1
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Wang J, Zhang W, Cao W, Liu K, Su S, Ma J, Li X. Selective synthesis of α- and β-glycosides of N-acetyl galactosamine using rare earth metal triflates. Front Chem 2022; 10:1029911. [DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1029911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Structures containing galactose and GalNAc residues are specifically recognized by asialoglycoprotein receptors, allowing them to selectively internalize by hepatocytes for drug-targeting delivery. However, methods for direct synthesis of GalNAc glycosides are still challenging due to the poor participating group of 2-acetamido. Here, we develop a facile strategy to synthesize various GalNAc glycosides by employing a series of rare earth metal triflates, and the results demonstrate that both α-glycosides and β-glycosides of GalNAc can be obtained by conducting with Hf(OTf)4 and Sc(OTf)3, respectively. These applicable results indicate that any interested GalNAc-containing substrates could be prepared by this simple strategy.
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2
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Traboni S, Bedini E, Silipo A, Vessella G, Iadonisi A. Solvent‐Free Glycosylation from per‐
O
‐Acylated Donors Catalyzed by Methanesulfonic Acid. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Traboni
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Naples Federico II Via Cinthia 4 80126 Naples Italy
| | - Emiliano Bedini
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Naples Federico II Via Cinthia 4 80126 Naples Italy
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Naples Federico II Via Cinthia 4 80126 Naples Italy
| | - Giulia Vessella
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Naples Federico II Via Cinthia 4 80126 Naples Italy
| | - Alfonso Iadonisi
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Naples Federico II Via Cinthia 4 80126 Naples Italy
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3
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Pal KB, Guo A, Das M, Lee J, Báti G, Yip BRP, Loh TP, Liu XW. Iridium-promoted deoxyglycoside synthesis: stereoselectivity and mechanistic insight. Chem Sci 2020; 12:2209-2216. [PMID: 34163986 PMCID: PMC8179265 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06529c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we devised a method for stereoselective O-glycosylation using an Ir(i)-catalyst which enables both hydroalkoxylation and nucleophilic substitution of glycals with varying substituents at the C3 position. In this transformation, 2-deoxy-α-O-glycosides were acquired when glycals equipped with a notoriously poor leaving group at C3 were used; in contrast 2,3-unsaturated-α-O-glycosides were produced from glycals that bear a good leaving group at C3. Mechanistic studies indicate that both reactions proceed via the directing mechanism, through which the acceptor coordinates to the Ir(i) metal in the α-face-coordinated Ir(i)-glycal π-complex and then attacks the glycal that contains the O-glycosidic bond in a syn-addition manner. This protocol exhibits good functional group tolerance and is exemplified with the preparation of a library of oligosaccharides in moderate to high yields and with excellent stereoselectivities. Ir(i)-catalyzed α-selective O-glycosylation of glycals provided an access to both 2-deoxyglycosides and 2,3-unsaturated glycosides with a broad substrate scope. The underlying rationale of α-selectivity has been illustrated by the DFT study.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Bhaskar Pal
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 China.,Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371
| | - Aoxin Guo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371
| | - Mrinmoy Das
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371
| | - Jiande Lee
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 .,Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University 1 Cleantech Loop Singapore 637141
| | - Gábor Báti
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371
| | - Benjamin Rui Peng Yip
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 China.,Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 .,Yangtze River Delta Research Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University Taicang Jiangsu 215400 China
| | - Xue-Wei Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371
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4
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Abstract
Carbohydrates are a large class of natural products that play key roles in a number of biological processes such as in cellular communication or disease progression. Carbohydrates are also used as vaccines and pharmaceuticals. Their synthesis through glycosylation reactions is challenging, and often stoichiometric amounts of promoters are required. Transition metal catalyzed glycosylation reactions are far less common, but can have advantages with respect to reaction conditions and selectivity. The review intends to approach the topic from the catalysis and carbohydrate perspective to encourage researchers from both the fields to perform research in the area. The article covers the basics in glycosylation and catalysis chemistry. The catalysts for the reaction can be roughly divided into two groups. In one group, the catalysts serve as Lewis acids. In the other group, the catalysts play a higher sophisticated role, are involved in all elementary steps of the mechanism and remain coordinated to the substrate throughout the whole catalytic cycle. Based on selected examples, the main trends in transition metal catalyzed glycosylation reactions are explained. Lewis acid catalysts tend to require a somewhat higher catalyst load compared to other organometallic catalysts. The reaction conditions such as the temperature and time depend in many cases on the leaving group employed. An outlook is also presented. The article is not meant to be comprehensive; it outlines the most common transition metal catalyzed processes with the intention to bring the catalysis and carbohydrate communities together and to inspire research activities in both areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eike B Bauer
- University of Missouri - St Louis, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, One University Boulevard, St Louis, MO 63121, USA.
