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Scheibel DM, Gitsov IPI, Gitsov I. Enzymes in "Green" Synthetic Chemistry: Laccase and Lipase. Molecules 2024; 29:989. [PMID: 38474502 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29050989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Enzymes play an important role in numerous natural processes and are increasingly being utilized as environmentally friendly substitutes and alternatives to many common catalysts. Their essential advantages are high catalytic efficiency, substrate specificity, minimal formation of byproducts, and low energy demand. All of these benefits make enzymes highly desirable targets of academic research and industrial development. This review has the modest aim of briefly overviewing the classification, mechanism of action, basic kinetics and reaction condition effects that are common across all six enzyme classes. Special attention is devoted to immobilization strategies as the main tools to improve the resistance to environmental stress factors (temperature, pH and solvents) and prolong the catalytic lifecycle of these biocatalysts. The advantages and drawbacks of methods such as macromolecular crosslinking, solid scaffold carriers, entrapment, and surface modification (covalent and physical) are discussed and illustrated using numerous examples. Among the hundreds and possibly thousands of known and recently discovered enzymes, hydrolases and oxidoreductases are distinguished by their relative availability, stability, and wide use in synthetic applications, which include pharmaceutics, food and beverage treatments, environmental clean-up, and polymerizations. Two representatives of those groups-laccase (an oxidoreductase) and lipase (a hydrolase)-are discussed at length, including their structure, catalytic mechanism, and diverse usage. Objective representation of the current status and emerging trends are provided in the main conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter M Scheibel
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York-ESF, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Ioan Pavel Ivanov Gitsov
- Science and Technology, Medtronic Incorporated, 710 Medtronic Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55432, USA
| | - Ivan Gitsov
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York-ESF, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- The Michael M. Szwarc Polymer Research Institute, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Biomedical and Chemical Engineering Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- BioInspired Institute, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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2
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Tomaino E, Capecchi E, Ubertini V, Piccinino D, Bizzarri BM, Saladino R. Synthesis of Benzoxazines by Heterogeneous Multicomponent Biochemo Multienzymes Cascade Reaction. J Org Chem 2024; 89:2343-2350. [PMID: 38284895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
This work describes the possibility to combine multicomponent chemistry and multienzymes cascade transformations in a unique reactive framework to yield highly functionalized 1,4-benzoxazines under favorable heterogeneous conditions. The synthetic scheme involved the generation in situ of electrophilic reactive quinone intermediates of tyrosol esters catalyzed by lipase M and tyrosinase followed by nucleophilic 1,6-Michael addition of selected α-amino acid methyl esters, and successive intramolecular lactonization and aromatization processes. The immobilization of the multienzymes cascade on electroactive lignin nanoparticles improved the sustainability and recyclability of the overall system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Tomaino
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo De Lellis s.n.c., Viterbo 01100, Italy
| | - Eliana Capecchi
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo De Lellis s.n.c., Viterbo 01100, Italy
| | - Valentina Ubertini
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo De Lellis s.n.c., Viterbo 01100, Italy
| | - Davide Piccinino
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo De Lellis s.n.c., Viterbo 01100, Italy
| | - Bruno M Bizzarri
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo De Lellis s.n.c., Viterbo 01100, Italy
| | - Raffaele Saladino
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo De Lellis s.n.c., Viterbo 01100, Italy
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Zhang Y, Yao Q, Li Z, Yang F, Wang F, Liu J. A one-pot process for synthesis of mitomycin analogs catalyzed by laccase/lipase optimized by response surface methodology. Eng Life Sci 2020; 19:805-814. [PMID: 32624973 PMCID: PMC6999360 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201900118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To reach the excellent yield as well as environmental friendliness, an efficient one‐pot process for the synthesis of 2‐methyl‐3‐n‐butylaminoyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone, a mitomycin‐like compound by the domino reaction of 2‐methyl‐1,4‐hydroquinone and butylamine using laccase/lipase as co‐catalysts, has been developed. In this present study, the process proposed here was further improved by optimizing the relevant factors using the response surface methodology based on Box–Benkhen Design. The optimum condition that afforded the highest yield (98%) of 2‐methyl‐3‐n‐butylaminoyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone was obtained as follows: molar ratio of amines to hydroquinones 1.16:1, activity ratio of laccase to lipase 1.14:2, and reaction temperature 38.9°C. The results obtained indicate that this process may be useful as a green alternative method for higher yield production of mitomycin analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao P. R. China
| | - Quancai Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao P. R. China
| | - Zewen Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao P. R. China
