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Simić S, Zukić E, Schmermund L, Faber K, Winkler CK, Kroutil W. Shortening Synthetic Routes to Small Molecule Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Employing Biocatalytic Methods. Chem Rev 2021; 122:1052-1126. [PMID: 34846124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalysis, using enzymes for organic synthesis, has emerged as powerful tool for the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The first industrial biocatalytic processes launched in the first half of the last century exploited whole-cell microorganisms where the specific enzyme at work was not known. In the meantime, novel molecular biology methods, such as efficient gene sequencing and synthesis, triggered breakthroughs in directed evolution for the rapid development of process-stable enzymes with broad substrate scope and good selectivities tailored for specific substrates. To date, enzymes are employed to enable shorter, more efficient, and more sustainable alternative routes toward (established) small molecule APIs, and are additionally used to perform standard reactions in API synthesis more efficiently. Herein, large-scale synthetic routes containing biocatalytic key steps toward >130 APIs of approved drugs and drug candidates are compared with the corresponding chemical protocols (if available) regarding the steps, reaction conditions, and scale. The review is structured according to the functional group formed in the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Simić
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Erna Zukić
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Luca Schmermund
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kurt Faber
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph K Winkler
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria.,Field of Excellence BioHealth─University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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2
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Kiss L, Nonn M, Ouchakour L, Remete AM. Application of Oxidative Ring Opening/Ring Closing by Reductive Amination Protocol for the Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Functionalized Azaheterocycles. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1719850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe current Account gives an insight into the synthesis of some N-heterocyclic β-amino acid derivatives and various functionalized saturated azaheterocycles accessed from substituted cycloalkenes via ring C=C bond oxidative cleavage followed by ring closing across double reductive amination. The ring-cleavage protocol has been accomplished according to two common approaches: a) Os-catalyzed dihydroxylation/NaIO4 vicinal diol oxidation and b) ozonolysis. A comparative study on these methodologies has been investigated. Due to the everincreasing relevance of organofluorine chemistry in drug research as well as of the high biological potential of β-amino acid derivatives several illustrative examples to the access of various fluorine-containing piperidine or azepane β-amino acid derivatives are also presented in the current Account.1 Introduction2 Olefin-Bond Transformation by Oxidative Ring Cleavage3 Synthesis of Saturated Azaheterocycles via Oxidative Ring-Opening/Ring-Closing Double Reductive Amination3.1 Importance of Fluorine-Containing Azaheterocycles in Pharmaceutical Research3.2 Synthesis of Azaheterocyclic Amino Acid Derivatives with a Piperidine or Azepane Framework through Oxidative Ring Opening/Reductive Amination3.2.1 Synthesis of Piperidine β-Amino Esters3.2.2 Synthesis of Azepane β-Amino Esters3.2.3 Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Piperidine γ-Amino Esters3.3 Synthesis of Tetrahydroisoquinoline Derivatives through Oxidative Ring Opening/Reductive Amination Protocol3.4 Synthesis of Functionalized Benzazepines through Reductive Amination3.4.1 Synthesis of Benzo[c]azepines3.4.2 Synthesis of Benzo[d]azepines3.5 Synthesis of Various N-Heterocycles via Ozonolysis/Reductive Amination3.5.1 Synthesis of Compounds with an Azepane Ring3.5.2 Synthesis of Piperidine β-Amino Acids and Piperidine-Fused β-Lactams3.5.3 Synthesis of γ-Lactams with a Piperidine Ring3.5.4 Synthesis of other N-Heterocycles4 Summary and Outlook5 List of Abbreviations
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Affiliation(s)
- Loránd Kiss
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences
| | - Melinda Nonn
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged
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3
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Ortega‐Rojas MA, Castillo E, Razo‐Hernández RS, Pastor N, Juaristi E, Escalante J. Effect of the Substituent and Amino Group Position on the Lipase‐Catalyzed Resolution of γ‐Amino Esters: A Molecular Docking Study Shedding Light on
Candida antarctica
lipase B Enantioselectivity. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina A. Ortega‐Rojas
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas Centro de Investigaciones Químicas Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Av. Universidad No. 1001, Col. Chamilpa C.P. 62210 Cuernavaca Morelos México
| | - Edmundo Castillo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis Instituto de Biotecnología UNAM Apartado Postal 510–3 C.P. 62271 Cuernavaca Morelos México
| | - Rodrigo Said Razo‐Hernández
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Av. Universidad No. 1001, Col. Chamilpa C.P. 62210 Cuernavaca Morelos México
| | - Nina Pastor
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Av. Universidad No. 1001, Col. Chamilpa C.P. 62210 Cuernavaca Morelos México
| | - Eusebio Juaristi
- Departamento de Química Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508 07360 Ciudad de México México
- El Colegio Nacional Luis González Obregón 23, Centro Histórico 06020 Ciudad de México México
| | - Jaime Escalante
