1
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Liu Y, Bender SG, Sorigue D, Diaz DJ, Ellington AD, Mann G, Allmendinger S, Hyster TK. Asymmetric Synthesis of α-Chloroamides via Photoenzymatic Hydroalkylation of Olefins. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7191-7197. [PMID: 38442365 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Photoenzymatic intermolecular hydroalkylations of olefins are highly enantioselective for chiral centers formed during radical termination but poorly selective for centers set in the C-C bond-forming event. Here, we report the evolution of a flavin-dependent "ene"-reductase to catalyze the coupling of α,α-dichloroamides with alkenes to afford α-chloroamides in good yield with excellent chemo- and stereoselectivity. These products can serve as linchpins in the synthesis of pharmaceutically valuable motifs. Mechanistic studies indicate that radical formation occurs by exciting a charge-transfer complex templated by the protein. Precise control over the orientation of molecules within the charge-transfer complex potentially accounts for the observed stereoselectivity. The work expands the types of motifs that can be prepared using photoenzymatic catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Sophie G Bender
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Damien Sorigue
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Aix-Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies, BIAM Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Daniel J Diaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Institute for Foundations of Machine Learning, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Andrew D Ellington
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Greg Mann
- Novartis Pharm. AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | | | - Todd K Hyster
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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2
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Xiong TZ, Yisimayili N, Lu CD. Stereoselective Electrophilic Chlorination of β,β-Disubstituted Enesulfinamides with Chloramine-T: Asymmetric Synthesis of Acyclic α,α-Disubstituted α-Chlorinated Carbonyl Surrogates. Org Lett 2024; 26:1851-1856. [PMID: 38386702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Enamine and iminium ion-mediated asymmetric organocatalysis was not successful in achieving highly stereoselective α-chlorination of acyclic α,α-disubstituted carbonyls. To address this limitation, an alternative method was developed, which involved the use of geometry-defined persubstituted enesulfinamides to intercept the electrophilic chlorinating reagent. This approach enables the asymmetric construction of challenging acyclic α,α-disubstituted α-chlorinated ketimines with a high degree of stereoselectivity. The use of chloramine-T, a cost-effective and stable chlorine source rarely utilized in asymmetric electrophilic chlorination, plays a crucial role in achieving superior stereocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Zhao Xiong
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China
| | | | - Chong-Dao Lu
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China
- School of Health, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
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3
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Piringer M, Stockhammer L, Vogl L, Weinzierl D, Zebrowski P, Waser M. Enantioselective α-heterofunctionalization reactions of catalytically generated C1-Lewis base enolates. TETRAHEDRON CHEM 2024; 9:100063. [PMID: 38846753 PMCID: PMC7616070 DOI: 10.1016/j.tchem.2024.100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Chiral Lewis base (LB) organocatalysis has emerged as a powerful covalent catalysis concept which allows for highly selective asymmetric C-C and C-heteroatom bond formations. Considering significant recent progress in the development of strategies to access α-heterofunctionalized carboxylic acid derivatives under chiral LB catalysis, we wish to summarize the most significant concepts and advances in this field within this mini review now.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mario Waser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstr. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
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4
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Li Z, Wang B, Zhang C, Lo WY, Yang L, Sun J. Catalytic Enantioselective Nucleophilic α-Chlorination of Ketones with NaCl. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2779-2788. [PMID: 38238317 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Catalytic enantioselective α-chlorination of ketones is a highly desirable process. Different from the conventional approaches that employ corrosive electrophilic chlorination reagents, the process disclosed here employs nucleophilic chloride, aqueous NaCl solution, and even seawater, as green inexpensive chlorine sources. This mechanistically distinct and electronically opposite approach provides facile access to diverse highly enantioenriched acyclic α-chloro ketones that are less straightforward by conventional approaches. With a chiral thiourea catalyst, a range of racemic α-keto sulfonium salts underwent enantioconvergent carbon-chlorine bond formation with high efficiency and excellent enantioselectivity under mild conditions. The sulfonium motif plays a crucial triple role by permitting smooth dynamic kinetic resolution to take place via a chiral anion binding mechanism in a well-designed phase-transfer system. This protocol represents a new general platform for the asymmetric nucleophilic α-functionalization of carbonyl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Li
