1
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Greßies S, Süße L, Casselman T, Stoltz BM. Tandem Dearomatization/Enantioselective Allylic Alkylation of Pyridines. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11907-11913. [PMID: 37212659 PMCID: PMC10251512 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a multistep one-pot reaction of substituted pyridines leading to N-protected tetrahydropyridines with outstanding enantioselectivity (up to 97% ee). An iridium(I)-catalyzed dearomative 1,2-hydrosilylation of pyridines enables the use of N-silyl enamines as a new type of nucleophile in a subsequent palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation. This telescoped process overcomes the intrinsic nucleophilic selectivity of pyridines to synthesize enantioenriched, C-3-substituted tetrahydropyridine products that have been otherwise challenging to access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Greßies
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger
Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Lars Süße
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger
Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Tyler Casselman
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger
Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger
Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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2
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Fu Z, Zhu J, Guo S, Lin A. Palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation dearomatization of β-naphthols and indoles with gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:1262-1265. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07529a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation dearomatization of β-naphthols and indoles with gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes has been developed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- P. R. China
| | - Jianping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- P. R. China
| | - Songjin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- P. R. China
| | - Aijun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- P. R. China
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3
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Rossi‐Ashton JA, Clarke AK, Donald JR, Zheng C, Taylor RJK, Unsworth WP, You S. Iridium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Intermolecular Indole C2-Allylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7598-7604. [PMID: 32091146 PMCID: PMC7217203 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective intermolecular C2-allylation of 3-substituted indoles is reported for the first time. This directing group-free approach relies on a chiral Ir-(P, olefin) complex and Mg(ClO4 )2 Lewis acid catalyst system to promote allylic substitution, providing the C2-allylated products in typically high yields (40-99 %) and enantioselectivities (83-99 % ee) with excellent regiocontrol. Experimental studies and DFT calculations suggest that the reaction proceeds via direct C2-allylation, rather than C3-allylation followed by in situ migration. Steric congestion at the indole-C3 position and improved π-π stacking interactions have been identified as major contributors to the C2-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences345 Lingling LuShanghai200032China
| | | | | | - Shu‐Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences345 Lingling LuShanghai200032China
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4
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Rossi‐Ashton JA, Clarke AK, Donald JR, Zheng C, Taylor RJK, Unsworth WP, You S. Iridium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Intermolecular Indole C2‐Allylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | | | | | - Shu‐Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
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5
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Ding L, Gao RD, You SL. Palladium(0)-Catalyzed Intermolecular Asymmetric Cascade Dearomatization Reaction of Indoles with Propargyl Carbonate. Chemistry 2019; 25:4330-4334. [PMID: 30694590 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
An intermolecular asymmetric cascade dearomatization reaction of indole derivatives with propargyl carbonate was developed. The challenges associated with both the chemoselectivity between the carbon and nitrogen nucleophile and the enantioselective control during the formation of an all-carbon quaternary stereogenic center were well addressed by a Pd catalytic system derived from the Feringa ligand. A series of enantioenriched multiply substituted fused indolenines were provided in good yields (71-86 %) with excellent enantioselectivity (91-96 % ee) and chemoselectivity (3/4>19:1 in most cases).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ding
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Run-Duo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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6
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Tu HF, Zhang X, Zheng C, Zhu M, You SL. Enantioselective dearomative prenylation of indole derivatives. Nat Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-018-0111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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7
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Cui L, Zhu G, Liu S, Bao X, Zhao X, Qu J, Wang B. Construction of indolenine-substituted spiro[pyrrolidine-2,3′-oxindoles] from 2-alkenylindolenines and isatin-derived azomethine ylides. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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8
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Gao RD, Ding L, Zheng C, Dai LX, You SL. Palladium(0)-Catalyzed Intermolecular Asymmetric Allylic Dearomatization of Polycyclic Indoles. Org Lett 2018; 20:748-751. [PMID: 29368933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An intermolecular Pd-catalyzed allylic dearomatization reaction of polycyclic indoles with substituted allylic carbonates was realized in the presence of a newly synthesized chiral phosphoramidite ligand. Various polycyclic indoline and indolenine derivatives were successfully synthesized in excellent yields (up to 99%) with excellent enantioselectivity (up to 98% ee). The obtained products could undergo versatile transformations, increasing the application potential of the method in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Duo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lu Ding
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University , 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li-Xin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University , 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
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9
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Zhu G, Liu S, Wu S, Peng L, Qu J, Wang B. Assembly of Indolenines, 3-Amino Oxindoles, and Aldehydes into Indolenine-Substituted Spiro[pyrrolidin-2,3′-oxindoles] via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition with Divergent Diastereoselectivities. J Org Chem 2017; 82:4317-4327. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Shiqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Lianghong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Jingping Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Baomin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