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas Centro de Investigaciones Químicas Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Av. Universidad No. 1001, Col. Chamilpa C.P. 62210 Cuernavaca Morelos México
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4
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Slagman S, Fessner WD. Biocatalytic routes to anti-viral agents and their synthetic intermediates. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:1968-2009. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00763c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An assessment of biocatalytic strategies for the synthesis of anti-viral agents, offering guidelines for the development of sustainable production methods for a future COVID-19 remedy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd Slagman
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - Wolf-Dieter Fessner
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
- Germany
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5
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Remete AM, Kiss L. Alicyclic β- and γ-Amino Acids: Useful Scaffolds for the Stereocontrolled Access to Amino Acid-Based Carbocyclic Nucleoside Analogs. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24010161. [PMID: 30609864 PMCID: PMC6337571 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Stereocontrolled synthesis of some amino acid-based carbocyclic nucleoside analogs containing ring C=C bond has been performed on β- and γ-lactam basis. Key steps were N-arylation of readily available β- or γ-lactam-derived amino ester isomers and amino alcohols with 5-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine; ring closure of the formed adduct with HC(OMe)3 and nucleophilic displacement of chlorine with various N-nucleophiles in the resulting 6-chloropurine moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Márió Remete
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Loránd Kiss
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
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6
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Hu HJ, Chen P, Ao YF, Wang QQ, Wang DX, Wang MX. Highly efficient biocatalytic desymmetrization of meso carbocyclic 1,3-dicarboxamides: a versatile route for enantiopure 1,3-disubstituted cyclohexanes and cyclopentanes. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00069k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly efficient biocatalytic desymmetrization of meso carbocyclic 1,3-dicarboxamides to enantiopure 1,3-disubstituted cyclohexanes and cyclopentanes was realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Juan Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Peng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Yu-Fei Ao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Qi-Qiang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - De-Xian Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Mei-Xiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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7
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Ouchakour L, Ábrahámi RA, Forró E, Haukka M, Fülöp F, Kiss L. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Piperidine γ-Amino Acid Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lamiaa Ouchakour
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged, Eötvös u. Hungary
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre; Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Renáta A. Ábrahámi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged, Eötvös u. Hungary
| | - Enikő Forró
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged, Eötvös u. Hungary
| | - Matti Haukka
- Department of Chemistry; Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Jyväskylä; Finland
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged, Eötvös u. Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Szeged, Eötvös u. 6 Hungary
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre; Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Loránd Kiss
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged, Eötvös u. Hungary
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre; Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
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8
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Dynamic kinetic resolution of Vince lactam catalyzed by γ-lactamases: a mini-review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 45:1017-1031. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-018-2093-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
γ-Lactamases are versatile enzymes used for enzymatic kinetic resolution of racemic Vince lactam (2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-3-one) in the industry. Optically pure enantiomers and their hydrolytic products are widely employed as key chemical intermediates for developing a wide range of carbocyclic nucleoside medicines, including US FDA-approved drugs peramivir and abacavir. Owing to the broad applications in the healthcare industry, the resolution process of Vince lactam has witnessed tremendous progress during the past decades. Some of the most important advances are the enzymatic strategies involving γ-lactamases. The strong industrial demand drives the progress in various strategies for discovering novel biocatalysts. In the past few years, several new scientific breakthroughs, including the genome-mining strategy and elucidation of several crystal structures, boosted the research on γ-lactamases. So far, several families of γ-lactamases for resolution of Vince lactam have been discovered, and their number is continuously increasing. The purpose of this mini-review is to describe the discovery strategy and classification of these intriguing enzymes and to cover our current knowledge on their potential biological functions. Moreover, structural properties are described in addition to their possible catalytic mechanisms. Additionally, recent advances in the newest approaches, such as immobilization to increase stability, and other engineering efforts are introduced.
