1
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Zhang Y, Vanderghinste J, Wang J, Das S. Challenges and recent advancements in the synthesis of α,α-disubstituted α-amino acids. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1474. [PMID: 38368416 PMCID: PMC10874380 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45790-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
α,α-Disubstituted α-amino acids (α-AAs) have improved properties compared to other types of amino acids. They serve as modifiers of peptide conformation and as precursors of bioactive compounds. Therefore, it has been a long-standing goal to construct this highly valuable scaffold efficiently in organic synthesis and drug discovery. However, access to α,α-disubstituted α-AAs is highly challenging and largely unexplored due to their steric constraints. To overcome these, remarkable advances have been made in the last decades. Emerging strategies such as synergistic enantioselective catalysis, visible-light-mediated photocatalysis, metal-free methodologies and CO2 fixation offer new avenues to access the challenging synthesis of α,α-disubstituted α-AAs and continuously bring additional contributions to this field. This review article aims to provide an overview of the recent advancements since 2015 and discuss existing challenges for the synthesis of α,α-disubstituted α-AAs and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, 201203, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium.
| | - Jaro Vanderghinste
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Jinxin Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Shoubhik Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
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2
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Gil-Ordóñez M, Martín L, Maestro A, Andrés JM. Organocatalytic asymmetric synthesis of oxazolidino spiropyrazolinones via N, O-acetalization/aza Michael addition domino reaction between N-Boc pyrazolinone ketimines and γ-hydroxyenones. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2361-2369. [PMID: 36847380 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02290g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
A squaramide-catalyzed asymmetric N,O-acetalization/aza Michael addition domino reaction between N-Boc ketimines derived from pyrazolin-5-ones and γ-hydroxyenones has been developed for the construction of pyrazolinone embedded spirooxazolidines. A hydroquinine derived bifunctional squaramide catalyst was found to be the most effective for this cascade spiroannulation. This new protocol allows the generation of two stereocenters and the desired products are obtained in good yields with moderate to good diastereoselectivities (up to 3.3 : 1 dr) and high enantioselectivities (up to >99% ee) from a range of substituted N-Boc pyrazolinone ketimines and γ-hydroxyenones. The developed protocol is amenable for a scale-up reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gil-Ordóñez
- GIR-SintACat-Instituto Universitario CINQUIMA y Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Laura Martín
- GIR-SintACat-Instituto Universitario CINQUIMA y Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Alicia Maestro
- GIR-SintACat-Instituto Universitario CINQUIMA y Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - José M Andrés
- GIR-SintACat-Instituto Universitario CINQUIMA y Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
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3
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Torregrosa-Chinillach A, Carral-Menoyo A, Gómez-Bengoa E, Chinchilla R. Organocatalytic Enantioselective α-Nitrogenation of α,α-Disubstituted Aldehydes in the Absence of a Solvent. J Org Chem 2022; 87:14507-14513. [PMID: 36283071 PMCID: PMC9639010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A highly efficient enantioselective α-nitrogenation method of α,α-disubstituted aldehydes with azodicarboxylates promoted by a chiral carbamate-monoprotected cyclohexa-1,2-diamine as organocatalyst has been developed. The process was carried out without any solvent, and the corresponding α,α-disubstituted α-nitrogenated aldehydes were obtained with excellent yields and enantioselectivities up to 99% ee. The sustainability of the procedure was established through the calculation of green metrics, such as EcoScale and E-factor. In addition, theoretical calculations have been used to justify the obtained enantioselectivity sense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Torregrosa-Chinillach
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Institute of Organic Synthesis (ISO), University of Alicante, PO Box 99, Alicante 03080, Spain
| | - Asier Carral-Menoyo
- Department
of Organic Chemistry I, University of the
Basque Country UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Bengoa
- Department
of Organic Chemistry I, University of the
Basque Country UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain,
| | - Rafael Chinchilla
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Institute of Organic Synthesis (ISO), University of Alicante, PO Box 99, Alicante 03080, Spain,
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4
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Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Ketones to Maleimides Organocatalyzed by a Chiral Primary Amine-Salicylamide. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196668. [PMID: 36235205 PMCID: PMC9573004 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Enantioenriched substituted succinimides are interesting compounds, and their asymmetric organocatalytic synthesis by the conjugated addition of ketones to maleimides has been scarcely explored. This study shows the enantioselective conjugate addition of ketones to maleimides organocatalyzed by a simple primary amine-salicylamide derived from a chiral trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine, which provides the desired succinimides in good to excellent yields (up to 98%) and with moderate to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99%).
