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Yang X, Su XC, Xuan W. Genetically Encoded Photocaged Proteinogenic and Non-Proteinogenic Amino Acids. Chembiochem 2024:e202400393. [PMID: 38831474 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Photocaged amino acids could be genetically encoded into proteins via genetic code expansion (GCE) and constitute unique tools for innovative protein engineering. There are a number of photocaged proteinogenic amino acids that allow strategic conversion of proteins into their photocaged variants, thus enabling spatiotemporal and non-invasive regulation of protein functions using light. Meanwhile, there are a hand of photocaged non-proteinogenic amino acids that address the challenges in directly encoding certain non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) that structurally resemble proteinogenic ones or possess highly reactive functional groups. Herein, we would like to summarize the efforts in encoding photocaged proteinogenic and non-proteinogenic amino acids, hoping to draw more attention to this fruitful and exciting scientific campaign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Yang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xun-Cheng Su
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Weimin Xuan
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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2
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Judge N, Heise A. Investigation of the Effectiveness of Photo Deprotection of Polypeptides in Solution and within the Core of Miniemulsion-Derived Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2024; 57:1979-1987. [PMID: 38495387 PMCID: PMC10938878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c02538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Homopolymerization of ortho-nitrobenzyl (oNB)-protected l-cysteine and l-glutamic acid was systematically studied in different solvents and at different monomer to initiator ratios, revealing the best reaction control in dimethylformamide (DMF) across a range of degrees of polymerization. In the subsequent ultraviolet (UV)-cleavage studies, it was found that quantitative deprotection upon UV exposure at 365 nm was not achievable for either of the homopolypeptides as confirmed by 1H NMR and UV/visible (UV/vis) analyses. While the poly(oNB-l-cysteine) deprotected more readily with no effect of the polypeptide molecular weight, lower molecular weight poly(oNB-l-glutamate) reached maximum deprotection faster than high molecular weight samples. This was further confirmed by the pH changes of the solution. When incorporated into the core of miniemulsion-derived nanoparticles, both oNB-protected copolypeptides were successfully deprotected as evident from a color change and a pH change in the case of poly(oNB-l-glutamate). However, the removal of the deprotection byproduct nitrosobenzaldehyde proved unsuccessful, which indicates a diffusion barrier caused by the nanoparticle's surfactant. The study provides insights and guidelines for the UV deprotection of polypeptides and demonstrates the ability to selectively UV-deprotect polypeptides in the confined space of a nanoparticle dispersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Judge
- Department
of Chemistry, RCSI University of Medicine
and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Andreas Heise
- Department
of Chemistry, RCSI University of Medicine
and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
- Science
Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM),
RCSI, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
- AMBER,
The SFI Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, RCSI, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
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3
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Wang P, Gravel V, Bueno V, Galhardi JA, Roginski A, Ghoshal S, Wilkinson KJ, Bayen S. Effect of nanopesticides (azoxystrobin and bifenthrin) on the phenolic content and metabolic profiles of strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:6780-6789. [PMID: 37357569 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanoencapsulation has opened promising fields of innovation for pesticides. Conventional pesticides can cause side effects on plant metabolism. To date, the effect of nanoencapsulated pesticides on plant phenolic contents has not been reported. RESULTS In this study, a comparative evaluation of the phenolic contents and metabolic profiles of strawberries was performed for plants grown under controlled field conditions and treated with two separate active ingredients, azoxystrobin and bifenthrin, loaded into two different types of nanocarriers (Allosperse® polymeric nanoparticles and SiO2 nanoparticles). There were small but significant decreases of the total phenolic content (9%) and pelargonidin 3-glucoside content (6%) in strawberries treated with the nanopesticides. An increase of 31% to 125% was observed in the levels of gallic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol in the strawberries treated with the nanoencapsulated pesticides compared with the conventional treatments. The effects of the nanocarriers on the metabolite and phenolic profiles was identified by principal component analysis. CONCLUSION Overall, even though the effects of nanopesticides on the phenological parameters of strawberry plants were not obvious, there were significant changes to the plants at a molecular level. In particular, nanocarriers had some subtle effects on plant health and fruit quality through variations in total and individual phenolics in the fruits. Further research will be needed to assess the impact of diverse nanopesticides on other groups of plant metabolites. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiying Wang