| | - Fengke Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao P. R. China
| | - Fanye Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao P. R. China
| | - Junhong Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao P. R. China
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Scheibel DM, Gitsov I. Unprecedented Enzymatic Synthesis of Perfectly Structured Alternating Copolymers via “Green” Reaction Cocatalyzed by Laccase and Lipase Compartmentalized within Supramolecular Complexes. Biomacromolecules 2018; 20:927-936. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dieter M. Scheibel
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York−ESF, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Ivan Gitsov
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York−ESF, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
- The Michael M. Szwarc Polymer Research Institute, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
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Sharma A, Jain KK, Jain A, Kidwai M, Kuhad RC. Bifunctional in vivo role of laccase exploited in multiple biotechnological applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:10327-10343. [PMID: 30406827 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9404-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Laccases are multicopper enzymes present in plants, fungi, bacteria, and insects, which catalyze oxidation reactions together with four electron reduction of oxygen to water. Plant, bacterial, and insect laccases have a polymerizing role in nature, implicated in biosynthesis of lignin, melanin formation, and cuticle hardening, respectively. On the other hand, fungal laccases carry out both polymerizing (melanin synthesis and fruit body formation) as well as depolymerizing roles (lignin degradation). This bifunctionality of fungal laccases can be attributed to the presence of multiple isoforms within the same as well as different genus and species. Interestingly, by manipulating culture conditions, these isoforms with their different induction patterns and unique biochemical characteristics can be expressed or over-expressed for a targeted biotechnological application. Consequently, laccases can be considered as one of the most important biocatalyst which can be exploited for divergent industrial applications viz. paper pulp bleaching, fiber modification, dye decolorization, bioremediation as well as organic synthesis. The present review spotlights the role of fungal laccases in various antagonistic applications, i.e., polymerizing and depolymerizing, and co-relating this dual role with potential industrial significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abha Sharma
- Lignocellulose Biotechnology laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Kavish Kumar Jain
- Lignocellulose Biotechnology laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Arti Jain
- Green Chemistry laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, North Campus, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Mazahir Kidwai
- Green Chemistry laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, North Campus, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - R C Kuhad
- Lignocellulose Biotechnology laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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Rębiś T, Sobczak A, Wierzchowski M, Frankiewicz A, Teżyk A, Milczarek G. An approach for electrochemical functionalization of carbon nanotubes/1-amino-9,10-anthraquinone electrode with catechol derivatives for the development of NADH sensors. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sousa AC, Conceição Oliveira M, Martins LO, Robalo MP. A Sustainable Synthesis of Asymmetric Phenazines and Phenoxazinones Mediated by CotA-Laccase. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Sousa
- Área Departamental de Engenharia Química, ISEL - Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa; Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa; R. Conselheiro Emídio Navarro, 1 1959-007 Lisboa Portugal
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I; Instituto Superior Técnico; Universidade de Lisboa; Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - M. Conceição Oliveira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I; Instituto Superior Técnico; Universidade de Lisboa; Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Lígia O. Martins
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Av da República 2780-157 Oeiras Portugal
| | - M. Paula Robalo
- Área Departamental de Engenharia Química, ISEL - Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa; Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa; R. Conselheiro Emídio Navarro, 1 1959-007 Lisboa Portugal
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I; Instituto Superior Técnico; Universidade de Lisboa; Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
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Cannatelli MD, Ragauskas AJ. Two Decades of Laccases: Advancing Sustainability in the Chemical Industry. CHEM REC 2016; 17:122-140. [PMID: 27492131 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201600033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Given the current state of environmental affairs and that our future on this planet as we know it is in jeopardy, research and development into greener and more sustainable technologies within the chemical and forest products industries is at its peak. Given the global scale of these industries, the need for environmentally benign practices is propelling new green processes. These challenges are also impacting academic research and our reagents of interest are laccases. These enzymes are employed in a variety of biotechnological applications due to their native function as catalytic oxidants. They are about as green as it gets when it comes to chemical processes, requiring O2 as their only co-substrate and producing H2 O as the sole by-product. The following account will review our twenty year journey on the use of these enzymes within our research group, from their initial use in biobleaching of kraft pulps and for fiber modification within the pulp and paper industry, to their current application as green catalytic oxidants in the field of synthetic organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Cannatelli