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5
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Assembly of Peptidoglycan Fragments-A Synthetic Challenge. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13110392. [PMID: 33203094 PMCID: PMC7696421 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptidoglycan (PGN) is a major constituent of most bacterial cell walls that is recognized as a primary target of the innate immune system. The availability of pure PGN molecules has become key to different biological studies. This review aims to (1) provide an overview of PGN biosynthesis, focusing on the main biosynthetic intermediates; (2) focus on the challenges for chemical synthesis posed by the unique and complex structure of PGN; and (3) cover the synthetic routes of PGN fragments developed to date. The key difficulties in the synthesis of PGN molecules mainly involve stereoselective glycosylation involving NAG derivatives. The complex synthesis of the carbohydrate backbone commonly involves multistep sequences of chemical reactions to install the lactyl moiety at the O-3 position of NAG derivatives and to control enantioselective glycosylation. Recent advances are presented and synthetic routes are described according to the main strategy used: (i) based on the availability of starting materials such as glucosamine derivatives; (ii) based on a particular orthogonal synthesis; and (iii) based on the use of other natural biopolymers as raw materials.
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6
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Payard P, Zheng Y, Zhou W, Khrouz L, Bonneviot L, Wischert R, Grimaud L, Pera‐Titus M. Iron Triflate Salts as Highly Active Catalysts for the Solvent‐Free Oxidation of Cyclohexane. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre‐Adrien Payard
- Eco‐Efficient Products and Processes Laboratory (E2P2L) UMI 3464 CNRS Solvay 3966 Jin Du Road, Xin Zhuang Ind Zone 201108 Shanghai China
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules LBM PSL University, Sorbonne Université 24 rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
| | - Yu‐Ting Zheng
- Eco‐Efficient Products and Processes Laboratory (E2P2L) UMI 3464 CNRS Solvay 3966 Jin Du Road, Xin Zhuang Ind Zone 201108 Shanghai China
| | - Wen‐Juan Zhou
- Eco‐Efficient Products and Processes Laboratory (E2P2L) UMI 3464 CNRS Solvay 3966 Jin Du Road, Xin Zhuang Ind Zone 201108 Shanghai China
| | - Lhoussain Khrouz
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie LBM Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182 46 Allée d'Italie 69342 Lyon France
| | - Laurent Bonneviot
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie LBM Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182 46 Allée d'Italie 69342 Lyon France
| | - Raphael Wischert
- Eco‐Efficient Products and Processes Laboratory (E2P2L) UMI 3464 CNRS Solvay 3966 Jin Du Road, Xin Zhuang Ind Zone 201108 Shanghai China
| | - Laurence Grimaud
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules LBM PSL University, Sorbonne Université 24 rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
| | - Marc Pera‐Titus
- Eco‐Efficient Products and Processes Laboratory (E2P2L) UMI 3464 CNRS Solvay 3966 Jin Du Road, Xin Zhuang Ind Zone 201108 Shanghai China
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7
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Queda F, Covas G, Silva T, Santos CA, Bronze MR, Cañada FJ, Corvo MC, Filipe SR, Marques MMB. A top-down chemo-enzymatic approach towards N-acetylglucosamine-N-acetylmuramic oligosaccharides: Chitosan as a reliable template. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 224:115133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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8
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Carvalho LCR, Queda F, Almeida CV, Filipe SR, Marques MMB. From a Natural Polymer to Relevant NAG‐NAM Precursors. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luísa C. R. Carvalho
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade Nova de Lisboa Campus de Caparica 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Fausto Queda
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade Nova de Lisboa Campus de Caparica 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Cátia V. Almeida
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade Nova de Lisboa Campus de Caparica 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Sérgio R. Filipe
- UCIBIO@REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade Nova de Lisboa Campus de Caparica 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
- Laboratory of Bacterial Cell Surfaces and Pathogenesis, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e BiológicaUniversidade Nova de Lisboa 2780-157 Oeiras Portugal
| | - M. Manuel B. Marques
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade Nova de Lisboa Campus de Caparica 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
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9