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, HKUST, No. 9 Yuexing First Rd, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Baocheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Chaoshen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Wai Yam Lo
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Liangliang Yang
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, HKUST, No. 9 Yuexing First Rd, Shenzhen 518057, China
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5
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Weinzierl D, Piringer M, Zebrowski P, Stockhammer L, Waser M. Photochemical Wolff Rearrangement Initiated Generation and Subsequent α-Chlorination of C1 Ammonium Enolates. Org Lett 2023; 25:3126-3130. [PMID: 37098273 PMCID: PMC10167681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
The enantioselective synthesis of α-chlorinated carboxylic acid esters with er up to 99:1 and yields up to 82% was achieved via a one-pot multistep protocol starting from α-diazoketones. This process proceeds via a photochemical Wolff rearrangement, trapping of the generated ketene with a chiral Lewis base catalyst, subsequent enantioselective α-chlorination, and a final nucleophilic displacement of the bound catalyst. The obtained products were successfully utilized for stereospecific nucleophilic displacement reactions with N- and S-nucleophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Weinzierl
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University
Linz, Altenbergerstr. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Magdalena Piringer
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University
Linz, Altenbergerstr. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Paul Zebrowski
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University
Linz, Altenbergerstr. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Lotte Stockhammer
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University
Linz, Altenbergerstr. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Mario Waser
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University
Linz, Altenbergerstr. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
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6
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Wannenmacher N, Keim N, Frey W, Peters R. Catalytic Asymmetric Chlorination of Isoxazolinones. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Noah Keim
- University of Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- University of Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart Chemistry GERMANY
| | - René Peters
- Universität Stuttgart Institut für Organische Chemie Pfaffenwaldring 55Raum 06.301 70569 Stuttgart GERMANY
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7
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Zheng Y, Zhang S, Low KH, Zi W, Huang Z. A Unified and Desymmetric Approach to Chiral Tertiary Alkyl Halides. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1951-1961. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Suihan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kam-Hung Low
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weiwei Zi
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhongxing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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8
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Grell Y, Xie X, Ivlev SI, Meggers E. Enantioselective α-Fluorination and α-Chlorination of N-Acyl Pyrazoles Catalyzed by a Non- C2-Symmetric Chiral-at-Rhodium Catalyst. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Grell
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Xiulan Xie
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Sergei I. Ivlev
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Eric Meggers
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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9
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Stockhammer L, Weinzierl D, Bögl T, Waser M. Enantioselective α-Chlorination Reactions of in Situ Generated C1 Ammonium Enolates under Base-Free Conditions. Org Lett 2021; 23:6143-6147. [PMID: 34319102 PMCID: PMC8353620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The asymmetric α-chlorination
of activated aryl acetic acid
esters can be carried out with high levels of enantioselectivities
utilizing commercially available isothiourea catalysts under base-free
conditions. The reaction, which proceeds via the in situ formation
of chiral C1 ammonium enolates, is best carried out under cryogenic
conditions combined with a direct trapping of the activated α-chlorinated
ester derivative to prevent epimerization, thus allowing for enantioselectivities
of up to e.r. 99:1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Stockhammer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstr. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - David Weinzierl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstr. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Thomas Bögl