- Renewable Bioproducts Institute, School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.,Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Renewable Bioproducts Institute, School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.,Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.,Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Forestry, Wildlife & Fisheries, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Schmidt NG, Eger E, Kroutil W. Building Bridges: Biocatalytic C-C-Bond Formation toward Multifunctional Products. ACS Catal 2016; 6:4286-4311. [PMID: 27398261 PMCID: PMC4936090 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-carbon bond formation is the key reaction for organic synthesis to construct the carbon framework of organic molecules. The review gives a selection of biocatalytic C-C-bond-forming reactions which have been investigated during the last 5 years and which have already been proven to be applicable for organic synthesis. In most cases, the reactions lead to products functionalized at the site of C-C-bond formation (e.g., α-hydroxy ketones, aminoalcohols, diols, 1,4-diketones, etc.) or allow to decorate aromatic and heteroaromatic molecules. Furthermore, examples for cyclization of (non)natural precursors leading to saturated carbocycles are given as well as the stereoselective cyclopropanation of olefins affording cyclopropanes. Although many tools are already available, recent research also makes it clear that nature provides an even broader set of enzymes to perform specific C-C coupling reactions. The possibilities are without limit; however, a big library of variants for different types of reactions is required to have the specific enzyme for a desired specific (stereoselective) reaction at hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina G. Schmidt
- ACIB
GmbH c/o, Department of Chemistry, University
of Graz, Heinrichstrasse
28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Eger
- Department
of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- ACIB
GmbH c/o, Department of Chemistry, University
of Graz, Heinrichstrasse
28, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department
of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Cannatelli MD, Ragauskas AJ. Laccase-catalyzed α-arylation of benzoylacetonitrile with substituted hydroquinones. Chem Eng Res Des 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2014.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Hosford J, Shepherd SA, Micklefield J, Wong LS. A high-throughput assay for arylamine halogenation based on a peroxidase-mediated quinone-amine coupling with applications in the screening of enzymatic halogenations. Chemistry 2014; 20:16759-63. [PMID: 25319801 PMCID: PMC4291110 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Arylhalides are important building blocks in many fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, and there has been increasing interest in the development of more "green" halogenation methods based on enzyme catalysis. However, the screening and development of new enzymes for biohalogenation has been hampered by a lack of high-throughput screening methods. Described herein is the development of a colorimetric assay for detecting both chemical and enzymatic arylamine halogenation reactions in an aqueous environment. The assay is based on the unique UV/Vis spectrum created by the formation of an ortho-benzoquinone-amine adduct, which is produced by the peroxidase-catalysed benzoquinone generation, followed by Michael addition of either a halogenated or non-halogenated arylamine. This assay is sensitive, rapid and amenable to high-throughput screening platforms. We have also shown this assay to be easily coupled to a flavin-dependent halogenase, which currently lacks any convenient colorimetric assay, in a "one-pot" workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Hosford
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN (UK)
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Mogharabi M, Faramarzi MA. Laccase and Laccase-Mediated Systems in the Synthesis of Organic Compounds. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Wellington KW, Qwebani-Ogunleye T, Kolesnikova NI, Brady D, de Koning CB. One-pot laccase-catalysed synthesis of 5,6-dihydroxylated benzo[b]furans and catechol derivatives, and their anticancer activity. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2013; 346:266-77. [PMID: 23447437 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201200413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A commercial laccase, Suberase® from Novozymes, was used to catalyse the synthesis of 5,6-dihydroxylated benzo[b]furans and catechol derivatives. The yields were, in some cases, similar to or better than that obtained by other enzymatic, chemical or electrochemical syntheses. The synthesised derivatives were screened against renal (TK10), melanoma (UACC62), breast (MCF7) and cervical (HeLa) cancer cell lines. GI50, TGI and LC50 are reported for the first time. Anticancer screening showed that the cytostatic effects of the 5,6-dihydroxylated benzo[b]furans were most effective against the melanoma (UACC62) cancer cell line with several compounds exhibiting potent growth inhibitory activities (GI50=0.77-9.76 µM), of which two compounds had better activity than the anticancer agent etoposide (GI50 0.89 µM). One compound exhibited potent activity (GI50=9.73 µM) against the renal (TK10) cancer cell line and two exhibited potent activity (GI50=8.79 and 9.30 µM) against the breast (MCF7) cancer cell line. These results encourage further studies of the 5,6-dihydroxylated benzo[b]furans for their potential application in anticancer therapy.