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Beau JM, Boyer FD, Norsikian S, Urban D, Vauzeilles B, Xolin A. Glycosylation: The Direct Synthesis of 2-Acetamido-2-Deoxy-Sugar Glycosides. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie Beau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles; CNRS UPR2301; Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 1 av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
- Laboratoire de Synthèse de Biomolécules; Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay; Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay; 91405 Orsay France
| | - François-Didier Boyer
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles; CNRS UPR2301; Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 1 av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA; AgroParisTech, CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; 78000 Versailles France
| | - Stéphanie Norsikian
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles; CNRS UPR2301; Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 1 av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Dominique Urban
- Laboratoire de Synthèse de Biomolécules; Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay; Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay; 91405 Orsay France
| | - Boris Vauzeilles
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles; CNRS UPR2301; Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 1 av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
- Laboratoire de Synthèse de Biomolécules; Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay; Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay; 91405 Orsay France
| | - Amandine Xolin
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles; CNRS UPR2301; Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 1 av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Martin Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Xolin A, Losa R, Kaid A, Tresse C, Beau JM, Boyer FD, Norsikian S. Stereocontrolled glycoside synthesis by activation of glycosyl sulfone donors with scandium(iii) triflate. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:325-335. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02792c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Activation of armed glycosyl sulfone donors, using scandium(iii) triflate under microwave irradiation, provides a selective preparation of α-mannosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Xolin
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- CNRS UPR2301
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette
| | - Romain Losa
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- CNRS UPR2301
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette
| | - Aicha Kaid
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- CNRS UPR2301
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette
| | - Cédric Tresse
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- CNRS UPR2301
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette
| | - Jean-Marie Beau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- CNRS UPR2301
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette
| | - François-Didier Boyer
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- CNRS UPR2301
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette
| | - Stéphanie Norsikian
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- CNRS UPR2301
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette
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12
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Frem D, Urban D, Norsikian S, Beau JM. From Chitin to α-Glycosides of N
-Acetylglucosamine Using Catalytic Copper Triflate in a Heated Sealed-Vessel Reactor. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dany Frem
- Laboratoire de Synthèse de Biomolécules; Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay; Univ. Paris-Sud; CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; 91405 Orsay France
| | - Dominique Urban
- Laboratoire de Synthèse de Biomolécules; Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay; Univ. Paris-Sud; CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; 91405 Orsay France
| | - Stéphanie Norsikian
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles; CNRS UPR2301; Univ. Paris-Sud; Université Paris-Saclay; 1 av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Jean-Marie Beau
- Laboratoire de Synthèse de Biomolécules; Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay; Univ. Paris-Sud; CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; 91405 Orsay France
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles; CNRS UPR2301; Univ. Paris-Sud; Université Paris-Saclay; 1 av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
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13
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Sommer R, Hauck D, Titz A. Efficient Two Step β‐Glycoside Synthesis from
N
‐Acetyl
d
‐Glucosamine: Scope and Limitations of Copper(II) Triflate‐Catalyzed Glycosylation. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Sommer
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E 8.1 D-66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig Germany
| | - Dirk Hauck
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E 8.1 D-66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig Germany
