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Sohora M, Sović I, Spahić Z, Kontrec D, Jurin M. Photochemistry of phthalimidoadamantane dipeptides: effect of amino acid side chain on photocyclization. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:2071-2080. [PMID: 37148465 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00430-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of dipeptides 1 was synthesized that at the N-site contained 3-(N-phthalimidoadamantane-1-carboxylic acid and at the C-site different aliphatic or aromatic L- or D-amino acids. The photochemical reaction of dipeptides 1 under acetone-sensitized conditions gave simple decarboxylation products 6, and decarboxylation-induced cyclization products 7, as well as some secondary products 8 and 9 formed by elimination of H2O or ring enlargement, respectively. Molecules 9 undergo secondary photoinduced H-abstractions by the phthalimide chromophore, delivering more complex polycycles 11. The photodecarboxylation-induced cyclization to 7 was observed only with phenylalanine (Phe), proline (Pro), leucine (Leu) and isoleucine (Ile). Contrary to dipeptides with Phe, the cyclization takes place with almost complete racemization at the amino acid chiral center, but diastereoselectively giving only one pair of enantiomers. The conducted investigation is important as it provides the breath and the scope of dipeptide cyclizations activated by phthalimides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margareta Sohora
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Irena Sović
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Selvita Ltd., Prilaz Baruna Filipovića 29, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zlatan Spahić
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102 A, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darko Kontrec
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mladenka Jurin
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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2
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Nakamura T, Ban K, Yoshida Y, Mino T, Kasashima Y, Sakamoto M. Asymmetric Synthesis of Indoline from Achiral Phthalimide Involving Crystallization-Induced Deracemization. Chemistry 2021; 27:16338-16341. [PMID: 34585795 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric synthesis was performed by combining the photochemical reaction of an achiral substrate followed by crystallization-induced deracemization. The results indicated that a fused indoline produced by photochemical intramolecular δ-hydrogen abstraction and cyclization of N-(5-chloro-2-methylphenyl)phthalimide crystallized as a racemic conglomerate. Since this substrate has an aminal skeleton, racemization involving a ring-opening and ring-closing equilibrium process occurred under suitable conditions. Efficient racemization was observed in acetone containing a catalytic base, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU). Crystallization-induced dynamic deracemization by Viedma ripening from racemic indoline was performed with an excellent enantioselectivity of 99 % ee. Furthermore, one-pot asymmetric synthesis of the indoline was achieved by the photochemical reaction of achiral phthalimide followed by continuous attrition-enhanced deracemization converging to 99 % ee of enantiomeric crystals. This is the first example of asymmetric expression and amplification by photochemical hydrogen abstraction and crystallization-induced dynamic deracemization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Nakamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Kazuma Ban
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yoshida
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Takashi Mino
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kasashima
- Education Center, Faculty of Creative Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, Shibazono, Narashino, Chiba, 275-0023, Japan
| | - Masami Sakamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
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3
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The effect of the rate of photoinduced electron transfer on the photodecarboxylation efficiency in phthalimide photochemistry. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.113109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Sohora M, Mandić L, Basarić N. [3 + 2] Cycloaddition with photogenerated azomethine ylides in β-cyclodextrin. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1296-1304. [PMID: 32566032 PMCID: PMC7296198 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stability constants for the inclusion complexes of cyclohexylphthalimide 2 and adamantylphthalimide 3 with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) were determined by 1H NMR titration, K = 190 ± 50 M-1, and K = 2600 ± 600 M-1, respectively. Photochemical reactivity of the inclusion complexes 2@β-CD and 3@β-CD was investigated, and we found out that β-CD does not affect the decarboxylation efficiency, while it affects the subsequent photochemical H-abstraction, resulting in different product distribution upon irradiation in the presence of β-CD. The formation of ternary complexes with acrylonitrile (AN) and 2@β-CD or 3@β-CD was also essayed by 1H NMR. Although the formation of such complexes was suggested, stability constants could not be determined. Irradiation of 2@β-CD in the presence of AN in aqueous solution where cycloadduct 7 was formed highly suggests that decarboxylation and [3 + 2] cycloaddition take place in the ternary complex, whereas such a reactivity from bulky adamantane 3 is less likely. This proof of principle that decarboxylation and cycloaddition can be performed in the β-CD cavity has a significant importance for the design of new supramolecular systems for the control of photoreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margareta Sohora
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia. Fax: +385 1 4680 195; Tel: +385 12 4561 141
| | - Leo Mandić
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia. Fax: +385 1 4680 195; Tel: +385 12 4561 141
- Department of Material Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikola Basarić
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia. Fax: +385 1 4680 195; Tel: +385 12 4561 141
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5