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9
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10
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Ordóñez M, Cativiela C, Romero-Estudillo I. An update on the stereoselective synthesis of γ-amino acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Scope, limitations and classification of lactamases. J Biotechnol 2016; 235:11-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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12
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Galla Z, Forró E, Fülöp F. Enhanced enzymatic synthesis of the enantiopure intermediate for the blockbuster drug intermediate abacavir through a two-step enzymatic cascade reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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13
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Tsai SW. Enantiopreference of Candida antarctica lipase B toward carboxylic acids: Substrate models and enantioselectivity thereof. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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14
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Yin JG, Gong Y, Zhang XY, Zheng GW, Xu JH. Green access to chiral Vince lactam in a buffer-free aqueous system using a newly identified substrate-tolerant (−)-γ-lactamase. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy00786d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel (−)-γ-lactamase with high catalytic efficiency, strong substrate tolerance and environmental friendliness was identified for green access to chiral Vince lactam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Gang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- PR China
| | - Yi Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- PR China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- PR China
| | - Gao-Wei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- PR China
| | - Jian-He Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- PR China
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15
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Abdelli A, Efrit ML, Gaucher A, M’rabet H, Prim D. A convenient synthesis of phosphonomethyl α,β-unsaturated γ-lactams. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.07.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Le HV, Hawker DD, Wu R, Doud E, Widom J, Sanishvili R, Liu D, Kelleher NL, Silverman RB. Design and mechanism of tetrahydrothiophene-based γ-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase inactivators. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:4525-33. [PMID: 25781189 PMCID: PMC4390550 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b01155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Low levels of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), one of two major neurotransmitters that regulate brain neuronal activity, are associated with many neurological disorders, such as epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and cocaine addiction. One of the main methods to raise the GABA level in human brain is to use small molecules that cross the blood-brain barrier and inhibit the activity of γ-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase (GABA-AT), the enzyme that degrades GABA. We have designed a series of conformationally restricted tetrahydrothiophene-based GABA analogues with a properly positioned leaving group that could facilitate a ring-opening mechanism, leading to inactivation of GABA-AT. One compound in the series is 8 times more efficient an inactivator of GABA-AT than vigabatrin, the only FDA-approved inactivator of GABA-AT. Our mechanistic studies show that the compound inactivates GABA-AT by a new mechanism. The metabolite resulting from inactivation does not covalently bind to amino acid residues of GABA-AT but stays in the active site via H-bonding interactions with Arg-192, a π-π interaction with Phe-189, and a weak nonbonded S···O═C interaction with Glu-270, thereby inactivating the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang V. Le
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, and the Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Dustin D. Hawker
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, and the Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660
| | - Emma Doud
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, and the Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Julia Widom
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, and the Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Ruslan Sanishvili
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439
| | - Dali Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660
| | - Neil L. Kelleher
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, and the Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Richard B. Silverman
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, and the Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
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Aguilera J, Moglioni A, Mor À, Ospina J, Illa O, Ortuño RM. Divergent synthetic routes to biologically relevant types of compounds: chiral polyfunctional γ-lactams and amino acids. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Assaf Z, Eger E, Vitnik Z, Fabian WMF, Ribitsch D, Guebitz GM, Faber K, Hall M. Identification and Application of Enantiocomplementary Lactamases for Vince Lactam Derivatives. ChemCatChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201402077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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Brenna E, Gatti FG, Manfredi A, Monti D, Parmeggiani F. Old Yellow Enzyme-mediated reduction of β-cyano-α,β-unsaturated esters for the synthesis of chiral building blocks: stereochemical analysis of the reaction. Catal Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cy20804d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Singh R, Vince R. 2-Azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-3-one: Chemical Profile of a Versatile Synthetic Building Block and its Impact on the Development of Therapeutics. Chem Rev 2012; 112:4642-86. [DOI: 10.1021/cr2004822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Singh
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, 516 Delaware Street Southeast,
Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Robert Vince
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, 516 Delaware Street Southeast,
Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
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21
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Yokosaka T, Hamajima A, Nemoto T, Hamada Y. Asymmetric synthesis of highly functionalized γ-lactams through an organocatalytic aza-Michael–Michael reaction cascade using fumaric acid amide esters as multi-reactive substrates. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.12.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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22
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Busto E, Gotor-Fernández V, Gotor V. Hydrolases in the Stereoselective Synthesis of N-Heterocyclic Amines and Amino Acid Derivatives. Chem Rev 2011; 111:3998-4035. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100287w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Busto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33006, Spain
| | - Vicente Gotor-Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33006, Spain
| | - Vicente Gotor
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33006, Spain
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Synthesis of conformationally restricted 1,2,3-triazole-substituted ethyl β- and γ-aminocyclopentanecarboxylate stereoisomers. Multifunctionalized alicyclic amino esters. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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25
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Pataj Z, Ilisz I, Aranyi A, Forró E, Fülöp F, Armstrong DW, Péter A. LC Separation of γ-Amino Acid Enantiomers. Chromatographia 2010. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-010-1484-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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26
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Fryszkowska A, Fisher K, Gardiner JM, Stephens GM. A short, chemoenzymatic route to chiral beta-aryl-gamma-amino acids using reductases from anaerobic bacteria. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 8:533-5. [PMID: 20090967 DOI: 10.1039/b919526b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A short chemoenzymatic synthesis of beta-aryl-gamma-aminobutyric acids has been developed, based on a highly enantioselective biocatalytic reduction of beta-aryl-beta-cyano-alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fryszkowska
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom.
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