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstr. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Mario Waser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstr. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
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10
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Heard DM, Lennox AJJ. Dichloromeldrum's Acid (DiCMA): A Practical and Green Amine Dichloroacetylation Reagent. Org Lett 2021; 23:3368-3372. [PMID: 33844547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dichloromeldrum's acid is introduced as a bench-stable, nonvolatile reagent for the dichloroacetylation of anilines and alkyl amines to produce α,α-dichloroacetamides, which are important motifs for medicinal chemistry. Products are formed in good to excellent yields with reagent grade solvents, and, as the only byproducts are acetone and CO2, no column chromatography is required. Thus, this reagent is practical, efficient, and green for the dichloroacetylation of primary amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Heard
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Alastair J J Lennox
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
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11
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Zaragozá RJ, Aurell MJ, González-Cardenete MA. A theoretical study on NHC-catalysed enantioselective cycloaddition of ketenes and 3-aroylcoumarins: mechanism and enantioselectivity. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:5474-5482. [PMID: 30022178 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01035h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
NHC-catalysed enantioselective cycloaddition of ketenes to 3-aroylcoumarins to yield dihydrocoumarin-fused dihydropyranones has been investigated using DFT methods at the B3LYP/6-31G* and MPWB1K/6-311G** computational levels. Two plausible mechanisms have been studied: the "ketene-first" mechanism A and the "coumarin-first" mechanism B. An analysis of the activation Gibbs free energies involved in the two competitive pathways makes it possible to rule out the pathway associated with the "coumarin-first" mechanism B. The first step of the "ketene-first" mechanism A is the formation of zwitterionic intermediate IN1-Zvia a nucleophilic attack of NHC 1 on ketene 2. A [4 + 2] cycloaddition through the nucleophilic attack of enolate IN1-Z on the conjugated double bond of the benzoyl group of coumarin 3, viaTS3-SS-a2 or TS3-RR-a2, yields IN3. Finally, the extrusion of the catalyst through TS5 leads to the final products, either 4-SS or 4-RR. Enantioselectivity observed in the experimental results is determined in the transition states TS3-SS-a2/TS3-RR-a2. In this pathway, the intramolecular hydrogen-bonding between the hydroxyl group of the IN1-Z adduct and the carbonyl oxygen of the original ketene group directs the final stereochemistry throughout the entire process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón J Zaragozá
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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12
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Greenhalgh MD, Qu S, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Multiple roles of aryloxide leaving groups in enantioselective annulations employing α,β-unsaturated acyl ammonium catalysis. Chem Sci 2018; 9:4909-4918. [PMID: 29910944 PMCID: PMC5982221 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01324a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An isothiourea-catalysed Michael addition-annulation process using β-fluoroalkyl-substituted α,β-unsaturated aryl esters and a range of 2-acylbenzazoles is reported for the enantioselective synthesis of dihydropyranone and dihydropyridinone products bearing polyfluorinated stereocenters (29 examples, up to 98% yield, >99 : 1 er). The choice of aryl group of the aryl ester proved essential in determining reaction enantioselectivity and dihydropyranone : dihydropyridinone product selectivity. The aryloxide leaving group is shown to play a number of essential additional roles, operating (i) as a Brønsted base, circumventing the need for an auxiliary base; and (ii) as a Lewis base to catalyse the isomerisation of dihydropyranone products into thermodynamically-favoured dihydropyridinones. After optimisation, this isomerisation process was exploited for the selective synthesis of dihydropyridinone products using acylbenzothiazoles, and either dihydropyranone or dihydropyridinone products using acylbenzoxazoles. Finally, the phenol derivative, produced following protonation of the aryloxide, is proposed to act as a Brønsted acid, which promotes an isothiourea-catalysed kinetic resolution of benzoxazole-derived dihydropyranones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Greenhalgh
- EaStCHEM , School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , North Haugh , St Andrews KY16 9ST , UK .
| | - Shen Qu
- EaStCHEM , School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , North Haugh , St Andrews KY16 9ST , UK .
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM , School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , North Haugh , St Andrews KY16 9ST , UK .
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM , School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , North Haugh , St Andrews KY16 9ST , UK .
