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Yu IF, Wilson JW, Hartwig JF. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Silylation and Borylation of C-H Bonds for the Synthesis and Functionalization of Complex Molecules. Chem Rev 2023; 123:11619-11663. [PMID: 37751601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The functionalization of C-H bonds in organic molecules containing functional groups has been one of the holy grails of catalysis. One synthetically important approach to the diverse functionalization of C-H bonds is the catalytic silylation or borylation of C-H bonds, which enables a broad array of downstream transformations to afford diverse structures. Advances in both undirected and directed methods for the transition-metal-catalyzed silylation and borylation of C-H bonds have led to their rapid adoption in early-, mid-, and late-stage of the synthesis of complex molecules. In this Review, we review the application of the transition-metal-catalyzed silylation and borylation of C-H bonds to the synthesis of bioactive molecules, organic materials, and ligands. Overall, we aim to provide a picture of the state of art of the silylation and borylation of C-H bonds as applied to the synthesis and modification of diverse architectures that will spur further application and development of these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac F Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jake W Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John F Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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2
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Zhang X, Rauch F, Niedens J, da Silva RB, Friedrich A, Nowak-Król A, Garden SJ, Marder TB. Electrophilic C–H Borylation of Aza[5]helicenes Leading to Bowl-Shaped Quasi-[7]Circulenes with Switchable Dynamics. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22316-22324. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Zhang
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Rauch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Niedens
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ramon B. da Silva
- Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Nowak-Król
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Simon J. Garden
- Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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3
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Frédéric L, Fabri B, Guénée L, Zinna F, Di Bari L, Lacour J. Triple Regioselective Functionalization of Cationic [4]Helicenes via Iridium-Catalyzed Borylation and Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reactivity. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201853. [PMID: 35796630 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In essentially one-pot, using Ir- and Pd-catalysis, tris(arene)-functionalized cationic [4]helicenes are synthesized with full regioselectivity and enantiospecificity starting from a trivial precursor (17 examples). This poly-addition of aryl groups improves key optical properties, that is, fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes. Electronic circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence signatures are observed up to the far-red domain, in particular with additional arenes prone to aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Frédéric
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Bibiana Fabri
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Laure Guénée
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 24, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Zinna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jérôme Lacour
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
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4
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Pelliccioli V, Hartung T, Simon M, Golz C, Licandro E, Cauteruccio S, Alcarazo M. Enantioselective Synthesis of Dithia[5]helicenes and their Postsynthetic Functionalization to Access Dithia[9]helicenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pelliccioli
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 2 37073 Göttingen Germany
- Department of Chemistry University of Milan Via Golgi 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Thierry Hartung
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 2 37073 Göttingen Germany
| | - Martin Simon
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 2 37073 Göttingen Germany
| | - Christopher Golz
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 2 37073 Göttingen Germany
| | - Emanuela Licandro
- Department of Chemistry University of Milan Via Golgi 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Silvia Cauteruccio
- Department of Chemistry University of Milan Via Golgi 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Manuel Alcarazo
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 2 37073 Göttingen Germany
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5
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Pelliccioli V, Hartung T, Simon M, Golz C, Licandro E, Cauteruccio S, Alcarazo M. Enantioselective Synthesis of Dithia[5]helicenes and their Postsynthetic Functionalization to Access Dithia[9]helicenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114577. [PMID: 34874602 PMCID: PMC9302117 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A highly enantioselective synthesis of 5,13-disubstituted dibenzo[d,d']benzo[1,2-b:4,3-b']dithiophenes is reported. Key for the successful assembly of these helical architectures is the last two successive Au-catalyzed intramolecular alkyne hydroarylation events. Specifically, the second cyclization is the enantiodetermining step of the whole process and provides the desired helicenes with excellent ee values when a TADDOL-derived 1,2,3-(triazolium)phosphonite moiety (TADDOL: α,α,α',α'-tetraaryl-1,3-dioxolane-4,5-dimethanol) is employed as an ancillary ligand. The absolute stereochemistry of the newly prepared structures has been determined by X-ray crystallography to be P; the optical properties of these heterohelicenes are also reported. A three-step procedure was subsequently developed that allows the transformation of the initially obtained dithia[5]helicenes into dithia[9]helicenes without erosion of the enantiopurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pelliccioli
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Thierry Hartung
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Simon
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christopher Golz
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Emanuela Licandro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Cauteruccio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuel Alcarazo
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
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Abstract
Helicenes, chiral members of the family of polyaromatic hydrocarbons, have been increasingly used in a variety of applications in recent years. Despite their intriguing properties, wider utilization is hindered by difficult functionalization of its skeleton, which would provide access to finely tuned derivatives of desired properties. Herein, the recent advancements in the field of helicene functionalization are discussed with an emphasis on different types of transformations, their versatility, and regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Jakubec
- Department of Advanced Materials and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, v. v. i., Rozvojová 2/135, Prague 6, 165 02, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Storch
- Department of Advanced Materials and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, v. v. i., Rozvojová 2/135, Prague 6, 165 02, Czech Republic
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7
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Feofanov M, Uka A, Akhmetova V, Amsharov K. Photocyclization of diarylethylenes with a boronate moiety: a useful synthetic tool to soluble PAH building blocksf. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:722-725. [PMID: 33830490 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00497a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of ten ortho-fused PAHs bearing boronic pinacol ester groups (BPin) is reported. The products are obtained via modification of Mallory photocyclization in 45-99% yields. Among them are examples of highly strained molecules such as [4]helicene derivatives with BPin substituents in the cavity. The method allows double C-C coupling and tolerates more than one BPin functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Feofanov
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, D-06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Arber Uka
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vladimir Akhmetova
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, D-06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Konstantin Amsharov
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, D-06120, Halle, Germany.
