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Kirsch SF, Bensberg K. Reactions with Geminal Diazides: Long Known, Full of Surprises, and New Opportunities. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1751355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractGeminal diazides are uncommon yet powerful tools in organic synthesis. The chemistry of this class of functional compounds is characterized by quite unusual reactivities, including fragmentations and degradations, along with known reactions of organic azides. This Short Review highlights the major reactivities of various structural units having geminal diazido moieties, and provides an overview on the synthetic opportunities of such compounds.1 Introduction2 Preparation of Geminal Diazides3 Reactivities of Geminal Diazides3.1 α,α-Diazido Carbonyls3.2 1,3-Diketones3.3 Diazidated β-Ketoesters3.4 Diazidated Malonates3.5 Diazidated Malonamides3.6 Miscellaneous Geminal Diazides4 Conclusion
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2
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Hao MJ, Chen PN, Li HJ, Wu F, Zhang GY, Shao ZZ, Liu XP, Ma WZ, Xu J, Mahmud T, Lan WJ. β-Carboline Alkaloids From the Deep-Sea Fungus Trichoderma sp. MCCC 3A01244 as a New Type of Anti-pulmonary Fibrosis Agent That Inhibits TGF-β/Smad Signaling Pathway. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:947226. [PMID: 35966687 PMCID: PMC9366743 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.947226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a scarring disease of lung tissue, which seriously threatens human health. Treatment options are currently limited, and effective strategies are still lacking. In the present study, 25 compounds were isolated from the deep-sea fungus Trichoderma sp. MCCC 3A01244. Among them, two β-carboline alkaloids, trichocarbolines A (1) and C (4) are new compounds. The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated based on their HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR spectra, optical rotation calculation, and comparisons with data reported in the literature. Trichocarboline B [(+)- and (–)-enantiomers] had previously been synthesized, and this is its first report as a natural product. Their anti-pulmonary fibrosis (PF) activity and cytotoxicity were investigated. Compounds 1, 11, and 13 strongly inhibited TGF-β1-induced total collagen accumulation and showed low cytotoxicity against the HFL1 cell line. Further studies revealed compound 1 inhibited extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition by downregulating the expression of protein fibronectin (FN), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Mechanistic study revealed that compound 1 decreased pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. As a newly identified β-carboline alkaloid, compound 1 may be used as a lead compound for developing more efficient anti-pulmonary fibrosis agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jiao Hao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei-Nan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hou-Jin Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Yu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zong-Ze Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiu-Pian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Wen-Zhe Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Taifo Mahmud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Wen-Jian Lan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wen-Jian Lan,
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3
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Migliorini F, Dei F, Calamante M, Maramai S, Petricci E. Micellar Catalysis for Sustainable Hydroformylation. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Migliorini
- Department of Biochemistry Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Siena Via A. Moro 53100 Siena Italy
| | - Filippo Dei
- Department of Biochemistry Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Siena Via A. Moro 53100 Siena Italy
| | - Massimo Calamante
- CNR – ICCOM Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Firenze Via Madonna del Piano, 10 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Firenze Italy
| | - Samuele Maramai
- Department of Biochemistry Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Siena Via A. Moro 53100 Siena Italy
| | - Elena Petricci
- Department of Biochemistry Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Siena Via A. Moro 53100 Siena Italy
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Aho A, Äärelä A, Korhonen H, Virta P. Expanding the Scope of the Cleavable N-(methoxy)oxazolidine Linker for the Synthesis of Oligonucleotide Conjugates. Molecules 2021; 26:490. [PMID: 33477693 PMCID: PMC7838870 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligonucleotides modified by a 2'-deoxy-2'-(N-methoxyamino) ribonucleotide react readily with aldehydes in slightly acidic conditions to yield the corresponding N-(methoxy)oxazolidine-linked oligonucleotide-conjugates. The reaction is reversible and dynamic in slightly acidic conditions, while the products are virtually stable above pH 7, where the reaction is in a ''switched off-state''. Small molecular examinations have demonstrated that aldehyde constituents affect the cleavage rate of the N-(methoxy)oxazolidine-linkage. This can be utilized to adjust the stability of this pH-responsive cleavable linker for drug delivery applications. In the present study, Fmoc-β-Ala-H was immobilized to a serine-modified ChemMatrix resin and used for the automated assembly of two peptidealdehydes and one aldehyde-modified peptide nucleic acid (PNA). In addition, a triantennary N-acetyl-d-galactosamine-cluster with a β-Ala-H unit has been synthesized. These aldehydes were conjugated via N-(methoxy)oxazolidine-linkage to therapeutically relevant oligonucleotide phosphorothioates and one DNA-aptamer in 19-47% isolated yields. The cleavage rates of the conjugates were studied in slightly acidic conditions. In addition to the diverse set of conjugates synthesized, these experiments and a comparison to published data demonstrate that the simple conversion of Gly-H to β-Ala-H residue resulted in a faster cleavage of the N-(methoxy)oxazolidine-linker at pH 5, being comparable (T0.5 ca 7 h) to hydrazone-based structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pasi Virta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; (A.A.); (A.Ä.); (H.K.)