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Mandić L, Džeba I, Jadreško D, Mihaljević B, Biczók L, Basarić N. Photophysical properties and electron transfer photochemical reactivity of substituted phthalimides. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03465g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Substituents on phthalimide affect its photophysics and photochemical reactivity. Electron donors generally result in low quantum yields of intersystem crossing and reactivity from singlet excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Mandić
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- 10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
- Department of Material Chemistry
| | - Iva Džeba
- Department of Material Chemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- 10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Dijana Jadreško
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- 10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Branka Mihaljević
- Department of Material Chemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- 10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - László Biczók
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- 1519 Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Nikola Basarić
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- 10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
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6
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Yang HB, Feceu A, Martin DBC. Catalyst-Controlled C–H Functionalization of Adamantanes Using Selective H-Atom Transfer. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Abigail Feceu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - David B. C. Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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7
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Reiffers A, Torres Ziegenbein C, Schubert L, Diekmann J, Thom KA, Kühnemuth R, Griesbeck A, Weingart O, Gilch P. On the large apparent Stokes shift of phthalimides. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:4839-4853. [PMID: 30778436 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07795a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The photophysics of N-methylphthalimide (MP) in solution (cyclohexane, ethanol, acetonitrile, and water) was characterized by steady state as well as time resolved fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy. In all solvents the compound exhibits an unusually large Stokes shift of ∼10 000 cm-1. It is attributed to an ultrafast (<100 fs) depletion of the initially excited state, which results in the population of a weakly emitting state. Quantum chemical computations (DFT-MRCI) support this. They identify two energetically low-lying singlet ππ* excitations of different oscillator strength. Whereas the Stokes shift and thereby the ultrafast depletion of the initial excitation are hardly affected by the solvent later processes respond strongly. The fluorescence lifetime varies from ∼10 ps (cyclohexane) to ∼3 ns (water). This is attributed to a varying energetic accessibility of nπ* excitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Reiffers
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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8
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Mumtaz S, Robertson MJ, Oelgemöller M. Recent Advances in Photodecarboxylations Involving Phthalimides. Aust J Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/ch18220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their favourable photophysical and electrochemical properties, phthalimides undergo a variety of highly efficient photodecarboxylation reactions. These transformations have been applied to the synthesis of macrocyclic compounds as well as bioactive addition adducts. N-Acetoxyphthalimides are versatile precursors to imidyl and alkyl radicals through photodecarboxylation and have subsequently been used for a variety of coupling reactions. The generally mild reaction conditions make these reactions attractive for green chemical applications. The process protocols were successfully transferred to novel photoreactor devices, among these falling film or continuous flow reactors.
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9
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Griesbeck AG, Neudörfl JM, Goldfuss B, Molitor S. Synthesis of 3-Benzylated Isoindolinones by Photoredox Decarboxylation of Arylacetates in the Presence of N
-Benzylphthalimide: Conductivity as a Kinetic Tool. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201700057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Axel G. Griesbeck
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cologne; Greinstraße 4 50939 Köln Germany
| | - Jörg.-M. Neudörfl
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cologne; Greinstraße 4 50939 Köln Germany
| | - Bernd Goldfuss
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cologne; Greinstraße 4 50939 Köln Germany
| | - Sabrina Molitor
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cologne; Greinstraße 4 50939 Köln Germany
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10
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Synthesis and photochemical reactivity of phthalimidoadamantane–tyrosine conjugates. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-017-2927-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Duan Y, Zhang M, Ruzi R, Wu Z, Zhu C. The direct decarboxylative allylation of N-arylglycine derivatives by photoredox catalysis. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00711b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The direct decarboxylative allylation of N-arylglycine derivatives has been accomplished via visible-light photoredox catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqian Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- P. R. China
| | - Muliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- P. R. China
| | - Rehanguli Ruzi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- P. R. China
| | - Zhongkai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- P. R. China
| | - Chengjian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- P. R. China
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