- South Ural State University, pr. Lenina 76, 454080, Chelyabinsk, Russia.
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8
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Abstract
Herein, a visible-light photochemical approach for practical helicene functionalization at very mild reaction conditions is described. The photochemical reactions allow for the regiospecific and innate late-stage functionalization of helicenes and are easily executed either through the activation of C(sp2 )-Br bonds in helicenes using K2 CO3 as inorganic base or direct C(sp2 )-H helicene bond functionalization under oxidative photoredox reaction conditions. Overall, using these transformations six different functional groups are introduced to the helicene scaffold through C-C and four different C-heteroatom bond-forming reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Jakubec
- Fakultät für Chemie und PharmazieUniversität Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, v.v.i.Rozvojová 2/135Prague 6165 02Czech Republic
| | - Indrajit Ghosh
- Fakultät für Chemie und PharmazieUniversität Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany
| | - Jan Storch
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, v.v.i.Rozvojová 2/135Prague 6165 02Czech Republic
| | - Burkhard König
- Fakultät für Chemie und PharmazieUniversität Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany
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Macé A, Hellou N, Hammoud J, Martin C, Gauthier ES, Favereau L, Roisnel T, Caytan E, Nasser G, Vanthuyne N, Williams JAG, Berrée F, Carboni B, Crassous J. An Enantiopure Cyclometallated Iridium Complex Displaying Long‐Lived Phosphorescence both in Solution and in the Solid State. Helv Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201900044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Macé
- Univ Rennes, CNRSISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226 FR-35000 Rennes France
| | - Nora Hellou
- Univ Rennes, CNRSISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226 FR-35000 Rennes France
| | - Joanna Hammoud
- Univ Rennes, CNRSISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226 FR-35000 Rennes France
| | - Clothilde Martin
- Univ Rennes, CNRSISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226 FR-35000 Rennes France
| | - Etienne S. Gauthier
- Univ Rennes, CNRSISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226 FR-35000 Rennes France
| | - Ludovic Favereau
- Univ Rennes, CNRSISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226 FR-35000 Rennes France
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Univ Rennes, CNRSISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226 FR-35000 Rennes France
| | - Elsa Caytan
- Univ Rennes, CNRSISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226 FR-35000 Rennes France
| | - Ghassan Nasser
- Inorganic and Organometallic Coordination Chemistry Laboratory (LCIO)Lebanese University, Rafic Hariri University Campus, Faculty of Sciences I Hadath Lebanon
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille UniversityCNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 FR–13284 Marseille France
| | | | - Fabienne Berrée
- Univ Rennes, CNRSISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226 FR-35000 Rennes France
| | - Bertrand Carboni
- Univ Rennes, CNRSISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226 FR-35000 Rennes France
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Univ Rennes, CNRSISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226 FR-35000 Rennes France
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11
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Kaiser RP, Ulč J, Císařová I, Nečas D. Direct regioselective C–H borylation of [5]helicene. RSC Adv 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13021j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile and efficient protocol for a regioselective borylation of [5]helicene was achieved via Ir-catalyzed C–H activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. P. Kaiser
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University
- Czech Republic
| | - J. Ulč
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University
- Czech Republic
| | - I. Císařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University
- Czech Republic
| | - D. Nečas
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University
- Czech Republic
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12
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Hellou N, Macé A, Martin C, Dorcet V, Roisnel T, Jean M, Vanthuyne N, Berrée F, Carboni B, Crassous J. Synthesis of Carbo[6]helicene Derivatives Grafted with Amino or Aminoester Substituents from Enantiopure [6]Helicenyl Boronates. J Org Chem 2017; 83:484-490. [PMID: 29224347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Enantiopure carbo[6]helicenyl boronates were synthesized using a photocyclization reaction as the key step. These compounds were further converted to various amino derivatives using copper-catalyzed azidation or amination and reductive alkylation of benzylazide by a helicenyl dichloroborane. Asymmetric Petasis condensation with glyoxylic acid and morpholine controlled by the helical chirality afforded the corresponding amino esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Hellou
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR [(Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)] - UMR 6226 , F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Aurélie Macé
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR [(Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)] - UMR 6226 , F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Clothilde Martin
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR [(Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)] - UMR 6226 , F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Dorcet
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR [(Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)] - UMR 6226 , F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR [(Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)] - UMR 6226 , F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Marion Jean
- CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France
| | - Fabienne Berrée
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR [(Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)] - UMR 6226 , F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Bertrand Carboni
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR [(Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)] - UMR 6226 , F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR [(Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)] - UMR 6226 , F-35000, Rennes, France
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