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Sondag D, de Kleijne FFJ, Castermans S, Chatzakis I, van Geffen M, Van't Veer C, van Heerde WL, Boltje TJ, Rutjes FPJT. Synthesis and Evaluation of Glycosyl Luciferins. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302547. [PMID: 37849395 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Measuring glycosidase activity is important to monitor any aberrations in carbohydrate hydrolase activity, but also for the screening of potential glycosidase inhibitors. To this end, synthetic substrates are needed which provide an enzyme-dependent read-out upon hydrolysis by the glycosidase. Herein, we present two new routes for the synthesis of caged luminescent carbohydrates, which can be used for determining glycosidase activity with a luminescent reporter molecule. The substrates were validated with glycosidase and revealed a clear linear range and enzyme-dependent signal upon the in situ generation of the luciferin moiety from the corresponding nitrile precursors. Besides, we showed that these compounds could directly be synthesized from unprotected glycosyl-α-fluorides in a two-step procedure with yields up to 75 %. The intermediate methyl imidate appeared a key intermediate which also reacted with d-cysteine to give the corresponding d-luciferin substrate rendering this a highly attractive method for synthesizing glycosyl luciferins in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan Sondag
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank F J de Kleijne
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sam Castermans
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Isa Chatzakis
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark van Geffen
- Enzyre BV, Novio Tech Campus, Transistorweg 5-i, 6534 AT, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis Van't Veer
- Enzyre BV, Novio Tech Campus, Transistorweg 5-i, 6534 AT, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Waander L van Heerde
- Enzyre BV, Novio Tech Campus, Transistorweg 5-i, 6534 AT, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Haematology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Haemophilia Treatment Centre, Nijmegen Eindhoven Maastricht (HTC-NEM), The Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Boltje
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris P J T Rutjes
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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2
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Peyrot C, Didak B, Guillotin L, Landemarre L, Lafite P, Lemiègre L, Daniellou R. Enzymatic Synthesis of a Series of Thioglycosides: Analogs of Arbutin with Efficient Antipigmentation Properties. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Peyrot
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA) – UMR CNRS 7311 University of Orléans Rue de Chartres, BP6759 45067 Orléans cedex 2 France
- Univ Rennes Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR – UMR6226 35000 Rennes France
- Present address: URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles CEBB AgroParisTech 51110 Pomacle France
| | | | - Laure Guillotin
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA) – UMR CNRS 7311 University of Orléans Rue de Chartres, BP6759 45067 Orléans cedex 2 France
| | | | - Pierre Lafite
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA) – UMR CNRS 7311 University of Orléans Rue de Chartres, BP6759 45067 Orléans cedex 2 France
| | - Loïc Lemiègre
- Univ Rennes Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR – UMR6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Richard Daniellou
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA) – UMR CNRS 7311 University of Orléans Rue de Chartres, BP6759 45067 Orléans cedex 2 France
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3
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Pengthaisong S, Hua Y, Ketudat Cairns JR. Structural basis for transglycosylation in glycoside hydrolase family GH116 glycosynthases. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 706:108924. [PMID: 34019851 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glycosynthases are glycoside hydrolase mutants that can synthesize oligosaccharides or glycosides from an inverted donor without hydrolysis of the products. Although glycosynthases have been characterized from a variety of glycoside hydrolase (GH) families, family GH116 glycosynthases have yet to be reported. We produced the Thermoanaerobacterium xylanolyticum TxGH116 nucleophile mutants E441D, E441G, E441Q and E441S and compared their glycosynthase activities to the previously generated E441A mutant. The TxGH116 E441G and E441S mutants exhibited highest glycosynthase activity to transfer glucose from α-fluoroglucoside (α-GlcF) to cellobiose acceptor, while E441D had low but significant activity as well. The E441G, E441S and E441A variants showed broad specificity for α-glycosyl fluoride donors and p-nitrophenyl glycoside acceptors. The structure of the TxGH116 E441A mutant with α-GlcF provided the donor substrate complex, while soaking of the TxGH116 E441G mutant with α-GlcF resulted in cellooligosaccharides extending from the +1 subsite out of the active site, with glycerol in the -1 subsite. Soaking of E441A or E441G with cellobiose or cellotriose gave similar acceptor substrate complexes with the nonreducing glucosyl residue in the +1 subsite. Combining structures with the ligands from the TxGH116 E441A with α-GlcF crystals with that of E441A or E441G with cellobiose provides a plausible structure of the catalytic ternary complex, which places the nonreducing glucosyl residue O4 2.5 Å from the anomeric carbon of α-GlcF, thereby explaining its apparent preference for production of β-1,4-linked oligosaccharides. This functional and structural characterization provides the background for development of GH116 glycosynthases for synthesis of oligosaccharides and glycosides of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salila Pengthaisong
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand; Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Yanling Hua
- Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand; Center for Scientific and Technological Equipment, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - James R Ketudat Cairns
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand; Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand.