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Hajdok S, Conrad J, Beifuss U. Laccase-catalyzed domino reactions between hydroquinones and cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyls for the regioselective synthesis of substituted p-benzoquinones. J Org Chem 2011; 77:445-59. [PMID: 22117114 DOI: 10.1021/jo202082v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Highly substituted p-benzoquinones were obtained in yields ranging from 39% to 98% by laccase-catalyzed domino reactions between hydroquinones and cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyls using aerial oxygen as the oxidant. In almost all reactions bis-adducts with two adjacent 1,3-dicarbonyl substituents on the quinone moiety were formed selectively. The transformations can be regarded as domino oxidation/1,4-addition/oxidation/1,4-addition/oxidation processes. With unsubstituted hydroquinone as the substrate 2,3-disubstituted p-benzoquinones were isolated. Bis-adducts were also formed exclusively upon reaction with monosubstituted hydroquinones. In almost all cases the 2,3,5-trisubstituted p-benzoquinones were obtained. When 2,3-disubstituted hydroquinones were employed as starting materials the 2,3,5,6-tetrasubstituted p-benzoquinones were isolated. The unambiguous structure elucidation of all products has been achieved by NMR spectroscopic methods including spin pattern analysis of the long-range coupled C═O carbons and (13)C satellites analysis in (1)H NMR spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Hajdok
- Bioorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Universität Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 30, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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Monti D, Ottolina G, Carrea G, Riva S. Redox Reactions Catalyzed by Isolated Enzymes. Chem Rev 2011; 111:4111-40. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100334x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Monti
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, C.N.R., Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ottolina
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, C.N.R., Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Giacomo Carrea
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, C.N.R., Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Sergio Riva
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, C.N.R., Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy
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Sharma N, Sharma UK, Kumar R, Katoch N, Kumar R, Sinha AK. First Bovine Serum Albumin-Promoted Synthesis of Enones, Cinnamic Acids and Coumarins in Ionic Liquid: An Insight into the Role of Protein Impurities in Porcine Pancreas Lipase for Olefinic Bond Formation. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201000870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Resch V, Schrittwieser JH, Siirola E, Kroutil W. Novel carbon-carbon bond formations for biocatalysis. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2011; 22:793-9. [PMID: 21354781 PMCID: PMC3271363 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Carbon–carbon bond formation is the key transformation in organic synthesis to set up the carbon backbone of organic molecules. However, only a limited number of enzymatic C–C bond forming reactions have been applied in biocatalytic organic synthesis. Recently, further name reactions have been accomplished for the first time employing enzymes on a preparative scale, for instance the Stetter and Pictet–Spengler reaction or oxidative C–C bond formation. Furthermore, novel enzymatic C–C bond forming reactions have been identified like benzylation of aromatics, intermolecular Diels-Alder or reductive coupling of carbon monoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Resch
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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Busto E, Gotor-Fernández V, Gotor V. Hydrolases: catalytically promiscuous enzymes for non-conventional reactions in organic synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39:4504-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c003811c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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The laccase-catalyzed domino reaction between catechols and heterocyclic 1,3-dicarbonyls and the unambiguous structure elucidation of the products by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystal structure analysis. J Org Chem 2009; 74:7230-7. [PMID: 19739645 DOI: 10.1021/jo9011915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The laccase-catalyzed reaction between catechols and heterocyclic 1,3-dicarbonyls (pyridinones, quinolinones, thiocoumarins) using aerial oxygen as the oxidant delivers benzofuropyridinones, benzofuroquinolinones, and thiocoumestans in a simple fashion, highly regioselectively with yields ranging from 55 to 98%. With barbituric acid derivatives the exclusive formation of dispiropyrimidinone derivatives takes place. The unambiguous and complete structure elucidation of all reaction products has been achieved by means of NMR spectroscopic methods (HSQMBC and band-selective HMBC) as well as by X-ray crystal structure analysis.
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Coupling of aromatic amines onto syringylglycerol β-guaiacylether using Bacillus SF spore laccase: A model for functionalization of lignin-based materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2009.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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