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Hohlfeld BF, Steen D, Wieland GD, Achazi K, Kulak N, Haag R, Wiehe A. Bromo- and glycosyl-substituted BODIPYs for application in photodynamic therapy and imaging. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:3105-3120. [PMID: 36799212 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02174a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of heavy atoms into the BODIPY-core structure has proven to be a straightforward strategy for optimizing the design of such dyes towards enhanced generation of singlet oxygen rendering them suitable as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this work, BODIPYs are presented by combining the concept of bromination with nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) of a pentafluorophenyl or a 4-fluoro-3-nitrophenyl moiety to introduce functional groups, thus improving the phototoxic effect of the BODIPYs as well as their solubility in the biological environment. The nucleophilic substitution enabled functionalization with various amines and alcohols as well as unprotected thiocarbohydrates. The phototoxic activity of these more than 50 BODIPYs has been assessed in cellular assays against four cancer cell lines in order to more broadly evaluate their PDT potential, thus accounting for the known variability between cell lines with respect to PDT activity. In these investigations, dibrominated polar-substituted BODIPYs, particularly dibrominated glyco-substituted compounds, showed promising potential as photomedicine candidates. Furthermore, the cellular uptake of the glycosylated BODIPYs has been confirmed via fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin F Hohlfeld
- Institut für Chemie u. Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Biolitec research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Str. 15, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Dorika Steen
- Biolitec research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Str. 15, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | | | - Katharina Achazi
- Institut für Chemie u. Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nora Kulak
- Institut für Chemie u. Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Chemie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie u. Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arno Wiehe
- Institut für Chemie u. Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Biolitec research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Str. 15, 07745 Jena, Germany.
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Hohlfeld BF, Gitter B, Kingsbury CJ, Flanagan KJ, Steen D, Wieland GD, Kulak N, Senge MO, Wiehe A. Dipyrrinato-Iridium(III) Complexes for Application in Photodynamic Therapy and Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation. Chemistry 2021; 27:6440-6459. [PMID: 33236800 PMCID: PMC8248005 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The generation of bio-targetable photosensitizers is of utmost importance to the emerging field of photodynamic therapy and antimicrobial (photo-)therapy. A synthetic strategy is presented in which chelating dipyrrin moieties are used to enhance the known photoactivity of iridium(III) metal complexes. Formed complexes can thus be functionalized in a facile manner with a range of targeting groups at their chemically active reaction sites. Dipyrrins with N- and O-substituents afforded (dipy)iridium(III) complexes via complexation with the respective Cp*-iridium(III) and ppy-iridium(III) precursors (dipy=dipyrrinato, Cp*=pentamethyl-η5 -cyclopentadienyl, ppy=2-phenylpyridyl). Similarly, electron-deficient [IrIII (dipy)(ppy)2 ] complexes could be used for post-functionalization, forming alkenyl, alkynyl and glyco-appended iridium(III) complexes. The phototoxic activity of these complexes has been assessed in cellular and bacterial assays with and without light; the [IrIII (Cl)(Cp*)(dipy)] complexes and the glyco-substituted iridium(III) complexes showing particular promise as photomedicine candidates. Representative crystal structures of the complexes are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin F. Hohlfeld
- Institut für Chemie u. BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinTakustr. 314195BerlinGermany
- biolitec research GmbHOtto-Schott-Str. 1507745JenaGermany
| | | | - Christopher J. Kingsbury
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine InstituteTrinity Centre for Health SciencesTrinity College Dublin, The University of DublinSt James's HospitalDublin8Ireland
| | - Keith J. Flanagan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine InstituteTrinity Centre for Health SciencesTrinity College Dublin, The University of DublinSt James's HospitalDublin8Ireland
| | - Dorika Steen
- biolitec research GmbHOtto-Schott-Str. 1507745JenaGermany
| | | | - Nora Kulak
- Institut für Chemie u. BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinTakustr. 314195BerlinGermany
- Institut für ChemieOtto-von-Guericke-Universität MagdeburgUniversitätsplatz 239106MagdeburgGermany
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine InstituteTrinity Centre for Health SciencesTrinity College Dublin, The University of DublinSt James's HospitalDublin8Ireland
