1
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Hu DD, Nie TM, Xiao X, Li K, Li YB, Gao Q, Bi YX, Wang XS. Enantioselective Construction of C-SCF 3 Stereocenters via Nickel Catalyzed Asymmetric Negishi Coupling Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400308. [PMID: 38299744 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The construction of the SCF3-containing 1,1-diaryl tertiary carbon stereocenters with high enantioselectivities is reported via a nickel-catalyzed asymmetric C-C coupling strategy. This method demonstrates simple operations, mild conditions and excellent functional group tolerance, with newly designed SCF3-containing synthon, which can be easily obtained from commercially available benzyl bromide and trifluoromethylthio anion in a two-step manner. Further substrate exploration indicated that the reaction system could be extended to diverse perfluoroalkyl sulfide (SC2F5, SC3F7, SC4F9, SCF2CO2Et)-substituted 1,1-diaryl compounds with excellent enantioselectivities. The synthetic utility of this transformation was further demonstrated by convenient derivatization to optical SCF3-containing analogues of bioactive compounds without an apparent decrease in enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo-Duo Hu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, China
| | - Tian-Mei Nie
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xi Xiao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Kuiliang Li
- School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, China
| | - Yuan-Bo Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Bi
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xi-Sheng Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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2
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Yang Y, Ma J, Zhang J, Cai H, Xu W. Umpolung trifluoromethylthiolation of alcohols. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8663-8666. [PMID: 37881895 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01535a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Herein we develop a metal-free umpolung dehydroxytrifluoromethylthiolation of alcohols with commercially available PPh3 and N-trifluoromethylthiophthalimide within 30 minutes. This protocol shows excellent functional group tolerance and high regioselectivity. The dehydroxytrifluoromethylthiolation of a series of natural products and drugs further demonstrates its practicality. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that PPh3 is responsible for deoxygenation and the key trifluoromethylthiophosphonium ion may be hydrolyzed by H2O in solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China.
| | - Jiemin Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China.
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China.
| | - Hu Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China.
| | - Wentao Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China.
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3
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Banerjee S. Synthesis of Bicyclo[3.2.1]octanones by Regioselective Cyclopropyl Ring Cleavage of Tricyclo[3.3.0.0
2,8
]octanones in an Ionic Liquid. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srirupa Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry Bethune College 101, Bidhan Sarani Kolkata 700006 West Bengal India
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4
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Mizuta S, Kitamura K, Morii Y, Ishihara J, Yamaguchi T, Ishikawa T. Trifluoromethylthiolation of Hindered α-Bromoamides with Nucleophilic Trifluoromethylthiolating Reagents. J Org Chem 2021; 86:18017-18029. [PMID: 34855413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
General methods have not been previously developed for the synthesis of sterically hindered α-SCF3-substituted carbonyl compounds using nucleophilic trifluoromethylthiolating reagents. Thus, we herein report sp3C-SCF3 bond formation in hindered α-bromoamides containing 3-bromo-oxindoles and linear α-bromoamides using CuSCF3 or AgSCF3 under mild conditions to access sterically hindered α-SCF3-substituted amides. This transformation is applicable to not only 3-SCF3-substituted oxindoles but also primary and secondary amides and reveals a broad functional group tolerance. This method will benefit the fields of medicinal and agricultural chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Mizuta
- Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Kanami Kitamura
- Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Yuki Morii
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Jun Ishihara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yamaguchi
- Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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5
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Solvent free nucleophilic selenocyanation with [bmim][SeCN]. Direct access to perfluoroalkylselenide compounds. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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6
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Cao Y, Ahmadi R, Poor Heravi MR, Issakhov A, Ebadi AG, Vessally E. Recent trends in dehydroxylative trifluoro-methylation, -methoxylation, -methylthiolation, and -methylselenylation of alcohols. RSC Adv 2021; 11:39593-39606. [PMID: 35492477 PMCID: PMC9044802 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05018d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This review studies on the direct dehydroxylative trifluoromethylation, trifluoromethoxylation, trifluoromethylthiolation, and trifluoromethylselenylation of alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cao
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Roya Ahmadi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Alibek Issakhov
- Department of Mathematical and Computer Modelling, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 050040, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Department of Mathematics and Cybernetics, Kazakh British Technical University, 050000, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Abdol Ghaffar Ebadi
- Department of Agriculture, Jouybar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jouybar, Iran
| | - Esmail Vessally
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Liu Y, Xu X, Qing F. Deoxygenative 1,1‐Bis‐trifluoromethylthiolation of Aromatic Aldehydes to Access Bis(trifluoromethylthio)methylarenes. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin‐Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Science 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu‐Hua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Science 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Feng‐Ling Qing
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Science 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
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8
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Zhang W, Lin J, Wu W, Cao Y, Xiao J. Dehydroxylative Trifluoromethylthiolation, Trifluoromethylation, and Difluoromethylation of Alcohols. CHINESE J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Jin‐Hong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Wenfeng Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Guiyang University 103 Jianlongdong Road, Nanming District Guiyang Guizhou 550005 China