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5
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Das B, Gupta P. Luminescent terpyridine appended geminal bisazide and bistriazoles: multinuclear Pt(II) complexes and AIPE-based DNA detection with the naked eye. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:10225-10236. [PMID: 34236066 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01108a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report square planar Pt(ii) complexes as luminescent biosensors for DNA detection in solution. The sensing is attributed to the aggregation induced bright red photoluminescence (AIPE) of the complexes in the presence of DNA that can be seen with the naked eye using only a 360 nm light source. Terpyridine appended luminescent geminal bistriazoles (L1-L4, from geminal bisazide A through azide-alkyne 'click' cycloaddition) with versatile chelating sites were explored for metal coordination and reaction with Pt(dmso)2Cl2 yielding tetranuclear and dinuclear complexes of Pt(ii) with different N∩N ligand environments. Thermally stable gem-bisazide and bistriazoles are hardly reported in the literature and this is the first report of terpyridine appended geminal bisazide and bistriazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India.
| | - Parna Gupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India.
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6
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Celik IE, Kirsch SF. Reactivity of Organic Geminal Diazides at Tetrahedral Carbons. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim E. Celik
- Organic Chemistry Bergische Universität Wuppertal Gaußstraße 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Stefan F. Kirsch
- Organic Chemistry Bergische Universität Wuppertal Gaußstraße 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
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7
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Kang B, Yasuno Y, Okamura H, Sakai A, Satoh T, Kuse M, Shinada T. N-Acylcarbazole as a Selective Transamidation Reagent. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bubwoong Kang
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yoko Yasuno
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Hironori Okamura
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Asumi Sakai
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Satoh
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Masaki Kuse
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Shinada
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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Borghi F, Çelik IE, Biallas P, Mittendorf F, Kirsch SF. Expanding the Versatile Reactivity of Diazido Malonic Acid Esters and Amides: Decarboxylation and Imine Formation. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Borghi
- Organic Chemistry Bergische Universität Wuppertal Gaußstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Ibrahim E. Çelik
- Organic Chemistry Bergische Universität Wuppertal Gaußstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Phillip Biallas
- Organic Chemistry Bergische Universität Wuppertal Gaußstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Fabia Mittendorf
- Organic Chemistry Bergische Universität Wuppertal Gaußstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Stefan F. Kirsch
- Organic Chemistry Bergische Universität Wuppertal Gaußstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
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Holzschneider K, Tong ML, Mohr F, Kirsch SF. A Synthetic Route Toward Tetrazoles: The Thermolysis of Geminal Diazides. Chemistry 2019; 25:11725-11733. [PMID: 31407837 PMCID: PMC6772900 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A new synthetic route toward the tetrazole core is described, which is based on a general fragmentation pattern that was found in a range of compounds featuring geminal diazido units. Through a simple two-step procedure, the synthesis of structurally diverse target compounds containing a tetrazole, such as tetrazoloquinoxalinones, benzoylaryltetrazoles, tetrazolotriazinones, and tetrazoloazepinones, was easily accomplished, starting from broadly accessible substrates (i.e., oxindoles, diarylethanones, pyrazolones, and phenanthrols). The initial oxidative diazidation reaction with iodine and sodium azide under mild conditions is followed by the thermal fragmentation under microwave irradiation, leading to the tetrazole products. Noteworthy, an experimental solution is presented in which the potentially hazardous diazide intermediates are not isolated and the concentration of crude reaction mixtures containing diazides is not required to achieve the tetrazoles in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - My Linh Tong
- Organic ChemistryBergische Universität WuppertalGaußstraße 2042119WuppertalGermany
| | - Fabian Mohr
- Inorganic ChemistryBergische Universität WuppertalGaußstraße 2042119WuppertalGermany
| | - Stefan F. Kirsch
- Organic ChemistryBergische Universität WuppertalGaußstraße 2042119WuppertalGermany
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10
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Holzschneider K, Häring AP, Kirsch SF. 2,2-Diazido-1,2-diarylethanones: Synthesis and Reactivity with Primary Amines. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Holzschneider