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4
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Qiu X, Fairbanks AJ. Scope of the DMC mediated glycosylation of unprotected sugars with phenols in aqueous solution. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:7355-7365. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01727b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Activation of reducing sugars in aqueous solution using DMC and triethylamine in the presence of phenols allows direct stereoselective conversion to the corresponding 1,2-trans aryl glycosides without the need for any protecting groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qiu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Canterbury
- Christchurch
- New Zealand
| | - Antony J. Fairbanks
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Canterbury
- Christchurch
- New Zealand
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre
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5
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Effects of Random Mutagenesis and In Vivo Selection on the Specificity and Stability of a Thermozyme. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9050440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Factors that give enzymes stability, activity, and substrate recognition result from the combination of few weak molecular interactions, which can be difficult to study through rational protein engineering approaches. We used irrational random mutagenesis and in vivo selection to test if a β-glycosidase from the thermoacidophile Saccharolobus solfataricus (Ssβ-gly) could complement an Escherichia coli strain unable to grow on lactose. The triple mutant of Ssβ-gly (S26L, P171L, and A235V) was more active than the wild type at 85 °C, inactivated at this temperature almost 300-fold quicker, and showed a 2-fold higher kcat on galactosides. The three mutations, which were far from the active site, were analyzed to test their effect at the structural level. Improved activity on galactosides was induced by the mutations. The S26L and P171L mutations destabilized the enzyme through the removal of a hydrogen bond and increased flexibility of the peptide backbone, respectively. However, the flexibility added by S26L mutation improved the activity at T > 60 °C. This study shows that random mutagenesis and biological selection allowed the identification of residues that are critical in determining thermal activity, stability, and substrate recognition.
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6
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Pote AR, Vannam R, Richard A, Gascón J, Peczuh MW. Formation of and Glycosylation with Per‐
O
‐Acetyl Septanosyl Halides: Rationalizing Complex Reactivity En Route to
p
‐Nitrophenyl Septanosides. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya R. Pote
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 55 N. Eagleville Road, U3060 06269‐3060 Storrs CT USA
| | - Raghu Vannam
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 55 N. Eagleville Road, U3060 06269‐3060 Storrs CT USA
| | - Alissa Richard
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 55 N. Eagleville Road, U3060 06269‐3060 Storrs CT USA
| | - José Gascón
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 55 N. Eagleville Road, U3060 06269‐3060 Storrs CT USA
| | - Mark W. Peczuh
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 55 N. Eagleville Road, U3060 06269‐3060 Storrs CT USA
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Lv X, Cao H, Lin B, Wang W, Zhang W, Duan Q, Tao Y, Liu XW, Li X. Synthesis of Sialic Acids, Their Derivatives, and Analogs by Using a Whole-Cell Catalyst. Chemistry 2017; 23:15143-15149. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xun Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology; Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Chaoyang District; Beijing 100101 P. R. China
| | - Hongzhi Cao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center; Shandong University; Jinan 250012 P. R. China
| | - Baixue Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology; Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Chaoyang District; Beijing 100101 P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Changchun University of Science and Technology, Weixing Road; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Wande Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Changchun University of Science and Technology, Weixing Road; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Qian Duan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Changchun University of Science and Technology, Weixing Road; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Yong Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology; Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Chaoyang District; Beijing 100101 P. R. China
| | - Xue-Wei Liu
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Xuebing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology; Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Chaoyang District; Beijing 100101 P. R. China
- Savaid Medical School; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District; Beijing 101408 P. R. China
- Center for Influenza Research and Early Warning (CASCIRE); Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District; Beijing 100101 P. R. China
