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Cvetnić M, Cindro N, Topić E, Bregović N, Tomišić V. Supramolecular Handshakes: Characterization of Urea-Carboxylate Interactions Within Calixarene Frameworks. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202400130. [PMID: 38526220 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The research of molecular capsules offers high application potential and numerous benefits in various fields. With the aim of forming supramolecular capsules which can be reversibly assembled and dissociated by simple external stimuli, we studied interactions between calixarenes containing urea and carboxylate moieties. To this end two ureido-derivatives of p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene comprising phenylureido-moieties and diacetate-calix[4]arenes were prepared. The binding of acetate by ureido-derivatives of calixarene in acetonitrile was characterized, revealing high affinity of ureido-calixarenes for carboxylates. This suggested high potential for uniting the complementary calix[4]arenes via H-bonds between carboxylic groups and urea moieties. The assembly of calixarenes was examined in detail by means of UV, 1H NMR, ITC, DOSY, MS, and conductometry providing insight in the structure-stability relationship. The tetraureido-calixarene derivative formed the most stable heterodimers with diacetate-calix[4]arenes featuring practically quantitative association upon mixing the two calixarene counterparts. The possibility of controlling the formation of the heterodimer by protonating the carboxylates, thereby hindering the interactions critical for capsule assembly, was investigated. Indeed, the reversibility of breaking and re-forming the heterodimer by addition of an acid and base to the solution containing urea- and carboxylate-derivative calix[4]arene was demonstrated using NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cvetnić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - N Cindro
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - E Topić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - N Bregović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - V Tomišić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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2
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Miranda AS, Marcos PM, Ascenso JR, Berberan-Santos MN, Menezes F. Anion Binding by Fluorescent Ureido-Hexahomotrioxacalix[3]arene Receptors: An NMR, Absorption and Emission Spectroscopic Study. Molecules 2022; 27:3247. [PMID: 35630730 PMCID: PMC9142983 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent receptors (4a-4c) based on (thio)ureido-functionalized hexahomotrioxacalix[3]arenes were synthesised and obtained in the partial cone conformation in solution. Naphthyl or pyrenyl fluorogenic units were introduced at the lower rim of the calixarene skeleton via a butyl spacer. The binding of biologically and environmentally relevant anions was studied with NMR, UV-vis absorption, and fluorescence titrations. Fluorescence of the pyrenyl receptor 4c displays both monomer and excimer fluorescence. The thermodynamics of complexation was determined in acetonitrile and was entropy-driven. Computational studies were also performed to bring further insight into the binding process. The data showed that association constants increase with the anion basicity, and AcO-, BzO- and F- were the best bound anions for all receptors. Pyrenylurea 4c is a slightly better receptor than naphthylurea 4a, and both are more efficient than naphthyl thiourea 4b. In addition, ureas 4a and 4c were also tested as ditopic receptors in the recognition of alkylammonium salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre S. Miranda
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
- IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paula M. Marcos
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José R. Ascenso
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Complexo I, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Mário N. Berberan-Santos
- IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipe Menezes
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
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Zhao LL, Yan CG. Synthesis of p-tert-Butyldihomooxacalix[4]arene Mono-substituted Dithiocarbonylhydrazones and Dithiosemicarbazones. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2019.1600559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chao-Guo Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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4
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Miranda AS, Marcos PM, Ascenso JR, Robalo MP, Bonifácio VDB, Berberan-Santos MN, Hickey N, Geremia S. Conventional vs. Microwave- or Mechanically-Assisted Synthesis of Dihomooxacalix[4]arene Phthalimides: NMR, X-ray and Photophysical Analysis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061503. [PMID: 33801929 PMCID: PMC7998390 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct O-alkylation of p-tert-butyldihomooxacalix[4]arene (1) with N-(bromopropyl)- or N-(bromoethyl)phthalimides and K2CO3 in acetonitrile was conducted under conventional heating (reflux) and using microwave irradiation and ball milling methodologies. The reactions afforded mono- and mainly distal di-substituted derivatives in the cone conformation, in a total of eight compounds. They were isolated by column chromatography, and their conformations and the substitution patterns were established by NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C, COSY and NOESY experiments). The X-ray structures of four dihomooxacalix[4]arene phthalimide derivatives (2a, 3a, 3b and 5a) are reported, as well as their photophysical properties. The microwave (MW)-assisted alkylations drastically reduced the reaction times (from days to less than 45 min) and produced higher yields of both 1,3-di-substituted phthalimides (3a and 6a) with higher selectivity. Ball milling did not reveal to be a good method for this kind of reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre S. Miranda
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
- IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (V.D.B.B.); (M.N.B.-S.)