| | - Alexander Titz
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E 8.1 D-66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig Germany
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14
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Tanaka H, Hamaya Y, Kotsuki H. A Direct Method for β-Selective Glycosylation with an N-Acetylglucosamine Donor Armed by a 4-O-TBDMS Protecting Group. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030429. [PMID: 28282905 PMCID: PMC6155425 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new direct method for β-selective glycosylation with an N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) donor was developed. This substrate, which can be readily prepared from commercially available GlcNAc in two steps, contains a 4-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) protecting group as a key component. We found that this functionality could have a favorable effect on the reactivity of the GlcNAc donor. Glycosylation with the armed donor using primary alcohols in the presence of a catalytic amount of trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSOTf) in 1,2-dichloroethane smoothly gave the desired coupling products in good yields with complete β-selectivity, while sterically hindered acceptors were less efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Tanaka
- Oceanography Section, Science Research Center, Kochi University, Otsu, Nankoku-shi, Kochi 783-8502, Japan.
| | - Yu Hamaya
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kochi University, Akebono-cho, Kochi-shi, Kochi 780-8520, Japan.
| | - Hiyoshizo Kotsuki
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kochi University, Akebono-cho, Kochi-shi, Kochi 780-8520, Japan.
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15
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Ryan P, Koh AHW, Lohning AE, Rudrawar S. Solid-Phase O-Glycosylation with a Glucosamine Derivative for the Synthesis of a Glycopeptide. Aust J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/ch17201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of the O-linked glycosylamino acid Fmoc–l-Ser((Ac)3–β-d-GlcNAc)-OH building block is described. The utility of the method was demonstrated with direct solid-phase O-glycosylation of the hydroxyl group on the amino acid (Ser) side chain of a human α-A crystallin-derived peptide (AIPVSREEK) in nearly quantitative glycosylation yield.
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16
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Marqvorsen MHS, Pedersen MJ, Rasmussen MR, Kristensen SK, Dahl-Lassen R, Jensen HH. Why Is Direct Glycosylation with N-Acetylglucosamine Donors Such a Poor Reaction and What Can Be Done about It? J Org Chem 2016; 82:143-156. [PMID: 28001415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The monosaccharide N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) is an abundant building block in naturally occurring oligosaccharides, but its incorporation by chemical glycosylation is challenging since direct reactions are low yielding. This issue, generally agreed upon to be caused by an intermediate 1,2-oxazoline, is often bypassed by introducing extra synthetic steps to avoid the presence of the NHAc functional group during glycosylation. The present paper describes new fundamental mechanistic insights into the inherent challenges of performing direct glycosylation with GlcNAc. These results show that controlling the balance of oxazoline formation and glycosylation is key to achieving acceptable chemical yields. By applying this line of reasoning to direct glycosylation with a traditional thioglycoside donor of GlcNAc, which otherwise affords poor glycosylation yields, one may obtain useful glycosylation results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel H S Marqvorsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Martin J Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Michelle R Rasmussen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Steffan K Kristensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Dahl-Lassen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henrik H Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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17
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Xolin A, Norsikian S, Boyer FD, Beau JM. Iron(III)-Triflate-Catalyzed Multiple Glycosylations with Peracetylated β-d-Glucosamine. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Xolin
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles; CNRS UPR2301; Univ. Paris-Sud; Université Paris-Saclay; 1 av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Stéphanie Norsikian
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles; CNRS UPR2301; Univ. Paris-Sud; Université Paris-Saclay; 1 av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - François-Didier Boyer
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles; CNRS UPR2301; Univ. Paris-Sud; Université Paris-Saclay; 1 av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin; INRA; AgroParisTech; CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; RD10 78026 Versailles France
