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Wesp T, Bruckhoff T, Wadepohl H, Gade LH. Peri-Decoration of a Tetraazaperylene with Urea Units: Chiral Octaazaperopyrenedioxides (OAPPDOs) and Their Optical and Chiroptical Properties. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201706. [PMID: 35758597 PMCID: PMC9796452 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Octaazaperopyrenedioxides (OAPPDOs) are a new class of fluorescent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons based on a tetraazaperylene core that is formally condensed with N-substituted urea units in the two opposite peri positions. Here, we report the synthesis of series of substituted OAPPDO derivatives with different N-substitution patterns (H, alkyl, benzyl) in the peri positions, including bay-chlorinated OAPPDOs. Starting from the latter, a series of bay-arylated OAPPDOs was synthesized by Suzuki cross coupling, which resulted in the formation of helically chiral OAPPDO derivatives. The electrochemical and photophysical properties were investigated by UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy as well as cyclic voltammetry. The P and M enantiomers of a phenylated OAPPDO were separated by semipreparative HPLC and further analyzed by CD spectroscopy. The frontier orbital energies, the mechanism of the isomerization, the electronic excitation and the CD spectrum (TD-DFT) were computed and compared to the experimental data. The reversible 1e- oxidation of the OAPPDOs generates the corresponding radical cations, one of which was characterized by EPR spectroscopy. The reversible oxidation process was also systematically investigated by spectro-electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wesp
- Anorganisch-Chemisches-InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Tim Bruckhoff
- Anorganisch-Chemisches-InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches-InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Lutz H. Gade
- Anorganisch-Chemisches-InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
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Günther BAR, Höfener S, Zschieschang U, Wadepohl H, Klauk H, Gade LH. Twisting the TAPPs: Bay-Substituted Non-planar Tetraazapero-pyrenes and their Reduced Anions. Chemistry 2019; 25:14669-14678. [PMID: 31529719 PMCID: PMC7687186 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A new synthesis of tetraazaperopyrenes (TAPPs) starting from a halogenated perylene derivative 3,4,9,10- tetrabromo-1,6,7,12-tetrachloroperylene (1) gave access to bay-substituted TAPPs for the first time. Selective lithiation of the bromine-positions and subsequent addition of tosyl azide led to the formation of the tetraazidotetrachloroperylene (2), which was subsequently reduced by addition of sodium borohydride to the corresponding tetraaminotetrachloroperylene (3). Oxidation to its semiquinoidal form 4 and subsequent cyclization with acid chlorides gave rise to a series of bay-chlorinated TAPPs. Whereas the aromatic core of the previously studied ortho-substituted TAPPs was found to be planar, the steric pressure of the two chlorine substituents on each side leads to the twist of the peropyrene core of approximately 30 degrees, a structural feature also observed in other bay-substituted perylene derivatives. An experimental and computational analysis reveals that introducing chloride substituents at these positions leads to slightly increased electron affinities (EA) enabling the selective generation and characterization of the reduced mono-anionic radicals and closed shell di-anionic species. These anions were isolated and characterized by UV/Vis spectroscopy and EPR or NMR, respectively. Processing of the bay-chlorinated TAPPs in n-channel organic TFTs revealed electron mobilities of 0.001 to 0.003 cm2 V-1 s-1 . These reduced electron mobilities compared to the ortho-halogenated TAPPs are thought to be rooted in the less densely packed solid-state structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. R. Günther
- Anorganisch-Chemisches-InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Sebastian Höfener
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) P.O. Box 698076049KarlsruheGermany
| | - Ute Zschieschang
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State ResearchHeisenbergstr. 170569StuttgartGermany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches-InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Hagen Klauk
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State ResearchHeisenbergstr. 170569StuttgartGermany
| | - Lutz H. Gade
- Anorganisch-Chemisches-InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
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Luo Y, Yuan C, Xu J, Li Y, Liu H, Semin S, Rasing T, Yang W, Li Y. Controlling the Growth of Molecular Crystal Aggregates with Distinct Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:30862-30871. [PMID: 28836426 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b10109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two novel donor-acceptor molecules, 2,7-diphenylbenzo[1,2-b:4,3-b']difuran-4,5-dicarbonitrile and 2,7-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)benzo[1,2-b:4,3-b']difuran-4,5-dicarbonitrile containing cyano group as the electron acceptor, were synthesized. Their single-crystal structures, molecular packing, and self-assembly behaviors were also investigated. By simple solvent evaporation techniques, these compounds self-assemble into various low-dimensional microstructures that demonstrate distinctive nonlinear optical properties depending on the orientations of their transition dipoles. This study highlights the importance of the transition dipole moment in the construction of low-dimensional molecular materials with highly efficient nonlinear optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusen Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Supramolecular Structures and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Chunqing Yuan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jialiang Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yongjun Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Huibiao Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Sergey Semin
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM), Radboud University , Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Theo Rasing
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM), Radboud University , Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wensheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Supramolecular Structures and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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Wang K, Guo Z, Zhang L, Sun K, Yu P, Zhou S, Wang W, Li Z. Co-assembly of donor and acceptor towards organogels tuned by charge transfer interaction strength. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:1948-1955. [PMID: 28177029 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm02691e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Co-assembly of n-type semiconductors NDI and PDI with p-type pyrene derivatives resulted in the formation of stable organogels, which was induced by the strong charge transfer (CT) interactions between acceptors and donors in chloroform. The dimension size of the aromatic core from the acceptors was found to have a significant impact on the organogels. The width of the fibers from CT gels with NDI is about twice that from gels with PDI. It was found that the acceptor NDI preferred an alternate stacking with donors, intercalated with each other via CT interactions. In contrast, the acceptor PDI preferred to stack among themselves within the assemblies and this arose from the stronger π-π interactions because they had larger aromatic cores than the acceptor NDI. The dimension size of the aromatic core has been proved to have a significant impact on the organogels. The substituent impact of the donors was also studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology (QUST), Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Zongxia Guo
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology (QUST), Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Kai Sun
- Department Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ping Yu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology (QUST), Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Shenghua Zhou
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology (QUST), Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Wenpin Wang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology (QUST), Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Zhibo Li
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology (QUST), Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
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