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Müller K, Schellhammer KS, Gräßler N, Debnath B, Liu F, Krupskaya Y, Leo K, Knupfer M, Ortmann F. Directed exciton transport highways in organic semiconductors. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5599. [PMID: 37699907 PMCID: PMC10497625 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41044-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Exciton bandwidths and exciton transport are difficult to control by material design. We showcase the intriguing excitonic properties in an organic semiconductor material with specifically tailored functional groups, in which extremely broad exciton bands in the near-infrared-visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum are observed by electron energy loss spectroscopy and theoretically explained by a close contact between tightly packing molecules and by their strong interactions. This is induced by the donor-acceptor type molecular structure and its resulting crystal packing, which induces a remarkable anisotropy that should lead to a strongly directed transport of excitons. The observations and detailed understanding of the results yield blueprints for the design of molecular structures in which similar molecular features might be used to further explore the tunability of excitonic bands and pave a way for organic materials with strongly enhanced transport and built-in control of the propagation direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Müller
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl S Schellhammer
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nico Gräßler
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bipasha Debnath
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yulia Krupskaya
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Leo
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Knupfer
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Ortmann
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching b. München, Germany.
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Ogurtsov VA, Rakitin OA. New Cycloadditon Reaction of 2-Chloroprop-2-enethioamides with Dialkyl Acetylenedicarboxylates: Synthesis of Dialkyl 2-[4,5-bis(alkoxycarbonyl)-2-(aryl{alkyl}imino)-3(2 H)-thienylidene]-1,3-dithiole-4,5-dicarboxylates. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27206887. [PMID: 36296480 PMCID: PMC9610143 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of 1,2-dithiole-3-thiones with alkynes to form 1,3-dithioles is one of the most studied reactions in this class of polysulfur-containing heterocycles. Nucleophilic substitution of chlorine atoms in dimethyl 2-(1,2-dichloro-2-thioxoethylidene)-1,3-dithiole-4,5-dicarboxylate, which was obtained by addition one molecules of DMAD to 4,5-dichloro-3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione, led to a series of 2-chloro-2-(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)ethanethioamides. Cycloaddition reaction of 2-chloro-2-(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)ethanethioamides with activated alkynes led to the unexpected formation of 2-(thiophen-3(2H)-ylidene)-1,3-dithioles via new intermediate, 1-(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-N-phenylethan-1-yliumimidothioate. Structure of dimethyl 2-(4,5-bis(methoxycarbonyl)-2-(phenylimino)thiophen-3(2H)-ylidene)-1,3-dithiole-4,5-dicarboxylate was finally proven by single crystal X-ray diffraction study. Optimized reaction conditions and a mechanistic rationale for the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of novel intermediate are presented.
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Venkateswararao A, Wong KT. Small Molecules for Vacuum-Processed Organic Photovoltaics: Past, Current Status, and Prospect. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ken-Tsung Wong
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Preparation and Properties of Films of Organic-Inorganic Perovskites MAPbX3 (MA = CH3NH3; X = Cl, Br, I) for Solar Cells: A Review. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11237-021-09666-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Tejeda-Orusco V, Andreu R, Orduna J, Villacampa B, Franco S, Civera A. Twisted One-Dimensional Charge Transfer and Related Y-Shaped Chromophores with a 4 H-Pyranylidene Donor: Synthesis and Optical Properties. J Org Chem 2021; 86:3152-3163. [PMID: 33530683 PMCID: PMC9161450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Three series of push–pull
derivatives bearing 4H-pyranylidene as electron donor
group and a variety of acceptors
were designed. On one hand, one-dimensional chromophores with a thiophene
ring (series 1H) or 5-dimethylaminothiophene moiety (series 1N) as an auxiliary donor, non-coplanar with the π-conjugated
system, were synthesized. On the other hand, related two-dimensional
(2D) Y-shaped chromophores (series 2) were also prepared
to compare how the diverse architectures affect the electrochemical,
linear, and second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. The presence
of the 5-dimethylaminothiophene moiety in the exocyclic C=C
bond of the pyranylidene unit gives rise to oxidation potentials rarely
low, and the protonation (with an excess of trifluoroacetic acid)
of its derivatives results in the apparition of a new blue-shifted
band in the UV–visible spectra. The analysis of the properties
of derivatives with and without the additional thiophene ring shows
that this auxiliary donor leads to a higher NLO response, accompanied
by an enhanced transparency. Y-shaped chromophores of series 2 present a blue-shifted absorption, higher molar extinction
coefficients, and higher Eox values compared
to their linear twisted counterparts. As concerns NLO properties,
2D Y-shaped architecture gives rise to somewhat lower μβ
values (except for thiobarbiturate derivatives).
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Tejeda-Orusco
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA)-Departamento de Química Orgánica, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Raquel Andreu
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA)-Departamento de Química Orgánica, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Jesús Orduna
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA)-Departamento de Química Orgánica, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Belén Villacampa
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA)-Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Santiago Franco
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA)-Departamento de Química Orgánica, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Alba Civera
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA)-Departamento de Química Orgánica, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
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Srinivasa Rao P, L Puyad A, V Bhosale S, V Bhosale S. Triphenylamine-Merocyanine-Based D1-A1-π-A2/A3-D2 Chromophore System: Synthesis, Optoelectronic, and Theoretical Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1621. [PMID: 30939780 PMCID: PMC6479914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
donor⁻acceptorDonor⁻acceptor⁻π⁻acceptor⁻donor (D1-A1-π-A2/A3-D2)-type small molecules, such TPA-MC-2 and TPA-MC-3, were designed and synthesized starting from donor-substituted alkynes (TPA-MC-1) via [2 + 2] cycloaddition-retroelectrocyclization reaction with tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) units, respectively. TPA-MC-2 and TPA-MC-3 chromophores differ on the A2/A3 acceptor subunit, which is 1,1,4,4-tetracyanobutadiene (TCBD) and a dicyanoquinodicyanomethane (DCQDCM), respectively. Both the derivative bearing same donors D1 (triphenylamine) and D2 (trimethylindolinm) and also same A1 (monocyano) as an acceptor, tetracyano with an aryl rings as the π-bridging moiety. The incorporation of TCNE and TCNQ as strong electron withdrawing units led to strong intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) interactions, resulting in lower LUMO energy levels. Comparative UV⁻Vis absorption, fluorescence emission, and electrochemical and computational studies were performed to understand the effects of the TCNE and TCNQ subunits incorporated on TPA-MC-2 and TPA-MC-3, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedada Srinivasa Rao
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Avinash L Puyad
- School of Chemical Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded 431606, India.
| | - Sidhanath V Bhosale
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Humeniuk HV, Derevyanko NA, Ishchenko AA, Kulinich AV. Merocyanines based on 1,2-diphenyl-3,5-pyrazolidinedione. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03275d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The acceptor strength of the 1,2-diphenyl-3,5-pyrazolidinedione residue is re-evaluated based on the spectral-fluorescent properties of donor–acceptor dyes. Low fluorescence of the title compounds is explained by the low-lying forbidden ππ*-state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heorhii V. Humeniuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
- 02094 Kyiv
- Ukraine
| | | | | | - Andrii V. Kulinich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
- 02094 Kyiv
- Ukraine
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