diastereoselective and affords exclusively 3,4-disubstituted α-tetralones 10 as trans-diastereomers. According to quantum chemical calculations the reactions take place under kinetic control with the trans-diastereomer being the kinetically favored product as it has the lower activation barrier compared to the cis-diastereomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nugzar Ghavtadze
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Abstract
Benzamides with tethered acetal groups undergo reactions in CF(3)SO(3)H to give ring-fused isoindolinones by a cyclization cascade. The reaction initially forms an N-acyliminium ion which then gives the isoindolinone by the aza-Nazarov reaction. An unusual variant also cyclizes at the allylic position.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew J. O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, United States
| | - Douglas A. Klumpp
- Department of Chemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, United States
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27
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Abstract
A mild method for the diastereoselective formation of C(4), C(5)-disubstituted cyclopentenones has been developed, involving formation of a pentadienyl cation via diastereoselective oxidation of a vinyl alkoxyallene. Conrotatory electrocyclization provides the cyclopentenone product. The broad scope, mild conditions, and uncommon substitution pattern accessible through this transformation make it a useful addition to the existing repertoire of cyclopentenone synthetic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T. Spencer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, 14627
| | - Mark D. Levin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, 14627
| | - Alison J. Frontier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, 14627
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28
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Qi H, Li X, Xu J. Stereoselective control in the Staudinger reactions involving monosubstituted ketenes with electron acceptor substituents: experimental investigation and theoretical rationalization. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:2702-14. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00783h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Banks HD. Torquoselectivity Studies in the Generation of Azomethine Ylides from Substituted Aziridines. J Org Chem 2010; 75:2510-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo902600y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Harold D. Banks
- U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center APG, Maryland 21010-5424
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30
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Ghavtadze N, Fröhlich R, Würthwein EU. Indole as Neutral Leaving Group in Silver Nitrate Induced Cyclization Reactions ofN-{2-[Alkynyl(hetero)aryl]methylene}indolin-1-amines for the Synthesis of Annulated Pyridine Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200901471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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31
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Blangetti M, Deagostino A, Prandi C, Tabasso S, Venturello P. LIC-KOR-promoted synthesis of alkoxydienyl amines: an entry to 2,3,4,5-tetrasubstituted pyrroles. Org Lett 2009; 11:3914-7. [PMID: 19655734 DOI: 10.1021/ol9015018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A stereoselective approach to the synthesis of (E)-alkoxydienylamines (2) is described, starting from alpha,beta-unsaturated acetals (1) and aryl imines, under superbasic conditions. These can be readily converted into alpha-arylglycine derivatives (3) by mild acidic hydrolysis or, in turn, cyclized under oxidative conditions in the presence of a Pd catalyst to 2,3,4,5-tetrasubstituted pyrroles (4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Blangetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Generale e Chimica Organica, Universita di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
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32
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Ghavtadze N, Fröhlich R, Würthwein EU. Acid-Mediated Electrocyclic Domino Transformations of 5,5-Disubstituted 1-Amino-1-azapenta-1,4-dien-3-ones into Dihydrospiroindenepyrazole and Dihydroindenodiazepine Derivatives. J Org Chem 2009; 74:4584-91. [DOI: 10.1021/jo900270e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nugzar Ghavtadze
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Roland Fröhlich
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ernst-Ulrich Würthwein
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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33
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Canterbury DP, Herrick IR, Um J, Houk KN, Frontier AJ. A Torquoselective Extrusion of Isoxazoline N-Oxides. Application to the Synthesis of Aryl Vinyl and Divinyl Ketones for Nazarov Cyclization. Tetrahedron 2009; 65:3165-3179. [PMID: 20161228 PMCID: PMC2703503 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A mild, convenient reaction sequence for the synthesis of Nazarov cyclization substrates is described. The [3+2] dipolar cycloaddition of a nitrone and an electron-deficient alkyne gives an isolable isoxazoline intermediate, which upon oxidation undergoes stereoselective extrusion of nitrosomethane to give aryl vinyl or divinyl ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Canterbury
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, 14627
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34
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Ghavtadze N, Fröhlich R, Würthwein EU. Cyclization Reactions of 1-Amino-5-trifluoromethyl-5-thienyl-1-azapenta-1,4-dien-3-ones under Superelectrophilic Conditions: Synthesis of Novel Benzothiophenols, Cyclopentenols and Dihydrodiazepinols. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200801194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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35
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Liang Y, Jiao L, Zhang S, Yu ZX, Xu J. New Insights into the Torquoselectivity of the Staudinger Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:1542-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja808046e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lei Jiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shiwei Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Canterbury DP, Frontier AJ, Um JM, Cheong PHY, Goldfeld DA, Huhn RA, Houk KN. Origins of stereoselectivity in the oxido-alkylidenation of alkynes. Org Lett 2008; 10:4597-600. [PMID: 18798638 PMCID: PMC2662994 DOI: 10.1021/ol8019154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A mild, convenient oxido-alkylidenation of alkynes is described. The three-step sequence involves the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of a nitrone and an alkynoate, oxidation of the resulting isoxazoline, and stereoselective extrusion of nitrosomethane. Quantum mechanical calculations identified the interactions of R3 with the oxidant and the preferred conformation of a diradical intermediate as major factors controlling the stereoselectivity of the oxidation and torquoselectivity of the extrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Canterbury
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, 14627-0216
| | - Alison J. Frontier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, 14627-0216
| | - Joann M. Um
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569
| | - Paul H.-Y. Cheong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569
| | - Dahlia A. Goldfeld
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569
| | - Richard A. Huhn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569
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38
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Ghavtadze N, Fröhlich R, Würthwein EU. 2H-Pyrrole Derivatives from an Aza-Nazarov Reaction Cascade Involving Indole as the Neutral Leaving Group. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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