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5
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Shim JH, Cheun SH, Kim HS, Ha DC. Enantioselective Organocatalyzed Michael Addition of Isobutyraldehyde to Maleimides in Aqueous Media. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092759. [PMID: 35566109 PMCID: PMC9101813 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thiourea was introduced into (R,R)-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine as an organocatalyst to promote the reaction between isobutyraldehydes and maleimides. Enantioselective Michael addition reaction was carried out as an eco-friendly method using water as the solvent. As a result of the reaction between isobutyraldehyde and maleimide, ≥97% yield and 99% enantioselectivity were obtained at a low catalyst loading of 0.01 mol%. The solvent effect can be explained by theoretical calculations that indicate the participation of a transition state, in which the CF3 substituent of the catalyst is a hydrogen bond activated by the surrounding water molecules. This discovery enabled the use of low catalyst loading in the organic reactions of chiral substances for pharmaceutical applications. Furthermore, a solvent effect for Michael reaction of the organocatalysts was proposed, and the organic reaction mechanisms were determined through quantum calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Ho Shim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02481, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2286-1125
| | - Seok Hyun Cheun
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seoul 02481, Korea; (S.H.C.); (D.-C.H.)
| | - Hyeon Soo Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02481, Korea;
| | - Deok-Chan Ha
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seoul 02481, Korea; (S.H.C.); (D.-C.H.)
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6
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Landeros JM, Cruz‐Hernández C, Juaristi E. α‐Amino Acids and α,β‐Dipeptides Intercalated into Hydrotalcite: Efficient Catalysts in the Asymmetric Michael Addition Reaction of Aldehydes to
N
‐Substituted Maleimides. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José M. Landeros
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Instituto Politécnico Nacional Avenida IPN #2508 07360 Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Carlos Cruz‐Hernández
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Instituto Politécnico Nacional Avenida IPN #2508 07360 Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Eusebio Juaristi
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Instituto Politécnico Nacional Avenida IPN #2508 07360 Ciudad de México Mexico
- El Colegio Nacional Luis González Obregón 23, Centro Histórico 06020 Ciudad de México Mexico
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7
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Han Z, Liu G, Yang X, Dong XQ, Zhang X. Enantiodivergent Synthesis of Chiral Tetrahydroquinoline Derivatives via Ir-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation: Solvent-Dependent Enantioselective Control and Mechanistic Investigations. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Han
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Gang Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xuanliang Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Qin Dong
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Wuhan University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xumu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
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8
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Alonso DA, Burlingham S, Chinchilla R, Guillena G, Ramón DJ, Tiecco M. Asymmetric Organocatalysis in Deep Eutectic Solvents. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego A. Alonso
- Organic Chemistry Department and Organic Synthesis Institute Alicante University P.O. Box 99 03080 Alicante Spain
| | - Sarah‐Jayne Burlingham
- Organic Chemistry Department and Organic Synthesis Institute Alicante University P.O. Box 99 03080 Alicante Spain
| | - Rafael Chinchilla
- Organic Chemistry Department and Organic Synthesis Institute Alicante University P.O. Box 99 03080 Alicante Spain
| | - Gabriela Guillena
- Organic Chemistry Department and Organic Synthesis Institute Alicante University P.O. Box 99 03080 Alicante Spain
| | - Diego J. Ramón
- Organic Chemistry Department and Organic Synthesis Institute Alicante University P.O. Box 99 03080 Alicante Spain
| | - Matteo Tiecco
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology Università degli Studi di Perugia Via Elce di Sotto 8 06124 Perugia Italy
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9
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Fanjul-Mosteirín N, del Amo V. Organocatalytic transformations in deep eutectic solvents: Green methodologies made greener. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.131967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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10
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Wang J, Zheng XZ, Xiao JA, Chen K, Xiang HY, Chen XQ, Yang H. Enantioselectivity-Switchable Organocatalytic [4 + 2]-Annulation to Access the Spirooxindole–Norcamphor Scaffold. Org Lett 2021; 23:963-968. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xian-Zhou Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jun-An Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel A. Strauss