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Valérie Gravel
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Vinicius Bueno
- Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Alexandra Roginski
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Subhasis Ghoshal
- Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Kevin J Wilkinson
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bayen
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
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Gan K, Liang C, Bi X, Wu J, Ye Z, Wu W, Hu B. Adhesive Materials Inspired by Barnacle Underwater Adhesion: Biological Principles and Biomimetic Designs. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:870445. [PMID: 35573228 PMCID: PMC9097139 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.870445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Wet adhesion technology has potential applications in various fields, especially in the biomedical field, yet it has not been completely mastered by humans. Many aquatic organisms (e.g., mussels, sandcastle worms, and barnacles) have evolved into wet adhesion specialists with excellent underwater adhesion abilities, and mimicking their adhesion principles to engineer artificial adhesive materials offers an important avenue to address the wet adhesion issue. The crustacean barnacle secretes a proteinaceous adhesive called barnacle cement, with which they firmly attach their bodies to almost any substrate underwater. Owing to the unique chemical composition, structural property, and adhesion mechanism, barnacle cement has attracted widespread research interest as a novel model for designing biomimetic adhesive materials, with significant progress being made. To further boost the development of barnacle cement–inspired adhesive materials (BCIAMs), it is necessary to systematically summarize their design strategies and research advances. However, no relevant reviews have been published yet. In this context, we presented a systematic review for the first time. First, we introduced the underwater adhesion principles of natural barnacle cement, which lay the basis for the design of BCIAMs. Subsequently, we classified the BCIAMs into three major categories according to the different design strategies and summarized their research advances in great detail. Finally, we discussed the research challenge and future trends of this field. We believe that this review can not only improve our understanding of the molecular mechanism of barnacle underwater adhesion but also accelerate the development of barnacle-inspired wet adhesion technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesheng Gan
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Chao Liang
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Chao Liang, ; Biru Hu,
| | - Xiangyun Bi
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jizhe Wu
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Zonghuang Ye
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Wenjian Wu
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Biru Hu
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Chao Liang, ; Biru Hu,
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Asahara H, Bonkohara A, Takagi M, Iwai K, Ito A, Yoshioka K, Tani S, Umezu K, Nishiwaki N. Development of a synthetic equivalent of α,α-dicationic acetic acid leading to unnatural amino acid derivatives via tetrafunctionalized methanes. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2282-2292. [PMID: 35234775 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02482e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diethyl mesoxalate (DEMO) exhibits high electrophilicity and accepts the nucleophilic addition of a less nucleophilic acid amide to afford N,O-hemiacetal. However, our research showed that elimination of the amide moiety proceeded more easily than dehydration upon treatment with a base. This problem was overcome by reacting DEMO with an acid amide in the presence of acetic anhydride to efficiently obtain N,O-acetal. Acetic acid was eliminated leading to the formation of N-acylimine in situ upon treatment with the base. N-Acylimine is also electrophilic, accepting the second nucleophilic addition by pyrrole or indole to form α,α-disubstituted malonates. Subsequent hydrolysis followed by decarboxylation resulted in (α-indolyl-α-acylamino)acetic acid formation; homologs of tryptophan. Through this process, DEMO serves as a synthetic equivalent of α,α-dicationic acetic acid to facilitate nucleophilic introduction of the two substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruyasu Asahara
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan. .,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-6, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Bonkohara
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan.
| | - Masaya Takagi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan.