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13
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Arokianathar JN, Frost AB, Slawin AMZ, Stead D, Smith AD. Isothiourea-Catalyzed Enantioselective Addition of 4-Nitrophenyl Esters to Iminium Ions. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jude N. Arokianathar
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Aileen B. Frost
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Darren Stead
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. Smith
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
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14
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Cruchter T, Medvedev MG, Shen X, Mietke T, Harms K, Marsch M, Meggers E. Asymmetric Nucleophilic Catalysis with an Octahedral Chiral-at-Metal Iridium(III) Complex. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b01296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Cruchter
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael G. Medvedev
- X-ray
Structural Laboratory, A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS, Vavilova St. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Xiaodong Shen
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Mietke
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Harms
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Marsch
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Eric Meggers
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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15
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Deng T, Bora PP, Lin SX, Li Y, Kang Q. Octahedral iridium complex catalyzed α-chlorination of 2-acyl imidazoles with tosyl chloride. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Gómez-Martínez M, Alonso DA, Pastor IM, Guillena G, Baeza A. Organocatalyzed Assembly of Chlorinated Quaternary Stereogenic Centers. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201600404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melania Gómez-Martínez
- Organic Chemistry Department and Organic Synthesis Institute; University of Alicante; Apdo. 99 E-03080- Alicante Spain
| | - Diego A. Alonso
- Organic Chemistry Department and Organic Synthesis Institute; University of Alicante; Apdo. 99 E-03080- Alicante Spain
| | - Isidro M. Pastor
- Organic Chemistry Department and Organic Synthesis Institute; University of Alicante; Apdo. 99 E-03080- Alicante Spain
| | - Gabriela Guillena
- Organic Chemistry Department and Organic Synthesis Institute; University of Alicante; Apdo. 99 E-03080- Alicante Spain
| | - Alejandro Baeza
- Organic Chemistry Department and Organic Synthesis Institute; University of Alicante; Apdo. 99 E-03080- Alicante Spain
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17
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Jimeno C, Cao L, Renaud P. Trichloromethanesulfonyl Chloride: A Chlorinating Reagent for Aldehydes. J Org Chem 2016; 81:1251-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ciril Jimeno
- Department
of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Modelling, IQAC-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona
18-24, E08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lidong Cao
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse
3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Renaud
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse
3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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18
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Han R, He L, Liu L, Xie X, She X. An Upstream By-product from Ester Activation via NHC-Catalysis Catalyzes Downstream Sulfonyl Migration Reaction. Chem Asian J 2015; 11:193-7. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201500959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Runfeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou, Gansu 730000 P.R. China
| | - Liwenze He
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou, Gansu 730000 P.R. China
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou, Gansu 730000 P.R. China
| | - Xingang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou, Gansu 730000 P.R. China
| | - Xuegong She
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou, Gansu 730000 P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin 300071 P.R. China
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19
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Flanigan DM, Romanov-Michailidis F, White NA, Rovis T. Organocatalytic Reactions Enabled by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Chem Rev 2015; 115:9307-87. [PMID: 25992594 PMCID: PMC4986729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1395] [Impact Index Per Article: 155.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Darrin M Flanigan
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | | | - Nicholas A White
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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20
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Xie Y, Que Y, Li T, Zhu L, Yu C, Yao C. N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed [4 + 2] cyclization of 2-bromo-2-enal with 3-alkylenyloxindoles: efficient assembly of spirocarbocyclic oxindole. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:1829-35. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01706d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A NHC-catalyzed [4 + 2] cyclization of 2-bromo-2-enal bearing γ-H with 3-alkylenyloxindoles under mild reaction conditions gives spirocarbocyclic oxindoles containing one quaternary carbon with high diastereoselectivies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanwei Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou 221116
- P. R. China
| | - Yonglei Que
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou 221116
- P. R. China
| | - Tuanjie Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou 221116
- P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou 221116
- P. R. China
| | - Chenxia Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou 221116
- P. R. China
| | - Changsheng Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- P. R. China
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21
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Van Hoveln RJ, Schmid SC, Tretbar M, Buttke CT, Schomaker JM. Formal Asymmetric Hydrobromination of Styrenes via Copper-Catalyzed 1,3-Halogen Migration. Chem Sci 2014; 5:4763-4767. [PMID: 26167268 PMCID: PMC4494760 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc02040e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
An enantioselective Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3-halogen migration reaction accomplishes a formal hydrobromination by transferring a bromine activating group from a sp2 carbon to a benzylic carbon in good er and with concomitant borylation of the Ar-Br bond. Computational modelling aids in understanding the reaction outcome and suggests future directions to improve the formal asymmetric hydrobromination. The benzyl bromide can be displaced with a variety of nucleophiles to produce a wide array of functionalized products.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Van Hoveln
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Ave. Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - S C Schmid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Ave. Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - M Tretbar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Ave. Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - C T Buttke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Ave. Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - J M Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Ave. Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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22