- Institut für Organische Chemie Justus-Liebig Universität Gießen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Gießen Deutschland
- Zentrum für Materialforschung (LaMa) Justus-Liebig Universität Gießen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 35392 Gießen Deutschland
| | - Hermann A. Wegner
- Institut für Organische Chemie Justus-Liebig Universität Gießen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Gießen Deutschland
- Zentrum für Materialforschung (LaMa) Justus-Liebig Universität Gießen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 35392 Gießen Deutschland
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12
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Abstract
The importance of London dispersion interactions in solution is an ongoing debate. Although the significance of dispersion for structure and stability is widely accepted, the degree of its attenuation in solution is still not properly understood. Quantitative evaluations are derived mostly from computations. Experimental data provide guidelines to include London dispersion in solution phase design. Herein, dispersive interactions were examined with an azobenzene probe. Alkyl substituents in meta positions of the azobenzene core were systematically varied and the effect on the half-lives for the thermally induced Z to E isomerization in several alkane solvents was determined. The results show that intramolecular dispersion is only marginally influenced. In solvents with low surface tension, reduced destabilizing solvent-solvent interactions increase the half-life up to 20 %. Specific individual interactions between alkyl chains on the azobenzene and those of the solvent lead to additional fluctuations of the half-lives. These presumably result from structural changes of the conformer ensemble.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel A. Strauss
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJustus Liebig University GiessenHeinrich-Buff-Ring 1735392GiessenGermany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa)Justus Liebig University GiessenHeinrich-Buff-Ring 1635392GiessenGermany
| | - Hermann A. Wegner
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJustus Liebig University GiessenHeinrich-Buff-Ring 1735392GiessenGermany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa)Justus Liebig University GiessenHeinrich-Buff-Ring 1635392GiessenGermany
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13
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14
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Du ZH, Qin WJ, Tao BX, Yuan M, Da CS. N-Primary-amine tetrapeptide-catalyzed highly asymmetric Michael addition of aliphatic aldehydes to maleimides. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6899-6904. [PMID: 32856662 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01457e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
The highly asymmetric Michael addition reaction between maleimides and aliphatic aldehydes catalyzed by low-loading β-turn tetrapeptides with excellent yields and enantioselectivities at room temperature was reported. α-Branched and α-unbranched aldehydes both are suitable nucleophiles. N-Aryl, alkyl and hydrogen maleimides all are well tolerated and led to high yields and enantioselectivities. The transformation can be enlarged to the gram scale without decrease in the yield and enantioselectivity. Furthermore, the succinimides were converted into γ-lactams and γ-lactones, showing good practicality of this work. Some reaction intermediates in the proposed reaction mechanism can be captured with the HR-MS method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hong Du
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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15
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Krištofíková D, Modrocká V, Mečiarová M, Šebesta R. Green Asymmetric Organocatalysis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:2828-2858. [PMID: 32141177 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric organocatalysis is becoming one of the main tools for the synthesis of chiral compounds that are needed as medicines, crop protection agents, and other bioactive molecules. It can be effectively combined with various green chemistry methodologies. Intensification techniques, such as ball milling, flow, high pressure, or light, bring not only higher yields, faster reactions, and easier product isolation, but also new reactivities. More sustainable reaction media, such as ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, green solvent alternatives, and water, also considerably enhance the sustainability profile of many organocatalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Krištofíková
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Viktória Modrocká
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mária Mečiarová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Radovan Šebesta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
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16
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Chang C, Sathishkumar N, Liao Y, Chen H, Han J. Solvent‐Dependent Enantiodivergent Friedel‐Crafts Reaction of Arylsulfonyl Indoles with 1‐Naphthols. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia‐Hao Chang
- Department of Chemistry and R&D Center for Membrane TechnologyChung Yuan Christian University 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung Li District Taoyuan City 32023 Taiwan
| | - Nadaraj Sathishkumar