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10
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Yang Z, Zheng C, Huang L, Qian C, You S. Iridium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Asymmetric Allylic Dearomatization Reaction of Benzoxazoles, Benzothiazoles, and Benzimidazoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:1530-1534. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ze‐Peng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Lin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Chao Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Shu‐Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
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11
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Zhou Y, Xia ZL, Gu Q, You SL. Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Intramolecular Dearomative Michael Addition of Indoles to Enones. Org Lett 2017; 19:762-765. [PMID: 28145710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
An enantioselective intramolecular dearomative Michael addition of indolyl enones is presented. In the presence of catalytic amount of chiral phosphoric acid, various enantioenriched spiro-indolenines bearing a quaternary stereogenic center were obtained with good yields and enantioselectivity (up to 97% ee) under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zi-Lei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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12
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Yang ZP, Zheng C, Huang L, Qian C, You SL. Iridium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Asymmetric Allylic Dearomatization Reaction of Benzoxazoles, Benzothiazoles, and Benzimidazoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Peng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Lin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Chao Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
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13
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Zheng C, You SL. Catalytic Asymmetric Dearomatization by Transition-Metal Catalysis: A Method for Transformations of Aromatic Compounds. Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Gao RD, Xu QL, Dai LX, You SL. Pd-catalyzed cascade allylic alkylation and dearomatization reactions of indoles with vinyloxirane. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:8044-6. [PMID: 27511802 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01523a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have developed Pd-catalyzed intermolecular Friedel-Crafts-type allylic alkylation and allylic dearomatization reactions of substituted indoles bearing a nucleophilic group with vinyloxirane, providing an efficient method to synthesize structurally diverse tetrahydrocarboline and spiroindolenine derivatives under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Duo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China.
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15
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Zhang ZW, Xue H, Li H, Kang H, Feng J, Lin A, Liu S. Collective Synthesis of 3-Acylindoles, Indole-3-carboxylic Esters, Indole-3-sulfinic Acids, and 3-(Methylsulfonyl)indoles from Free (N-H) Indoles via Common N-Indolyl Triethylborate. Org Lett 2016; 18:3918-21. [PMID: 27457258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A general and direct C3 functionalization of free (N-H) indoles with readily available electrophiles such as acid chlorides, chloroformates, thionyl chloride, and methylsulfonyl chloride via a common N-indolyl triethylborate intermediate is reported. The reaction proceeds smoothly under mild conditions in up to 93% yield. Indoles with substituents at the C2, C4, C5, C6, and C7 positions are well tolerated. The easy accessibility of a variety of important 3-acylindoles, indole-3-carboxylic esters, indole-3-sulfinic acids, and 3-(methylsulfonyl)indoles demonstrates the high degree of compatibility and practicability of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, College of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science & Technology , Shijiazhuang 050018, P. R. China
| | - Hong Xue
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, College of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science & Technology , Shijiazhuang 050018, P. R. China
| | - Hailing Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, College of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science & Technology , Shijiazhuang 050018, P. R. China
| | - Huaiping Kang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, College of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science & Technology , Shijiazhuang 050018, P. R. China
| | - Juan Feng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, College of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science & Technology , Shijiazhuang 050018, P. R. China
| | - Aijun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Shouxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, College of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science & Technology , Shijiazhuang 050018, P. R. China
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16
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Gao S, Wu Z, Fang X, Lin A, Yao H. Palladium-Catalyzed Dearomative Allylic Alkylation of Indoles with Alkynes To Synthesize Indolenines with C3-Quarternary Centers. Org Lett 2016; 18:3906-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural
Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of
Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Zijun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural
Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of
Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural
Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of
Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Aijun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural
Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of
Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Hequan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural
Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of
Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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17
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Gao RD, Xu QL, Zhang B, Gu Y, Dai LX, You SL. Palladium(0)-Catalyzed Intermolecular Allylic Dearomatization of Indoles by a Formal [4+2] Cycloaddition Reaction. Chemistry 2016; 22:11601-4. [PMID: 27321285 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Bridged indoline derivatives were synthesized by an intermolecular Pd-catalyzed allylic dearomatization reaction of substituted indoles. The reaction between indoles and allyl carbonates bearing a nucleophilic alcohol side-chain proceeds in a cascade fashion, providing bridged indolines in excellent enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Duo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Long Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yiting Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Li-Xin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.
