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Klásek A, Kafka S, Rudolf O, Lyčka A, Rouchal M, Bednář L. Reaction of Tertiary 2-Chloroketones with Cyanide Ions: Application to 3-Chloroquinolinediones. ChemistryOpen 2021; 10:645-652. [PMID: 34126002 PMCID: PMC8202728 DOI: 10.1002/open.202100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
3-Chloroquinoline-2,4-diones react with cyanide ions in dimethyl formamide to give 3-cyanoquinoline-2,4-diones in small yields due to the strong hindrance of the substituent at the C-3 atom. Good yields can be achieved if the substituent at this position is the methyl group. In the methanol solution, the reaction proceeds by an addition mechanism to form 2-oxo-1a,2,3,7b-tetrahydrooxireno[2,3-c]quinoline-7b-carbonitriles, from which 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-carbonitriles are subsequently formed by opening of the epoxide ring with methanol. Some minor products of these reactions have also been isolated. The 1 H, 13 C and 15 N NMR spectra of the prepared compounds were measured, and all resonances were assigned using appropriate two-dimensional spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonín Klásek
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of TechnologyTomas Bata UniversityVavrečkova 275760 01ZlínCzech Republic
| | - Stanislav Kafka
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of TechnologyTomas Bata UniversityVavrečkova 275760 01ZlínCzech Republic
| | - Ondřej Rudolf
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of TechnologyTomas Bata UniversityVavrečkova 275760 01ZlínCzech Republic
| | - Antonín Lyčka
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Hradec KrálovéRokitanského 62500 03Hradec Králové 3Czech Republic
| | - Michal Rouchal
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of TechnologyTomas Bata UniversityVavrečkova 275760 01ZlínCzech Republic
| | - Lukáš Bednář
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of TechnologyTomas Bata UniversityVavrečkova 275760 01ZlínCzech Republic
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Kunz A, Wegner HA. 1+1≥2? Norbornadiene‐Azobenzene Molecules as Multistate Photoswitches. CHEMSYSTEMSCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/syst.202000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kunz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Justus Liebig University Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen
- Germany and Center for Materials Research (LaMa) Justus Liebig University Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Hermann A. Wegner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Justus Liebig University Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen
- Germany and Center for Materials Research (LaMa) Justus Liebig University Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 35392 Giessen Germany
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Löw R, Rusch T, Moje T, Röhricht F, Magnussen OM, Herges R. Norbornadiene-functionalized triazatriangulenium and trioxatriangulenium platforms. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:1815-1821. [PMID: 31467601 PMCID: PMC6693376 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Triazatriangulenium (TATA) and trioxatriangulenium (TOTA) ions are particularly suited systems to mount functional molecules onto atomically flat surfaces such as Au(111). The TATA and TOTA units serve as platforms that absorb onto the surface and form ordered monolayers, while the functional groups are protruding upright and freestanding from the central carbon atoms. Azobenzene derivatized TATA’s are known to exhibit extremely fast cis→trans isomerization on metal surfaces, via a peculiar non-adiabatic singlet→triplet→singlet mechanism. We now prepared norbornadienes (NBD) and quadricyclanes (QC) attached to TATA and TOTA platforms which can be used to check if these accelerated rates and the spin change mechanism also apply to [2 + 2] cycloreversions (QC→NBD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Löw
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Talina Rusch
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Kiel, Leibnizstraße 19, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Tobias Moje
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Fynn Röhricht
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Olaf M Magnussen
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Kiel, Leibnizstraße 19, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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4
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Afewerki S, Wang JX, Liao WW, Córdova A. The Chemical Synthesis and Applications of Tropane Alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2018; 81:151-233. [PMID: 30685050 DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tropanes are an important class of alkaloid natural products that are found in plants all over the world. These compounds can exhibit significant biological activity and are among the oldest known medicines. In the early 19th century, tropanes were isolated, characterized, and synthesized by notable chemical researchers. Their significant biological activities have inspired tremendous research efforts toward their synthesis and the elucidation of their pharmacological activity both in academia and in industry. In this chapter, which addresses the developments in this field since 1994, the focus is on the synthesis of these compounds, and several examples of sophisticated synthetic protocols involving both asymmetric and catalytic approaches are described. In addition, the structures of more than 100 new alkaloids are included as well as the applications and pharmacological properties of some tropane alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson Afewerki