| | - Paula M. Marcos
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - José R. Ascenso
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Complexo I, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.R.A.); (M.P.R.)
| | - M. Paula Robalo
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Complexo I, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.R.A.); (M.P.R.)
- Área Departamental de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro, 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vasco D. B. Bonifácio
- IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (V.D.B.B.); (M.N.B.-S.)
| | - Mário N. Berberan-Santos
- IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (V.D.B.B.); (M.N.B.-S.)
| | - Neal Hickey
- Centre of Excellence in Biocrystallography, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (N.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Silvano Geremia
- Centre of Excellence in Biocrystallography, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (N.H.); (S.G.)
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A highly selective anthraquinone appended oxacalixarene receptor for fluorescent ICT sensing of F− ions: an experimental and computational study. J CHEM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-020-01862-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Dihomooxacalix[4]arene-Based Fluorescent Receptors for Anion and Organic Ion Pair Recognition. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204708. [PMID: 33066580 PMCID: PMC7587342 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent dihomooxacalix[4]arene-based receptors 5a-5c, bearing two naphthyl(thio)ureido groups at the lower rim via a butyl spacer, were synthesised and obtained in the cone conformation in solution. The X-ray crystal structures of 1,3- (5a) and 3,4-dinaphthylurea (5b) derivatives are reported. Their binding properties towards several anions of different geometries were assessed by 1H-NMR, UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence titrations. Structural and energetic insights of the naphthylurea 5a and 5b complexes were also obtained using quantum mechanical calculations. The data showed that all receptors follow the same trend, the association constants increase with the anion basicity, and the strongest complexes were obtained with F-, followed by the oxoanions AcO- and BzO-. Proximal urea 5b is a better anion receptor compared to distal urea 5a, and both are more efficient than thiourea 5c. Compounds 5a and 5b were also investigated as heteroditopic receptors for biologically relevant alkylammonium salts, such as the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA·HCl) and the betaine deoxycarnitine·HCl. Chiral recognition towards the guest sec-butylamine·HCl was also tested, and a 5:2 selectivity for (R)-sec-BuNH3+·Cl- towards (P) or (M) enantiomers of the inherently chiral receptor 5a was shown. Based on DFT calculations, the complex [(S)-sec-BuNH3+·Cl-/(M)-5a] was indicated as the more stable.