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS)Technical University of MunichLichtenbergstrasse 2a85748GarchingGermany
| | - Arno Wiehe
- Institut für Chemie u. BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinTakustr. 314195BerlinGermany
- biolitec research GmbHOtto-Schott-Str. 1507745JenaGermany
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Lin ZQ, Li CD, Su JY, Niu WJ, Gao JR, Li YJ. Sequential Cu(II)-promoted oxidation/[3 + 2] cycloaddition/aromatization tandem reaction for the synthesis of 2-substituted benzo[f]isoindole-4,9-dione. CAN J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2019-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An efficient method for the synthesis of 2-substituted benzo[f]isoindole-4,9-dione derivatives from N-substituted iminodiacetates and quinones via a Cu(II)-promoted oxidation/[3 + 2] cycloaddition/aromatization tandem reaction was reported. This tandem reaction uses a wide range of N-substituted iminodiacetate derivatives that contain the chain-alkyl, cycloalkyl, and aryl group on the N-atom. Based on optimized reaction conditions, the desired product of 2-substituted benzo[f]isoindole-4,9-diones was obtained in moderate to excellent yields. Taken together, the promising results of this research would provide an especially efficient strategy to synthesize polysubstituted pyrroles from easy available starting materials and promoted by cheaper Cu(OAc)2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-qi Lin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chao-dong Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jun-yi Su
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Wen-jie Niu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jian-rong Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yu-jin Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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Current Advances in the Synthesis of Valuable Dipyrromethane Scaffolds: Classic and New Methods. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234348. [PMID: 31795117 PMCID: PMC6930576 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review presents the most recent developments on the synthesis of dipyrromethanes, covering classical synthetic strategies, using acid catalyzed condensation of pyrroles and aldehydes or ketones, and recent breakthroughs which allow the synthesis of these type of heterocycles with new substitution patterns.
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Hohlfeld BF, Flanagan KJ, Kulak N, Senge MO, Christmann M, Wiehe A. Synthesis of Porphyrinoids, BODIPYs, and (Dipyrrinato)ruthenium(II) Complexes from Prefunctionalized Dipyrromethanes. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin F. Hohlfeld
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustr. 3 14195 Berlin Germany
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
- biolitec research GmbH; Otto-Schott-Str. 15 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Keith J. Flanagan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute; Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin; The University of Dublin, St James's Hospital; 8 Dublin Ireland
| | - Nora Kulak
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute; Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin; The University of Dublin, St James's Hospital; 8 Dublin Ireland
| | - Mathias Christmann
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustr. 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Arno Wiehe
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustr. 3 14195 Berlin Germany
- biolitec research GmbH; Otto-Schott-Str. 15 07745 Jena Germany
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Guerrero-Corella A, Asenjo-Pascual J, Pawar TJ, Díaz-Tendero S, Martín-Sómer A, Gómez CV, Belmonte-Vázquez JL, Ramírez-Ornelas DE, Peña-Cabrera E, Fraile A, Cruz DC, Alemán J. BODIPY as electron withdrawing group for the activation of double bonds in asymmetric cycloaddition reactions. Chem Sci 2019; 10:4346-4351. [PMID: 31057762 PMCID: PMC6472058 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00959k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we have found that a BODIPY can be used as an electron withdrawing group for the activation of double bonds in asymmetric catalysis. The synthesis of cyclohexyl derivatives containing a BODIPY unit can easily be achieved via trienamine catalysis. This allows a new different asymmetric synthesis of BODIPY derivatives and opens the door to future transformation of this useful fluorophore. In addition, the Quantum Chemistry calculations and mechanistic studies provide insights into the role of BODIPY as an EWG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Guerrero-Corella
- Organic Chemistry Department, Módulo 1 , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid-28049 , Spain . ; http://www.uam.es/jose.aleman
| | - Juan Asenjo-Pascual
- Organic Chemistry Department, Módulo 1 , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid-28049 , Spain . ; http://www.uam.es/jose.aleman
| | - Tushar Janardan Pawar
- Chemistry Department , División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas , Universidad de Guanajuato , Noria Alta S/N , 36050 Guanajuato , Gto , Mexico
| | - Sergio Díaz-Tendero