| | - Kento Iwai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan. .,Research Center for Molecular Design, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
| | - Akitaka Ito
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan. .,Research Center for Molecular Design, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
| | - Kotaro Yoshioka
- Kumiai Chemical Industry Co. Ltd., Nakanogo, Fuji, Shizuoka 421-3306, Japan
| | - Shinki Tani
- Kumiai Chemical Industry Co. Ltd., Nakanogo, Fuji, Shizuoka 421-3306, Japan
| | - Kazuto Umezu
- Kumiai Chemical Industry Co. Ltd., Nakanogo, Fuji, Shizuoka 421-3306, Japan
| | - Nagatoshi Nishiwaki
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan. .,Research Center for Molecular Design, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
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Nagasawa S, Fujiki S, Sasano Y, Iwabuchi Y. Chromium-Salen Complex/Nitroxyl Radical Cooperative Catalysis: A Combination for Aerobic Intramolecular Dearomative Coupling of Phenols. J Org Chem 2021; 86:6952-6968. [PMID: 33890777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe an aerobic intramolecular dearomative coupling reaction of tethered phenols using a catalytic system consisting of a chromium-salen (Cr-salen) complex combined with a nitroxyl radical. This novel catalytic system enables formation of various spirocyclic dienone products including those unable to be accessed by previously reported methods efficiently under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Nagasawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shogo Fujiki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sasano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Iwabuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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Fu H, Li P, Wang Z, Li X, Dai Q, Hu C. Synthesis of protected α-amino acids via decarboxylation amination from malonate derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:4439-4446. [PMID: 32469354 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00677g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A general and efficient strategy for the synthesis of protected α-amino acids is reported. The method uses malonate derivatives as the starting materials and Cs2CO3 as a base at 60 degrees, giving α-amino acid derivatives in moderate yields by releasing CO2. This methodology shows broad substrate scope (primary and secondary acids), excellent functional group tolerance and high efficiency to give the desired products under mild reaction conditions. It also allows the construction of β and γ-amino acids and other unnatural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Fu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Peihe Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Qipu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Changwen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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Budisa N, Schneider T. Expanding the DOPA Universe with Genetically Encoded, Mussel-Inspired Bioadhesives for Material Sciences and Medicine. Chembiochem 2019; 20:2163-2190. [PMID: 30830997 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Catechols are a biologically relevant group of aromatic diols that have attracted much attention as mediators of adhesion of "bio-glue" proteins in mussels of the genus Mytilus. These organisms use catechols in the form of the noncanonical amino acid l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) as a building block for adhesion proteins. The DOPA is generated post-translationally from tyrosine. Herein, we review the properties, natural occurrence, and reactivity of catechols in the design of bioinspired materials. We also provide a basic description of the mussel's attachment apparatus, the interplay between its different molecules that play a crucial role in adhesion, and the role of post-translational modifications (PTMs) of these proteins. Our focus is on the microbial production of mussel foot proteins with the aid of orthogonal translation systems (OTSs) and the use of genetic code engineering to solve some fundamental problems in the bioproduction of these bioadhesives and to expand their chemical space. The major limitation of bacterial expression systems is their intrinsic inability to introduce PTMs. OTSs have the potential to overcome these challenges by replacing canonical amino acids with noncanonical ones. In this way, PTM steps are circumvented while the genetically programmed precision of protein sequences is preserved. In addition, OTSs should enable spatiotemporal control over the complex adhesion process, because the catechol function can be masked by suitable chemical protection. Such caged residues can then be noninvasively unmasked by, for example, UV irradiation or thermal treatment. All of these features make OTSs based on genetic code engineering in reprogrammed microbial strains new and promising tools in bioinspired materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nediljko Budisa
- Institute of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Müller-Breslau-Strasse 10, Berlin, 10623, Germany.,Chair of Chemical Synthetic Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, R3T 2N2, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Tobias Schneider
- Institute of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Müller-Breslau-Strasse 10, Berlin, 10623, Germany
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