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8
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Abstract
The many advances in glycoscience have more and more brought to light the crucial role of glycosides and glycoconjugates in biological processes. Their major influence on the functionality and stability of peptides, cell recognition, health and immunity and many other processes throughout biology has increased the demand for simple synthetic methods allowing the defined syntheses of target glycosides. Additional interest in glycoside synthesis has arisen with the prospect of producing sustainable materials from these abundant polymers. Enzymatic synthesis has proven itself to be a promising alternative to the laborious chemical synthesis of glycosides by avoiding the necessity of numerous protecting group strategies. Among the biocatalytic strategies, glycosynthases, genetically engineered glycosidases void of hydrolytic activity, have gained much interest in recent years, enabling not only the selective synthesis of small glycosides and glycoconjugates, but also the production of highly functionalized polysaccharides. This review provides a detailed overview over the glycosylation possibilities of the variety of glycosynthases produced until now, focusing on the transfer of the most common glucosyl-, galactosyl-, xylosyl-, mannosyl-, fucosyl-residues and of whole glycan blocks by the different glycosynthase enzyme variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc R Hayes
- Institut für Bioorganische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf im Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52426 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Jörg Pietruszka
- Institut für Bioorganische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf im Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52426 Jülich, Germany.
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, IBG-1: Biotechnology, 52426 Jülich, Germany.
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9
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Qin Z, Yang S, Zhao L, You X, Yan Q, Jiang Z. Catalytic Mechanism of a Novel Glycoside Hydrolase Family 16 "Elongating" β-Transglycosylase. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:1666-1678. [PMID: 27956553 PMCID: PMC5290943 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.762419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates are complex macromolecules in biological metabolism. Enzymatic synthesis of carbohydrates is recognized as a powerful tool to overcome the problems associated with large scale synthesis of carbohydrates. Novel enzymes with significant transglycosylation ability are still in great demand in glycobiology studies. Here we report a novel glycoside hydrolase family 16 "elongating" β-transglycosylase from Paecilomyces thermophila (PtBgt16A), which efficiently catalyzes the synthesis of higher polymeric oligosaccharides using β-1,3/1,4-oligosaccharides as donor/acceptor substrates. Further structural information reveals that PtBgt16A has a binding pocket around the -1 subsite. The catalytic mechanism of PtBgt16A is partly similar to an exo-glycoside hydrolase, which cleaves the substrate from the non-reducing end one by one. However, PtBgt16A releases the reducing end product and uses the remainder glucosyl as a transglycosylation donor. This catalytic mechanism has similarity with the catalytic mode of amylosucrase, which catalyzes the transglycosylation products gradually extend by one glucose unit. PtBgt16A thus has the potential to be a tool enzyme for the enzymatic synthesis of new β-oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Qin
- From the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; the School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Research and Development Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shaoqing Yang
- From the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liming Zhao
- the School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Research and Development Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xin You
- the Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiaojuan Yan
- the Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhengqiang Jiang
- From the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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10
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Nakatani Y, Larsen DS, Cutfield SM, Cutfield JF. Major Change in Regiospecificity for the Exo-1,3-β-glucanase from Candida albicans following Its Conversion to a Glycosynthase. Biochemistry 2014; 53:3318-26. [DOI: 10.1021/bi500239m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Nakatani
- Biochemistry
Department, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - D. S. Larsen
- Chemistry
Department, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - S. M. Cutfield
- Biochemistry
Department, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - J. F. Cutfield
- Biochemistry
Department, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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Li C, Kim YW. Characterization of a Galactosynthase Derived fromBacillus circulansβ-Galactosidase: Facile Synthesis ofD-Lacto- andD-Galacto-N-bioside. Chembiochem 2014; 15:522-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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