- Department of Chemistry and R&D Center for Membrane TechnologyChung Yuan Christian University 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung Li District Taoyuan City 32023 Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Ting Liao
- Department of Chemistry and R&D Center for Membrane TechnologyChung Yuan Christian University 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung Li District Taoyuan City 32023 Taiwan
| | - Hsin‐Tsung Chen
- Department of Chemistry and R&D Center for Membrane TechnologyChung Yuan Christian University 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung Li District Taoyuan City 32023 Taiwan
| | - Jeng‐Liang Han
- Department of ChemistryNational Chung Hsing University 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist. Taichung City 402 Taiwan
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17
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Vazquez-Chavez J, Luna-Morales S, Cruz-Aguilar DA, Díaz-Salazar H, Vallejo Narváez WE, Silva-Gutiérrez RS, Hernández-Ortega S, Rocha-Rinza T, Hernández-Rodríguez M. The effect of chiral N-substituents with methyl or trifluoromethyl groups on the catalytic performance of mono- and bifunctional thioureas. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:10045-10051. [PMID: 31746909 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01893j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated thiourea organocatalysts that incorporate a chiral group which includes a trifluoromethyl moiety and contrasted their performance with non-fluorinated analogs. The comparison between such systems allows the direct study of the NH acidity of a thiourea bonded to an aliphatic substituent. In principle, -CF3 systems feature an enhanced hydrogen bond (HB) donor capacity that is undoubtedly beneficial for HB-catalysis applied to the Baylis-Hillman reaction. We found that the thiourea substituted on both nitrogens with this group accelerates this reaction like Schreiner's thiourea. On the other hand, we observed a different behavior in reactions promoted by bifunctional catalysts (thiourea-primary amine). In the Michael addition of isobutyraldehyde to methyl benzylidenepyruvate, the -CF3 containing catalysts were better than the -CH3 systems, whereas the conjugate addition to N-phenylmaleimide showed the opposite behavior. Theoretical calculations of the transition states indicated that the phenylethyl group in fluorinated and non-fluorinated compounds have different kinds of interactions with the electrophile. These interactions are responsible for a different arrangement of the electrophile and thereby the selectivity of the catalyst. Therefore, it cannot be generalized that in all cases NH acidity correlates with the performance of the catalyst, particularly, with aliphatic substituents that unlike the aromatic ones possess groups that are outside the plane of the thiourea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué Vazquez-Chavez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, C. P. 04510, Cd. Mx., México.
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18
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Dendrimeric α,β-dipeptidic conjugates as organocatalysts in the asymmetric Michael addition reaction of isobutyraldehyde to N-phenylmaleimides. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-018-2338-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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Torregrosa-Chinillach A, Moragues A, Pérez-Furundarena H, Chinchilla R, Gómez-Bengoa E, Guillena G. Enantioselective Michael Addition of Aldehydes to Maleimides Organocatalyzed by a Chiral Primary Amine-Salicylamide. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123299. [PMID: 30545145 PMCID: PMC6320823 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A primary amine-salicylamide derived from chiral trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine was used as an organocatalyst for the enantioselective conjugate addition of aldehydes, mainly α,α-disubstituted to N-substituted maleimides. The reaction was performed in toluene as a solvent at room temperature. The corresponding enantioenriched adducts were obtained with high yields and enantioselectivities up to 94%. Theoretical calculations were used to justify the stereoinduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Torregrosa-Chinillach
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), Uni-versidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Adrien Moragues
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), Uni-versidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Haritz Pérez-Furundarena
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco, Apdo. 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Rafael Chinchilla
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), Uni-versidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Enrique Gómez-Bengoa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco, Apdo. 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Gabriela Guillena
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), Uni-versidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
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20
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Roszkowski P, Maurin JK, Czarnocki Z. (-)-Menthol as a source of new N,N-diamine ligands for asymmetric transfer hydrogenation. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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21
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Abstract