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18
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Wu QF, Zheng C, Zhuo CX, You SL. Highly efficient synthesis and stereoselective migration reactions of chiral five-membered aza-spiroindolenines: scope and mechanistic understanding. Chem Sci 2016; 7:4453-4459. [PMID: 30155093 PMCID: PMC6014299 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00176a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An Ir-catalyzed asymmetric synthesis of five-membered aza-spiroindolenines is achieved. Based on the detailed investigation of the reaction patterns of the aryl iminium migration, a one-pot asymmetric allylic dearomatization/migration sequence from racemic indole derivatives is realized, affording enantioenriched Pictet-Spengler-type products bearing an additional allylic stereogenic center adjacent to the C3 position of the indole core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Feng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , China . ; ; http://shuliyou.sioc.ac.cn/
| | - Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , China . ; ; http://shuliyou.sioc.ac.cn/
| | - Chun-Xiang Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , China . ; ; http://shuliyou.sioc.ac.cn/
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , China . ; ; http://shuliyou.sioc.ac.cn/
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19
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Zhang H, Hu RB, Liu N, Li SX, Yang SD. Dearomatization of Indoles via Palladium-Catalyzed Allylic C-H Activation. Org Lett 2015; 18:28-31. [PMID: 26673685 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The first Pd-catalyzed allylic dearomatization of substituted indoles triggered by C-H bond activation is reported. The presence of a catalytic amount of 2,5-DMBQ is proven to be a key factor for the high yield. This one-pot tandem allylic C-H activation/dearomatization sequence provides a straightforward access to 3,3-disubstituted indolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Rong-Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Shang-Dong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics , Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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20
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Yang ZP, Wu QF, Shao W, You SL. Iridium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Asymmetric Allylic Dearomatization Reaction of Pyridines, Pyrazines, Quinolines, and Isoquinolines. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:15899-906. [PMID: 26605697 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b10440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The first Ir-catalyzed intramolecular asymmetric allylic dearomatization reaction of pyridines, pyrazines, quinolines, and isoquinolines has been developed. Enabled by in situ formed chiral Ir-catalyst, the dearomatized products were isolated in high levels of yield (up to 99% yield) and enantioselectivity (up to 99% ee). It is worth noting that the Me-THQphos ligand is much more efficient than other tested ligands for the dearomatization of pyrazines and certain quinolines. Mechanistic studies of the dearomatization reaction were carried out, and the results suggest the feasibility of an alternative process which features the formation of a quinolinium as the key intermediate. The mechanistic findings render this reaction a yet unknown type in the chemistry of Reissert-type reactions. In addition, the utility of this method was showcased by a large-scale reaction and formal synthesis of (+)-gephyrotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Peng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qing-Feng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wen Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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Huehls CB, Huang J, Yang J. Diastereoselective synthesis of pyrroloindolines using α,β-unsaturated N-aryl ketonitrones and activated alkynes. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Nibbs AE, Montgomery TD, Zhu Y, Rawal VH. Access to Spirocyclized Oxindoles and Indolenines via Palladium-Catalyzed Cascade Reactions of Propargyl Carbonates with 2-Oxotryptamines and Tryptamines. J Org Chem 2015; 80:4928-41. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoinette E. Nibbs
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Thomas D. Montgomery
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Viresh H. Rawal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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Drouhin P, Taylor RJK. A Copper-Mediated Oxidative Coupling Route to 3H- and 1H-Indoles fromN-Aryl-enamines. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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24
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Liu C, Yin Q, Dai LX, You SL. Synthesis of pyrroloindolines and furoindolines via cascade dearomatization of indole derivatives with carbenium ion. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:5971-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00780a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Intermolecular cascade dearomatization of substituted indoles with benzodithiolylium tetrafluoroborate has been developed, providing C3 methyl-substituted pyrroloindolines and furoindolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Qin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Li-Xin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
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Ruchti J, Carreira EM. Ir-catalyzed reverse prenylation of 3-substituted indoles: total synthesis of (+)-aszonalenin and (-)-brevicompanine B. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:16756-9. [PMID: 25365411 DOI: 10.1021/ja509893s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The selective reverse prenylation of 3-substituted-1H-indoles at C3 is described. The iridium-catalyzed reaction proceeds with high branched to linear selectivity (>20:1) for a variety of indoles. In addition, a diastereoselective reverse prenylation of tryptophan methyl ester is disclosed, and its synthetic utility is demonstrated in the synthesis of (+)-aszonalenin and (-)-brevicompanine B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Ruchti