| | - Yu‐Cai Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Polyolefins and Catalysis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Catalysis Technology for Polyolefins, Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Ji‐Chang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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9
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Dix S, Jakob M, Hopkinson MN. Deoxytrifluoromethylthiolation and Selenylation of Alcohols by Using Benzothiazolium Reagents. Chemistry 2019; 25:7635-7639. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Dix
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Michael Jakob
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Matthew N. Hopkinson
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
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10
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Liu YL, Xu XH, Qing FL. Regioselective dehydroxytrifluoromethylthiolation of allylic and propargylic alcohols with AgSCF3. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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11
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Sokolenko LV, Orlova RK, Filatov AA, Yagupolskii YL, Magnier E, Pégot B, Diter P. General, Practical and Selective Oxidation Protocol for CF₃S into CF₃S(O) Group. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071249. [PMID: 30935001 PMCID: PMC6479840 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and efficient protocol for the oxidation of trifluoromethyl, mono- and difluoromethyl sulfides to the corresponding sulfoxides without over-oxidation to sulfones, using TFPAA prepared in situ from trifluoroacetic acid and 15% H₂O₂ aqueous solution was developed. The methodology is suitable for a wide range of aromatic and aliphatic substrates in milligram and multigram scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubov V Sokolenko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmans'ka Str. 5, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Raisa K Orlova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmans'ka Str. 5, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Andrey A Filatov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmans'ka Str. 5, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Yurii L Yagupolskii
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmans'ka Str. 5, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine.
- Enamine Ltd, A. Matrosova str. 23, Kiev 01103, Ukraine.
| | - Emmanuel Magnier
- Bâtiment Lavoisier, Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin, 45 avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles, France.
| | - Bruce Pégot
- Bâtiment Lavoisier, Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin, 45 avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles, France.
| | - Patrick Diter
- Bâtiment Lavoisier, Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin, 45 avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles, France.
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12
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Liu YL, Xu XH, Qing FL. Synthesis of vinyl and electron-deficient aryl trifluoromethyl sulfides via Csp2−OH bond activation with AgSCF3 and n-Bu4NI/KI. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Xu W, Ma J, Yuan XA, Dai J, Xie J, Zhu C. Synergistic Catalysis for the Umpolung Trifluoromethylthiolation of Tertiary Ethers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10357-10361. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry, Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Junyang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry, Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Ai Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; Qufu 273165 P. R. China
| | - Jie Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry, Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry, Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Chengjian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry, Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
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14
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Xu W, Ma J, Yuan XA, Dai J, Xie J, Zhu C. Synergistic Catalysis for the Umpolung Trifluoromethylthiolation of Tertiary Ethers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry, Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Junyang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry, Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Ai Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; Qufu 273165 P. R. China
| | - Jie Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry, Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry, Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Chengjian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry, Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
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15
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Maury J, Force G, Darses B, Lebœuf D. Boron Trifluoride‐Mediated Trifluoromethylthiolation of
N
‐Acyliminiums. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Maury
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, CNRS UMR 8182, Univ. Paris-SudUniversité Paris-Saclay Bâtiment 420 91405 Orsay cedex France
| | - Guillaume Force
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, CNRS UMR 8182, Univ. Paris-SudUniversité Paris-Saclay Bâtiment 420 91405 Orsay cedex France
| | - Benjamin Darses
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay 1 av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - David Lebœuf
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, CNRS UMR 8182, Univ. Paris-SudUniversité Paris-Saclay Bâtiment 420 91405 Orsay cedex France
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16
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Saidalimu I, Yoshioka T, Liang Y, Tokunaga E, Shibata N. The CF3-DAST-induced deacylative trifluoromethylthiolation of cyclic 1,3-diketones/lactams/lactones and its extension to deacylative pentafluorophenylthiolation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:8761-8764. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05409f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CF3-DAST-induced deacylative trifluoromethylthiolation of cyclic 1,3-diketones lactams, and lactones that provides cyclic trifluoromethylthioketones, lactams and lactones is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrayim Saidalimu
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Gokiso
- Nagoya-466-8555
- Japan
| | - Takuya Yoshioka
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Gokiso
- Nagoya-466-8555
- Japan
| | - Yumeng Liang
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Gokiso
- Nagoya-466-8555
- Japan
| | - Etsuko Tokunaga
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Gokiso
- Nagoya-466-8555
- Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Gokiso
- Nagoya-466-8555
- Japan
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