This review covers diastereo- and enantiodivergent catalyzed reactions in acyclic and cyclic systems using metal complexes or organocatalysts. Among them, nucleophilic addition to carbon-carbon and carbon-nitrogen double bonds, α-functionalization of carbonyl compounds, allylic substitutions, and ring opening of oxiranes and aziridines are considered. The diastereodivergent synthesis of alkenes from alkynes is also included. Finally, stereodivergent intramolecular and intermolecular cycloadditions and other cyclizations are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina P Beletskaya
- Chemistry Department , M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory 1 , 119992 Moscow , Russia
| | - Carmen Nájera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) , Universidad de Alicante , Apdo. 99 , E-03080 Alicante , Spain
| | - Miguel Yus
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) , Universidad de Alicante , Apdo. 99 , E-03080 Alicante , Spain
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22
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Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of α,α-Disubstituted Aldehydes to Nitroalkenes Organocatalyzed by Chiral Monosalicylamides from trans-Cyclohexane-1,2-Diamines. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23010141. [PMID: 29324713 PMCID: PMC6017890 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary amine-salicylamides derived from chiral trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diamines are used as organocatalysts for the enantioselective conjugate addition of α,α-disubstituted aldehydes to arylated and heteroarylated nitroalkenes. The reaction is performed in the presence of 4-dimethylaminopyridine as an additive in dichloromethane as a solvent at room temperature. The corresponding enantioenriched γ-nitroaldehydes are obtained with enantioselectivities up to 95%. Theoretical calculations are used to justify the reasons of the stereoinduction.
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23
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Illa O, Porcar-Tost O, Robledillo C, Elvira C, Nolis P, Reiser O, Branchadell V, Ortuño RM. Stereoselectivity of Proline/Cyclobutane Amino Acid-Containing Peptide Organocatalysts for Asymmetric Aldol Additions: A Rationale. J Org Chem 2017; 83:350-363. [PMID: 29186658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Several α,β,α- or α,γ,α-tripeptides, consisting of a central cyclobutane β- or γ-amino acid being flanked by two d- or l-proline residues, have been synthesized and tested as organocatalysts in asymmetric aldol additions. High yields and enantioselectivities have been achieved with α,γ,α-tripeptides, being superior to peptides containing a cyclobutane β-amino acid residue. This is probably due to their high rigidity, which hinders some of the peptide catalysts to adopt the proper active conformation. This reasoning correlates with the major conformation of the peptides in the ground state, as suggested by 1H NMR and computational calculations. The configuration of the aldol products is controlled by the proline chirality, and consequently, the R/S configuration of aldol products can be tuned by the use of either commercially available d- or l-proline. The enantioselectivity in the aldol reactions is reversed if the reactions are carried out in the presence of water or other protic solvents such as methanol. Spectroscopic and theoretical investigations revealed that this effect is not the consequence of conformational changes in the catalyst but rather caused by the participation of a water molecule in the rate determining transition state, in such a way that the preferential nucleophilic attack is oriented to the opposite enantiotopic aldehyde face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ona Illa
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Oriol Porcar-Tost
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Carme Robledillo
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Carlos Elvira
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Pau Nolis
- Servei de Ressonància Magnètica Nuclear, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg , Universitätsstr. 31, 95053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Vicenç Branchadell
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Rosa M Ortuño
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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24
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Highly enantioselective Michael addition of α,α-disubstituted aldehydes to maleimides catalyzed by new primary amine-squaramide bifunctional organocatalysts. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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25
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Nakano Y, Sakaguchi S. Inversions in asymmetric conjugate addition reaction of cyclic enones catalyzed by the Cu/NHC-AgX system: Factors affecting the stereoselective formation of both enantiomers. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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26
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Kochetkov SV, Kucherenko AS, Zlotin SG. Asymmetric Michael addition of aldehydes to maleimides in primary amine-based aqueous ionic liquid-supported recyclable catalytic system. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Nugent TC, Hussein HAED, Ahmed S, Najafian FT, Hussain I, Georgiev T, Aljoumhawy MK. Carboxylate Salt Bridge-Mediated Enamine Catalysis: Expanded Michael Reaction Substrate Scope and Facile Access to Antidepressant (R)-Pristiq. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C. Nugent
