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Do THH, Phan VN. Excitonic condensation state in the assistance of the adiabatic and anti-adiabatic phonons. J Phys Condens Matter 2022; 34:165602. [PMID: 35114652 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac5199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The excitonic condensate in semimetal and semiconducting materials with the assistance of the phonons in both the adiabatic and anti-adiabatic regimes has been investigated. In the framework of the random phase approximation, we analyse the static excitonic susceptibility function once the electrons and holes are described in the extended Falicov-Kimball model involving the electron-phonon interaction. The excitonic condensate transition point is detected as a divergence of the susceptibility function. The complex phase diagrams exhibit the significant impact of the adiabatic phonons on the stability of the excitonic condensation state. In contrast, phonons in the anti-adiabatic regime play a less role in the formation and the condensation of the excitons. Depending on the temperature or the external pressure, the excitonic condensate stability and its Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer-Bose-Einstein condensation crossover in the systems are also discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Hong-Hai Do
- Department of Physics, Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, Duc Thang, Bac Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van-Nham Phan
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 3 Quang Trung, Danang, Vietnam
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, 3 Quang Trung, Danang, Vietnam
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Lechel T, Kumar R, Bera MK, Zimmer R, Reissig HU. The LANCA three-component reaction to highly substituted β-ketoenamides - versatile intermediates for the synthesis of functionalized pyridine, pyrimidine, oxazole and quinoxaline derivatives. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:655-678. [PMID: 30931007 PMCID: PMC6423578 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The LANCA three-component reaction of lithiated alkoxyallenes LA, nitriles N and carboxylic acids CA leads to β-ketoenamides KE in good to excellent yields. The scope of this reaction is very broad and almost all types of nitriles and carboxylic acids have successfully been used. The alkoxy group introduced via the allene component is also variable and hence the subsequent transformation of this substituent into a hydroxy group can be performed under different conditions. Enantiopure nitriles or carboxylic acids can also be employed leading to chiral KE with high enantiopurity and dinitriles or dicarboxylic acids also lead to the expected bis-β-ketoenamides. β-Ketoenamides incorporate a unique combination of functional groups and hence a manifold of subsequent reactions to highly substituted heterocyclic compounds is possible. An intramolecular aldol-type condensation reaction efficiently furnishes pyridin-4-ols PY that can be further modified by palladium-catalyzed reactions, e.g., to specifically substituted furopyridine derivatives. Condensations of β-ketoenamides with ammonium salts or with hydroxylamine hydrochloride afford pyrimidines PM or pyrimidine N-oxides PO with a highly flexible substitution pattern in good yields. The functional groups of these heterocycles also allow a variety of subsequent reactions to various pyrimidine derivatives. On the other hand, acid-labile alkoxy substituents such as a 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy group are required for the conversion of β-ketoenamides into 5-acetyl-substituted oxazoles OX, again compounds with high potential for subsequent functional group transformations. For acid labile β-ketoenamides bearing bulky substituents the acid treatment leads to acylamido-substituted 1,2-diketones DK that could be converted into quinoxalines QU. All classes of heterocycles accessed through the key β-ketoenamides show a unique substitution pattern - not easily accomplishable by alternative methods - and therefore many subsequent reactions are possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Lechel
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roopender Kumar
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, UK
| | - Mrinal K Bera
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, PO-Botanic Garden, Howrah-711 103 (WB), India
| | - Reinhold Zimmer
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Reissig
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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Alabugin IV, Gonzalez-Rodriguez E, Kawade RK, Stepanov AA, Vasilevsky SF. Alkynes as Synthetic Equivalents of Ketones and Aldehydes: A Hidden Entry into Carbonyl Chemistry. Molecules 2019; 24:E1036. [PMID: 30875972 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The high energy packed in alkyne functional group makes alkyne reactions highly thermodynamically favorable and generally irreversible. Furthermore, the presence of two orthogonal π-bonds that can be manipulated separately enables flexible synthetic cascades stemming from alkynes. Behind these "obvious" traits, there are other more subtle, often concealed aspects of this functional group's appeal. This review is focused on yet another interesting but underappreciated alkyne feature: the fact that the CC alkyne unit has the same oxidation state as the -CH2C(O)- unit of a typical carbonyl compound. Thus, "classic carbonyl chemistry" can be accessed through alkynes, and new transformations can be engineered by unmasking the hidden carbonyl nature of alkynes. The goal of this review is to illustrate the advantages of using alkynes as an entry point to carbonyl reactions while highlighting reports from the literature where, sometimes without full appreciation, the concept of using alkynes as a hidden entry into carbonyl chemistry has been applied.