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Berzelii Center EXSELENT, The Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jia-Xin Wang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei-Wei Liao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Armando Córdova
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Berzelii Center EXSELENT, The Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Morozova V, Skotnitzki J, Moriya K, Karaghiosoff K, Knochel P. Herstellung enantiomerenangereicherter sekundärer Alkyllithium- und Alkylkupferverbindungen - Synthese von (−)-Lardolure und Siphonarienal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Varvara Morozova
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Juri Skotnitzki
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Kohei Moriya
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Konstantin Karaghiosoff
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 München Deutschland
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Morozova V, Skotnitzki J, Moriya K, Karaghiosoff K, Knochel P. Preparation of Optically Enriched Secondary Alkyllithium and Alkylcopper Reagents-Synthesis of (−)-Lardolure and Siphonarienal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5516-5519. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Varvara Morozova
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstrasse 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Juri Skotnitzki
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstrasse 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Kohei Moriya
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstrasse 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Konstantin Karaghiosoff
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstrasse 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstrasse 5-13 81377 München Germany
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Hethcox JC, Shockley SE, Stoltz BM. Iridium-Catalyzed Stereoselective Allylic Alkylation Reactions with Crotyl Chloride. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Caleb Hethcox
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; California Institute of Technology; 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20 Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Samantha E. Shockley
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; California Institute of Technology; 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20 Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; California Institute of Technology; 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20 Pasadena CA 91125 USA
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8
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Hethcox JC, Shockley SE, Stoltz BM. Iridium-Catalyzed Stereoselective Allylic Alkylation Reactions with Crotyl Chloride. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:16092-16095. [PMID: 27891825 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The development of the first enantio-, diastereo-, and regioselective iridium-catalyzed allylic alkylation reaction of prochiral enolates to form an all-carbon quaternary stereogenic center with an aliphatic-substituted allylic electrophile is disclosed. The reaction proceeds with good to excellent selectivity with a range of substituted tetralone-derived nucleophiles furnishing products bearing a newly formed vicinal tertiary and all-carbon quaternary stereodyad. The utility of this protocol is further demonstrated via a number of synthetically diverse product transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Caleb Hethcox
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Samantha E Shockley
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
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Zhang Q, Zhang L, Tang C, Luo H, Cai X, Chai Y. Cascade reaction of propargylic alcohols with hydroxylamine hydrochloride: facile synthesis of α,β-unsaturated oximes and nitriles. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Quant M, Lennartson A, Dreos A, Kuisma M, Erhart P, Börjesson K, Moth-Poulsen K. Low Molecular Weight Norbornadiene Derivatives for Molecular Solar-Thermal Energy Storage. Chemistry 2016; 22:13265-74. [PMID: 27492997 PMCID: PMC5096010 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Molecular solar-thermal energy storage systems are based on molecular switches that reversibly convert solar energy into chemical energy. Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization, and computational evaluation of a series of low molecular weight (193-260 g mol(-1) ) norbornadiene-quadricyclane systems. The molecules feature cyano acceptor and ethynyl-substituted aromatic donor groups, leading to a good match with solar irradiation, quantitative photo-thermal conversion between the norbornadiene and quadricyclane, as well as high energy storage densities (396-629 kJ kg(-1) ). The spectroscopic properties and energy storage capability have been further evaluated through density functional theory calculations, which indicate that the ethynyl moiety plays a critical role in obtaining the high oscillator strengths seen for these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Quant
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemigården 4, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Lennartson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemigården 4, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ambra Dreos
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemigården 4, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Kuisma
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden
| | - Paul Erhart
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden
| | - Karl Börjesson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemigården 4, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kasper Moth-Poulsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemigården 4, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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