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Dong X, Yang W, Hu W, Sun J. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Enantioselective α-Fluorination of Aliphatic Aldehydes and α-Chloro Aldehydes: Synthesis of α-Fluoro Esters, Amides, and Thioesters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:660-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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23
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Dong X, Yang W, Hu W, Sun J. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Enantioselective α-Fluorination of Aliphatic Aldehydes and α-Chloro Aldehydes: Synthesis of α-Fluoro Esters, Amides, and Thioesters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Dong X, Sun J. Catalytic Asymmetric α-Aldol Reaction of Vinylogous N-Heterocyclic Carbene Enolates: Formation of Quaternary and Labile Tertiary Stereocenters. Org Lett 2014; 16:2450-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol500830a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqin Dong
- Department
of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Department
of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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25
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Ryan SJ, Candish L, Lupton DW. Acyl anion free N-heterocyclic carbene organocatalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:4906-17. [PMID: 23403488 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs35522e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 663] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Reaction discovery using N-heterocyclic carbene organocatalysis has been dominated by the chemistry of acyl anion equivalents. Recent studies demonstrate that NHCs are far more diverse catalysts, with a variety of reactions discovered that proceed without acyl anion equivalent formation. In this tutorial review selected examples of acyl anion free NHC catalysis using carbonyl compounds are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Ryan
- Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
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26
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27
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Maji B, Mayr H. Structures and Ambident Reactivities of Azolium Enolates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:11163-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201303524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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28
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Shibatomi K, Narayama A. Catalytic Enantioselective α-Chlorination of Carbonyl Compounds. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201300058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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29
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Douglas J, Taylor JE, Churchill G, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. NHC-Promoted Asymmetric β-Lactone Formation from Arylalkylketenes and Electron-Deficient Benzaldehydes or Pyridinecarboxaldehydes. J Org Chem 2013; 78:3925-38. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4003079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James Douglas
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - James E. Taylor
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Gwydion Churchill
- AstraZeneca, Process Research and Development, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Andrew D. Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
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30
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Leckie SM, Brown TB, Pryde D, Lebl T, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. NHC-mediated enantioselective formal [4 + 2] cycloadditions of alkylarylketenes and β,γ-unsaturated α-ketocarboxylic esters and amides. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:3230-46. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40424b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Collett CJ, Massey RS, Maguire OR, Batsanov AS, O'Donoghue AC, Smith AD. Mechanistic insights into the triazolylidene-catalysed Stetter and benzoin reactions: role of the N-aryl substituent. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc22137c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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32
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Morrill LC, Douglas J, Lebl T, Slawin AMZ, Fox DJ, Smith AD. Isothiourea-mediated asymmetric Michael-lactonisation of trifluoromethylenones: a synthetic and mechanistic study. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc51791h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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33
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Massey RS, Collett CJ, Lindsay AG, Smith AD, O’Donoghue AC. Proton Transfer Reactions of Triazol-3-ylidenes: Kinetic Acidities and Carbon Acid pKa Values for Twenty Triazolium Salts in Aqueous Solution. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:20421-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ja308420c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard S. Massey
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, University Science Laboratories,
South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Christopher J. Collett
- EaStCHEM, School
of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Anita G. Lindsay
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, University Science Laboratories,
South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Andrew D. Smith
- EaStCHEM, School
of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - AnnMarie C. O’Donoghue
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, University Science Laboratories,
South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
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34
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Hao L, Du Y, Lv H, Chen X, Jiang H, Shao Y, Chi YR. Enantioselective Activation of Stable Carboxylate Esters as Enolate Equivalents via N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysts. Org Lett 2012; 14:2154-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol300676w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Hao
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Yu Du
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Hui Lv
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Xingkuan Chen
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Huishen Jiang
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Yaling Shao
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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35
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Joannesse C, Johnston CP, Morrill LC, Woods PA, Kieffer M, Nigst TA, Mayr H, Lebl T, Philp D, Bragg RA, Smith AD. Isothiourea-Mediated Asymmetric O- to C-Carboxyl Transfer of Oxazolyl Carbonates: Structure-Selectivity Profiles and Mechanistic Studies. Chemistry 2012; 18:2398-408. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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36
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Woods PA, Morrill LC, Bragg RA, Smith AD. Isothiourea-Catalysed Asymmetric C-Acylation of Silyl Ketene Acetals. Chemistry 2011; 17:11060-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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37
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Campbell CD, Concellón C, Smith AD. Catalytic enantioselective Steglich rearrangements using chiral N-heterocyclic carbenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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38
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Campbell CD, Collett CJ, Thomson JE, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Organic base effects in NHC promoted O- to C-carboxyl transfer; chemoselectivity profiles, mechanistic studies and domino catalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:4205-18. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05160a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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