| | - Jean-Marie Beau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles; CNRS UPR2301; Univ. Paris-Sud; Université Paris-Saclay; 1 av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
- Laboratoire de Synthèse de Biomolécules; Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay; Univ. Paris-Sud; Université Paris-Saclay; 91405 Orsay France
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18
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Aly MRES, El Ashry ESH. Recent Advances Toward Robust N-Protecting Groups for Glucosamine as Required for Glycosylation Strategies. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2016; 73:117-224. [PMID: 27816106 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
2-Amino-2-deoxy-d-glucose (d-glucosamine) is among the most abundant monosaccharides found in natural products. This constituent, recognized for its ubiquity, is presented in most instances as its N-acetyl derivative 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranose (N-acetylglucosamine, GlcNAc, NAG). It occurs as the β-linked pyranosyl group in polysaccharides and oligosaccharides, and sometimes as the monosaccharide itself, either in its native state or as a glycoconjugate. The compound's acylation profile and other aspects of its structure are important elements in determining the variety of reactivities and functions of the molecule as a whole. Methods elaborated to investigate these challenges have been intensively reviewed; however, a relatively more comprehensive reviewing of this subject is introduced here to cover some aspects that have not been sufficiently covered. This might enable those who are beginners in this field to be aware of the subject in a more comprehensive context. 2-Amino-2-deoxy-d-glucosylation strategies demand robust amino-protecting groups that survive under a variety of chemical conditions, yet provide groups that can be deprotected under relatively mild conditions. At the end of this review, a table that includes all the N-protecting groups that have been used for glucosamine is provided to introduce them at a glance to aid in constructing building blocks that will act as useful 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-glucosyl donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ramadan El Sayed Aly
- Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - El Sayed H El Ashry
- Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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Kong H, Chen W, Lu H, Yang Q, Dong Y, Wang D, Zhang J. Synthesis of NAG-thiazoline-derived inhibitors for β-N-acetyl-d-hexosaminidases. Carbohydr Res 2015; 413:135-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingmar Bauer
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Knölker
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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21
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Rasmussen MR, Marqvorsen MHS, Kristensen SK, Jensen HH. A protocol for metal triflate catalyzed direct glycosylations with GalNAc 1-OPiv donors. J Org Chem 2014; 79:11011-9. [PMID: 25335115 DOI: 10.1021/jo502036f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report on the development of novel glycosylation methodology for the concise synthesis of naturally occurring glycoconjugate motifs containing N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) from the cheaper and commercially available N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). The stereoselective glycosylations proceed with catalytic amounts of a promoter and without the need for N-protection other than the biologically relevant N-acetyl group. Among the catalysts explored, both Bi(OTf)3 and Fe(OTf)3 were found to be highly active Lewis acids for this reaction. It was also found that other less reactive metal triflates such as those of Cu(II) and Yb(III) can be beneficial in glycosylation reactions on more demanding glycosyl acceptors. We have furthermore demonstrated that it is possible to control the anomeric stereoselectivity in the glycosylation via postglycosylation in situ anomerization to obtain good yields of α-galactosides. The present protocol was used to prepare important naturally occurring carbohydrate motifs, including a trisaccharide fragment of the naturally occurring marine sponge clarhamnoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R Rasmussen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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22
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Despras G, Alix A, Urban D, Vauzeilles B, Beau JM. From chitin to bioactive chitooligosaccharides and conjugates: access to lipochitooligosaccharides and the TMG-chitotriomycin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11912-6. [PMID: 25212734 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The direct and chemoselective N-transacylation of peracetylated chitooligosaccharides (COSs), readily obtained from chitin, to give per-N-trifluoroacetyl derivatives offers an attractive route to size-defined COSs and derived glycoconjugates. It involves the use of various acceptor building blocks and trifluoromethyl oxazoline dimer donors prepared with efficiency and highly reactive in 1,2-trans glycosylation reactions. This method was applied to the preparation of the important symbiotic glycolipids which are highly active on plants and to the TMG-chitotriomycin, a potent and specific inhibitor of insect, fungal, and bacterial N-acetylglucosaminidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Despras