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Teixeira FA, Ascenso JR, Cragg PJ, Hickey N, Geremia S, Marcos PM. Recognition of Anions, Monoamine Neurotransmitter and Trace Amine Hydrochlorides by Ureido-Hexahomotrioxacalix[3]arene Ditopic Receptors. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filipa A. Teixeira
- Centro de Química Estrutural; Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa; Edifício C8 1749-016 Lisboa Portugal
| | - José R. Ascenso
- Centro de Química Estrutural; Instituto Superior Técnico; Complexo I, Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Peter J. Cragg
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences; Huxley Building; University of Brighton; BN2 4GJ Brighton UK
| | - Neal Hickey
- Centre of Excellence in Biocrystallography; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Trieste; via L. Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Silvano Geremia
- Centre of Excellence in Biocrystallography; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Trieste; via L. Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Paula M. Marcos
- Centro de Química Estrutural; Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa; Edifício C8 1749-016 Lisboa Portugal
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa; Av. Prof. Gama Pinto 1649-003 Lisboa Portugal
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Miranda AS, Serbetci D, Marcos PM, Ascenso JR, Berberan-Santos MN, Hickey N, Geremia S. Ditopic Receptors Based on Dihomooxacalix[4]arenes Bearing Phenylurea Moieties With Electron-Withdrawing Groups for Anions and Organic Ion Pairs. Front Chem 2019; 7:758. [PMID: 31781541 PMCID: PMC6857623 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Two bidentate dihomooxacalix[4]arene receptors bearing phenylurea moieties substituted with electron-withdrawing groups at the lower rim via a butyl spacer (CF3-Phurea 5b and NO2 Phurea 5c) were obtained in the cone conformation in solution, as shown by NMR. The X-ray crystal structure of 5b is reported. The binding affinity of these receptors toward several relevant anions was investigated by 1H NMR, UV-Vis absorption in different solvents, and fluorescence titrations. Compounds 5b and 5c were also tested as ditopic receptors for organic ion pairs, namely monoamine neurotransmitters and trace amine hydrochlorides by 1H NMR studies. The data showed that both receptors follow the same trend and, in comparison with the unsubstituted phenylurea 5a, they exhibit a significant enhancement on their host-guest properties, owing to the increased acidity of their urea NH protons. NO2-Phurea 5c is the best anion receptor, displaying the strongest complexation for F−, closely followed by the oxoanions BzO−, AcO−, and HSO4-. Concerning ion pair recognition, both ditopic receptors presented an outstanding efficiency for the amine hydrochlorides, mainly 5c, with association constants higher than 109 M−2 in the case of phenylethylamine and tyramine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre S Miranda
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro de Química-Física Molecular, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN) and IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Defne Serbetci
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula M Marcos
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José R Ascenso
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mário N Berberan-Santos
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN) and IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Neal Hickey
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre of Excellence in Biocrystallography, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvano Geremia
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre of Excellence in Biocrystallography, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Bahojb Noruzi E, Kheirkhahi M, Shaabani B, Geremia S, Hickey N, Asaro F, Nitti P, Kafil HS. Design of a Thiosemicarbazide-Functionalized Calix[4]arene Ligand and Related Transition Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Studies. Front Chem 2019; 7:663. [PMID: 31649917 PMCID: PMC6794423 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized a new thiosemicarbazide-functionalized calix[4]arene L and its Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ transition metal complexes. For characterization several techniques were employed: Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C-NMR, 15N-NMR, correlation spectroscopy (COZY), nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy (NOESY), electrospray ionization (ESI)-mass spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and elemental analysis. To explore the capability of the thiosemicarbazide function hosted on a calix[4]arene scaffold for growth inhibition of bacteria, fungi, and cancerous tumor cells, a series of biological evaluations were performed. For L, the antimicrobial tests revealed a higher antibacterial activity against gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and a lower activity against gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), whereas the gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus shows resistance. All examined metal derivatives show an enhancement of the antibacterial activity against gram-negative E. coli bacteria, with a more significant improvement for the Ni2+ and Zn2+ complexes. MTT assays showed a considerable in vitro anticancer activity of Co2+, Ni2+, and Cu2+ complexes against Saos-2 bone cancer cell lines. The activity is ascribable to the inorganic ions rather than calixarene ligand. Hemolysis assay results demonstrated that all compounds have high blood compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Bahojb Noruzi
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Kheirkhahi
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behrouz Shaabani
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Silvano Geremia
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Neal Hickey
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fioretta Asaro
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Patrizia Nitti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Zhao LL, Yang XS, Chong H, Wang Y, Yan CG. Multi-point interaction-based recognition of fluoride ions by tert-butyldihomooxacalix[4]arenes bearing phenolic hydroxyls and thiourea. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj06333h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of p-tert-butyldihomooxacalix[4]arenes bearing phenolic hydroxyls and thiourea moieties were prepared to investigate their anion binding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Zhao
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- China
| | - Xiao-Song Yang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- China
| | - Hui Chong
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- China
| | - Chao-Guo Yan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- China
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