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Schoder S, Kord Daoroun Kalai S, Reissig HU. Novel Alkoxy-Substituted Dipyrrins and Near-IR BODIPY Dyes-Preparation and Photophysical Properties. Chemistry 2017; 23:12527-12533. [PMID: 28654213 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Starting from 3-alkoxy-2-aryl-substituted pyrroles and aromatic aldehydes, a collection of new dipyrrins was prepared. Under the standard conditions of Treibs, these were converted into the corresponding boron dipyrrins (BODIPYs). Compounds of this type with alkoxy groups at C-3 position of both pyrrole subunits are new and hence the photophysical properties of this collection of novel dipyrrins and BODIPY dyes were investigated. The dipyrrins show absorption maxima up to 596 nm and emissions of up to 677 nm. For the BODIPY series a remarkable effect of the alkoxy groups was identified, resulting in red shifts for absorptions and emissions. The compound substituted with two 2-thien-2-yl groups and a meso-C6 F5 substituent shows an absorption maximum at 725 nm and emits at 754 nm and thus is a new representative of a near-IR BODIPY dye related to certain aza-BODIPYs. Our results demonstrate the influence of the alkoxy groups on the spectroscopic data and reveal the potential of 3-alkoxy-2-aryl-substituted pyrroles for the design of new fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schoder
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Hans-Ulrich Reissig
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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Demeter D, Mohamed S, Diac A, Grosu I, Roncali J. Small molecular donors for organic solar cells obtained by simple and clean synthesis. ChemSusChem 2014; 7:1046-1050. [PMID: 24591362 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201301339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A small donor-acceptor molecule is synthesized in a two-step procedure involving reaction of N,N-diphenylhydrazine on 2,5-diformylthiophene and Knoevenagel condensation. Results of UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry show that replacement of the phenyl ring bridge of a reference compound 2 by an azo group produces a slight red-shift of λmax, an enhancement of the molecular absorption coefficient, and a decrease of the energy level of the frontier orbitals. A preliminary evaluation of the potentialities of compound 1 as donor material in a basic bilayer planar heterojunction cell of 28 mm(2) active area using C60 as acceptor gave a short-circuit current density of 6.32 mA cm(-2) and a power conversion efficiency of 2.07 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Demeter
- Group Linear Conjugated Systems, CNRS, Moltech-Anjou, University of Angers, 2 Bd Lavoisier 49045 Angers (France)
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Bera MK, Domínguez M, Hommes P, Reissig HU. The Flögel-three-component reaction with dicarboxylic acids - an approach to bis(β-alkoxy-β-ketoenamides) for the synthesis of complex pyridine and pyrimidine derivatives. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:394-404. [PMID: 24605160 PMCID: PMC3943434 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An extension of the substrate scope of the Flögel-three-component reaction of lithiated alkoxyallenes, nitriles and carboxylic acids is presented. The use of dicarboxylic acids allowed the preparation of symmetrical bis(β-ketoenamides) from simple starting materials in moderate yields. Cyclocondensations of these enamides to 4-hydroxypyridine derivatives or to functionalized pyrimidines efficiently provided symmetrically and unsymmetrically substituted fairly complex (hetero)aromatic compounds containing up to six conjugated aryl and hetaryl groups. In addition, subsequent functionalizations of the obtained heterocycles by palladium-catalyzed couplings or by oxidations are reported. We also describe the simple synthesis of a structurally interesting macrocyclic bispyrimidine derivative incorporating a 17-membered ring, whose configuration was elucidated by DFT calculations and by subsequent reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal K Bera
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustrasse 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany ; Department of Chemistry, Kamaun University, SSJ Campus Almora, Almora-263601, Uttarkhand, India
| | - Moisés Domínguez
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustrasse 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Hommes
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustrasse 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Reissig
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustrasse 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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Jabalee J, Hillier S, Franz-Odendaal TA. An investigation of cellular dynamics during the development of intramembranous bones: the scleral ossicles. J Anat 2013; 223:311-20. [PMID: 23930967 PMCID: PMC3791124 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of intramembranous bone is a dynamic and complex process requiring highly coordinated cellular activities. Although the literature describes the detailed cellular dynamics of early mesoderm-derived endochondral bone, studies regarding neural crest-derived intramembranous bone have failed to keep pace. We analyzed the development of chick scleral ossicles from the onset of osteoid deposition to mineralization at morphological, histological, and ultrastructural levels. We find that the mesenchymal condensations from which ossicles develop change their shape from ellipsoidal to trapezoidal concurrent with an increase in size. Furthermore, the size of an ossicle is dependent upon its time of induction. Our histological analyses of condensation growth reveal cell migration and osteoid secretion as key cellular processes determining condensation size; these processes occur concomitantly to increase both the area and thickness of condensations. We also describe the formation of the zone of overlap between ossicles and conclude that the process is similar to that of cranial suture formation. Finally, transmission electron microscopy of early condensations demonstrates that early osteoblasts secrete collagen parallel to the long axis of the condensation. This study elucidates fundamental mechanisms of intramembranous bone development at the cellular level, furthering our knowledge of this important process among vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jabalee
- Department of Biology, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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