- Chemistry Department , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid-28049 , Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center , IFIMAC , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Ana Martín-Sómer
- Chemistry Department , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid-28049 , Spain
| | - Clarisa Villegas Gómez
- Chemistry Department , División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas , Universidad de Guanajuato , Noria Alta S/N , 36050 Guanajuato , Gto , Mexico
| | - José L Belmonte-Vázquez
- Chemistry Department , División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas , Universidad de Guanajuato , Noria Alta S/N , 36050 Guanajuato , Gto , Mexico
| | - Diana E Ramírez-Ornelas
- Chemistry Department , División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas , Universidad de Guanajuato , Noria Alta S/N , 36050 Guanajuato , Gto , Mexico
| | - Eduardo Peña-Cabrera
- Chemistry Department , División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas , Universidad de Guanajuato , Noria Alta S/N , 36050 Guanajuato , Gto , Mexico
| | - Alberto Fraile
- Organic Chemistry Department, Módulo 1 , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid-28049 , Spain . ; http://www.uam.es/jose.aleman
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid-28049 , Spain
| | - David Cruz Cruz
- Chemistry Department , División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas , Universidad de Guanajuato , Noria Alta S/N , 36050 Guanajuato , Gto , Mexico
| | - José Alemán
- Organic Chemistry Department, Módulo 1 , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid-28049 , Spain . ; http://www.uam.es/jose.aleman
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid-28049 , Spain
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De Vetta M, Corral I. Insight into the optical properties of meso-pentafluorophenyl(PFP)-BODIPY: An attractive platform for functionalization of BODIPY dyes. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Gutsche CS, Gräfe S, Gitter B, Flanagan KJ, Senge MO, Kulak N, Wiehe A. Pre-/post-functionalization in dipyrrin metal complexes - antitumor and antibacterial activity of their glycosylated derivatives. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:12373-12384. [PMID: 30128459 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03059f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A post-functionalization route to tris(dipyrrinato) metal complexes is presented giving access to a range of new complexes relevant in the context of medicinal inorganic chemistry. A pentafluorophenyl group in the meso-position of the dipyrrin ligand serves as an anchor for the connection with alcohols and thiocarbohydrates. The photochemotherapeutic activity of the complexes has been assessed in cellular assays with tumor cell lines and against the Gram-positive bacterium S. aureus. Finally, it is shown that this post-functionalization is also applicable to other dipyrrinato metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia S Gutsche
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Schoder S, Kord Daoroun Kalai S, Reissig HU. Novel Alkoxy-Substituted Dipyrrins and Near-IR BODIPY Dyes-Preparation and Photophysical Properties. Chemistry 2017; 23:12527-12533. [PMID: 28654213 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Starting from 3-alkoxy-2-aryl-substituted pyrroles and aromatic aldehydes, a collection of new dipyrrins was prepared. Under the standard conditions of Treibs, these were converted into the corresponding boron dipyrrins (BODIPYs). Compounds of this type with alkoxy groups at C-3 position of both pyrrole subunits are new and hence the photophysical properties of this collection of novel dipyrrins and BODIPY dyes were investigated. The dipyrrins show absorption maxima up to 596 nm and emissions of up to 677 nm. For the BODIPY series a remarkable effect of the alkoxy groups was identified, resulting in red shifts for absorptions and emissions. The compound substituted with two 2-thien-2-yl groups and a meso-C6 F5 substituent shows an absorption maximum at 725 nm and emits at 754 nm and thus is a new representative of a near-IR BODIPY dye related to certain aza-BODIPYs. Our results demonstrate the influence of the alkoxy groups on the spectroscopic data and reveal the potential of 3-alkoxy-2-aryl-substituted pyrroles for the design of new fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schoder
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Hans-Ulrich Reissig
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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Alnoman RB, Stachelek P, Knight JG, Harriman A, Waddell PG. Synthesis of 2-aminoBODIPYs by palladium catalysed amination. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:7643-7653. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01767g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Palladium catalysed amination of a 2-iodoBODIPY with a range of anilines and a primary alkylamine has been used as the basis for a ‘switch-on’ fluorescence sensor for phosgene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rua B. Alnoman
- School of Chemistry
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
- UK
| | | | | | | | - Paul G. Waddell
- School of Chemistry
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
- UK
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