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry; Jacobs University Bremen; Campus Ring 1 28759 Bremen Germany
| | | | - Shahzad Ahmed
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry; Jacobs University Bremen; Campus Ring 1 28759 Bremen Germany
| | - Foad Tehrani Najafian
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry; Jacobs University Bremen; Campus Ring 1 28759 Bremen Germany
| | - Ishtiaq Hussain
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry; Jacobs University Bremen; Campus Ring 1 28759 Bremen Germany
| | - Tony Georgiev
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry; Jacobs University Bremen; Campus Ring 1 28759 Bremen Germany
| | - Mahmoud Khalaf Aljoumhawy
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry; Jacobs University Bremen; Campus Ring 1 28759 Bremen Germany
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28
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Avila-Ortiz CG, Díaz-Corona L, Jiménez-González E, Juaristi E. Asymmetric Michael Addition Organocatalyzed by α,β-Dipeptides under Solvent-Free Reaction Conditions. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22081328. [PMID: 28796165 PMCID: PMC6152315 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of six novel α,β-dipeptides as chiral organocatalysts in the asymmetric Michael addition reaction between enolizable aldehydes and N-arylmaleimides or nitroolefins is described. With N-arylmaleimides as substrates, the best results were achieved with dipeptide 2 as a catalyst in the presence of aq. NaOH. Whereas dipeptides 4 and 6 in conjunction with 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and thiourea as a hydrogen bond donor proved to be highly efficient organocatalytic systems in the enantioselective reaction between isobutyraldehyde and various nitroolefins.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gabriela Avila-Ortiz
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Avenida IPN 2508, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico.
| | - Lenin Díaz-Corona
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Avenida IPN 2508, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico.
| | - Erika Jiménez-González
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Avenida IPN 2508, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico.
| | - Eusebio Juaristi
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Avenida IPN 2508, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico.
- El Colegio Nacional, Luis González Obregón 23, Centro Histórico, Ciudad de México 06020, Mexico.
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29
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Flores-Ferrándiz J, Chinchilla R. Organocatalytic enantioselective conjugate addition of aldehydes to maleimides in deep eutectic solvents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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30
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Stereoselective conjugate addition of carbonyl compounds to maleimides using a diaminomethyleneindenedione organocatalyst. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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31
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Jaklińska M, Cordier M, Stankevič M. Stereoselectivity of Michael Addition of P(X)–H-Type Nucleophiles to Cyclohexen-1-ylphosphine Oxide: The Case of Base-Selective Transformation. J Org Chem 2016; 81:1378-90. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Jaklińska
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Marie Curie-Sklodowska University, Gliniana 33, 20-614 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marie Cordier
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 9168 - CNRS, École Polytechnique, Route de Saclay, Palaiseau 91128 Cedex, France
| | - Marek Stankevič
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Marie Curie-Sklodowska University, Gliniana 33, 20-614 Lublin, Poland
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32
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Organocatalytic Asymmetric α-Chlorination of 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds Catalyzed by 2-Aminobenzimidazole Derivatives. Symmetry (Basel) 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/sym8010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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33
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Zhao BL, Zhang D, Liu L, Du DM. Organocatalytic asymmetric Michael addition of α-alkylidene succinimides to nitrostyrenes. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:6337-45. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00711b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A squaramide-catalyzed asymmetric Michael addition of α-alkylidene succinimides to nitrostyrenes for the synthesis of chiral succinimide derivatives was described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Liang Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxiang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Ming Du
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- People's Republic of China
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34
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Enantioselective addition of aryl ketones and acetone to nitroalkenes organocatalyzed by carbamate-monoprotected cyclohexa-1,2-diamines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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