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich , 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Zheng C, Zhuo CX, You SL. Mechanistic insights into the Pd-catalyzed intermolecular asymmetric allylic dearomatization of multisubstituted pyrroles: understanding the remarkable regio- and enantioselectivity. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:16251-9. [PMID: 25339156 DOI: 10.1021/ja5080135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this article we report a comprehensive density functional theory study on the Pd-catalyzed intermolecular asymmetric allylic dearomatization reactions of multisubstituted pyrroles. The calculated results are in line with the previous experimental observations (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 6590), and the remarkable regio- and enantioselectivity are well explained. Of all the potential nucleophilic sites around the multisubstituted pyrrole ring, the reaction always occurs at the position where the HOMO of the molecule distributes most significantly. In contrast to the common view on the enantioselectivity of the Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution reactions, we find that the steric interaction between the nucleophile and the chiral ligand does not have the dominating effect on the enantioselectivity of the reaction. Instead, the interaction between the allyl moiety and the incoming nucleophile plays an important role in the enantioselectivity-determining process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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Zhuo CX, Zheng C, You SL. Transition-metal-catalyzed asymmetric allylic dearomatization reactions. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:2558-73. [PMID: 24940612 DOI: 10.1021/ar500167f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 645] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dearomatization reactions serve as powerful methods for the synthesis of highly functionalized, three-dimensional structures starting with simple planar aromatic compounds. Among processes of this type, catalytic asymmetric dearomatization (CADA) reactions are attractive owing to the large number of aromatic compounds that are readily available and the fact that they enable direct access to enantiopure polycycles and spirocycles, which frequently are key structural motifs in biologically active natural products and pharmaceuticals. However, as a consequence of their high stabilities, arenes only difficultly participate in dearomatization reactions that take place with high levels of enantioselectivity. Transition-metal-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution reactions have been demonstrated to be powerful methods for enantioselective formation of C-C and C-X (X = O, N, S, etc.) bonds. However, the scope of these processes has been explored mainly using soft carbon nucleophiles, some hard carbon nucleophiles such as enolates and preformed organometallic reagents, and heteroatom nucleophiles. Readily accessible aromatic compounds have been only rarely used directly as nucleophiles in these reactions. In this Account, we present the results of studies we have conducted aimed at the development of transition-metal-catalyzed asymmetric allylic dearomatization reactions. By utilizing this general process, we have devised methods for direct dearomatization of indoles, pyrroles, phenols, naphthols, pyridines, and pyrazines, which produce various highly functionalized structural motifs bearing all-carbon quaternary stereogenic centers in a straightforward manner. In mechanistic investigations of the dearomatization process, we found that the five-membered spiroindolenines serve as intermediates, which readily undergo stereospecific allylic migration to form corresponding tetrahydro-1H-carbazoles upon treatment with a catalytic amount of TsOH. It is worth noting that no notable loss of the enantiomeric excess of the spiroindolenine derivatives takes place during the rearrangement process as a consequence of the intervention of a "three-center-two-electron"-type transition state, a proposal that has gained support from the results of DFT calculations. Equally intriguing, upon tuning of the electronic nature of the tethers, pyrroles or indoles undergo unprecedented Ir or Ru catalyzed intramolecular allylic alkylation promoted dearomatization/migration reactions. The operation of this novel reaction pathway provides additional information leading to a greater mechanistic understanding of the transition-metal-catalyzed enantioselective intramolecular functionalizations of pyrroles and indoles. The combined results of this effort provide not only methods for the efficient synthesis of highly enantioenriched fused and spiro polycycles but also novel strategies in the field of asymmetric catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xiang Zhuo
- State Key
Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- State Key
Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key
Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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28
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Gao RD, Liu C, Dai LX, Zhang W, You SL. Pd(0)-Catalyzed Alkenylation and Allylic Dearomatization Reactions between Nucleophile-Bearing Indoles and Propargyl Carbonate. Org Lett 2014; 16:3919-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ol501704q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Run-Duo Gao
- State Key
Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- State Key
Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li-Xin Dai
- State Key
Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key
Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key
Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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