- Université Paris-Sud and CNRS, Laboratoire de Synthèse de Biomolécules, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR 8182, 91405 Orsay (France)
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23
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Despras G, Alix A, Urban D, Vauzeilles B, Beau JM. From Chitin to Bioactive Chitooligosaccharides and Conjugates: Access to Lipochitooligosaccharides and the TMG-chitotriomycin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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24
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Xolin A, Stévenin A, Pucheault M, Norsikian S, Boyer FD, Beau JM. Glycosylation with N-acetyl glycosamine donors using catalytic iron(iii) triflate: from microwave batch chemistry to a scalable continuous-flow process. Org Chem Front 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4qo00183d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Efficient glycosylation reactions of peracetylated β-d-N-acetyl glycosamines are described using catalytic iron(iii) triflate under microwave conditions or in a continuous flow process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Xolin
- Centre de Recherche de Gif
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- CNRS
- F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Arnaud Stévenin
- Centre de Recherche de Gif
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- CNRS
- F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mathieu Pucheault
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires
- UMR 5255 Bâtiment A11
- F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Stéphanie Norsikian
- Centre de Recherche de Gif
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- CNRS
- F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - François-Didier Boyer
- Centre de Recherche de Gif
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- CNRS
- F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin
| | - Jean-Marie Beau
- Centre de Recherche de Gif
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- CNRS
- F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris-Sud and CNRS
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Gillard L, Stévenin A, Schmitz-Afonso I, Vauzeilles B, Boyer FD, Beau JM. Synthesis of the Fungal Lipo-Chitooligosaccharide Myc-IV (C16:0, S), Symbiotic Signal of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cao Y, Yao C, Qin B, Zhang H. Solvent-free synthesis of 14-Aryl-14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes catalyzed by recyclable and reusable iron(III) triflate. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-012-0818-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Boyer FD, de Saint Germain A, Pillot JP, Pouvreau JB, Chen VX, Ramos S, Stévenin A, Simier P, Delavault P, Beau JM, Rameau C. Structure-activity relationship studies of strigolactone-related molecules for branching inhibition in garden pea: molecule design for shoot branching. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 159:1524-44. [PMID: 22723084 PMCID: PMC3428777 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.195826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Initially known for their role in the rhizosphere in stimulating the seed germination of parasitic weeds such as the Striga and Orobanche species, and later as host recognition signals for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, strigolactones (SLs) were recently rediscovered as a new class of plant hormones involved in the control of shoot branching in plants. Herein, we report the synthesis of new SL analogs and, to our knowledge, the first study of SL structure-activity relationships for their hormonal activity in garden pea (Pisum sativum). Comparisons with their action for the germination of broomrape (Phelipanche ramosa) are also presented. The pea rms1 SL-deficient mutant was used in a SL bioassay based on axillary bud length after direct SL application on the bud. This assay was compared with an assay where SLs were fed via the roots using hydroponics and with a molecular assay in which transcript levels of BRANCHED1, the pea homolog of the maize TEOSINTE BRANCHED1 gene were quantified in axillary buds only 6 h after application of SLs. We have demonstrated that the presence of a Michael acceptor and a methylbutenolide or dimethylbutenolide motif in the same molecule is essential. It was established that the more active analog 23 with a dimethylbutenolide as the D-ring could be used to control the plant architecture without strongly favoring the germination of P. ramosa seeds. Bold numerals refer to numbers of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- François-Didier Boyer
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Unité Propre de Recherche 2301 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France.
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