- Organic Chemistry; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaußstraße 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Andreas P. Häring
- Organic Chemistry; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaußstraße 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Stefan F. Kirsch
- Organic Chemistry; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaußstraße 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
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11
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Biallas P, Mensak TM, Kunz KA, Kirsch SF. The Deazidoalkoxylation: Sequential Nucleophilic Substitutions with Diazidated Diethyl Malonate. J Org Chem 2019; 84:1654-1663. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Biallas
- Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Tobias M. Mensak
- Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Kevin-Alexander Kunz
- Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Stefan F. Kirsch
- Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
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12
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Biallas P, Heider J, Kirsch SF. Functional polyamides withgem-diazido units: synthesis and diversification. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01087k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyamide structures bearing geminal diazide units were constructed with diazidated malonates and diamines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janina Heider
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal
- 42119 Wuppertal
- Germany
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13
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Holzschneider K, Mohr F, Kirsch SF. Synthesis and Reactivity of 3,3-Diazidooxindoles. Org Lett 2018; 20:7066-7070. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Holzschneider
- Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | - Stefan F. Kirsch
- Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
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14
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Arepally S, Babu VN, Polu A, Sharada DS. PIDA/TBAB-Promoted Oxidative Geminal Dibromofunctionalization of Alkynes: Direct Synthesis of Geminal Diazides. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Arepally
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad; 502 285 Kandi - Sangareddy Telangana INDIA
| | - Venkata Nagarjuna Babu
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad; 502 285 Kandi - Sangareddy Telangana INDIA
| | - Ashok Polu
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad; 502 285 Kandi - Sangareddy Telangana INDIA
| | - Duddu S. Sharada
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad; 502 285 Kandi - Sangareddy Telangana INDIA
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15
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An open-source approach to automation in organic synthesis: The flow chemical formation of benzamides using an inline liquid-liquid extraction system and a homemade 3-axis autosampling/product-collection device. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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16
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17
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Holzschneider K, Häring AP, Haack A, Corey DJ, Benter T, Kirsch SF. Pathways in the Degradation of Geminal Diazides. J Org Chem 2017; 82:8242-8250. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniel J. Corey
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan-Flint, 303 E. Kearsley St., Flint, Michigan 48502, United States
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18
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Ballaschk F, Erhardt H, Kirsch SF. Synthesis of substituted pyrazines from N-allyl malonamides. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11529f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of highly substituted pyrazines from geminal diazides via thermal or copper-mediated cyclization and modification of the obtained pyrazines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hellmuth Erhardt
- Organic Chemistry
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal
- 42119 Wuppertal
- Germany
| | - Stefan F. Kirsch
- Organic Chemistry
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal
- 42119 Wuppertal
- Germany
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19
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Biallas P, Häring AP, Kirsch SF. Cleavage of 1,3-dicarbonyls through oxidative amidation. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:3184-3187. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00731k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative cleavage of 1,3-diketones with amines is shown in the presence of iodine and azide anions, amides are obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Biallas
- Organic Chemistry
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal
- 42119 Wuppertal
- Germany
| | - Andreas P. Häring
- Organic Chemistry
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal
- 42119 Wuppertal
- Germany
| | - Stefan F. Kirsch
- Organic Chemistry
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal
- 42119 Wuppertal
- Germany
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