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Noor A, Roselt PD, McGowan ER, Poniger S, Wheatcroft MP, Donnelly PS. Automated synthesis of [ 89Zr]ZrCl 4, [ 89Zr]ZrDFOSquaramide-bisPh(PSMA) and [ 89Zr]ZrDFOSquaramide-TATE. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2024; 9:39. [PMID: 38717578 PMCID: PMC11078908 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-024-00270-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Automated [89Zr]Zr-radiolabeling processes have the potential to streamline the production of [89Zr]Zr-labelled PET imaging agents. Most radiolabeling protocols use [89Zr][Zr(ox)4]4- as the starting material and oxalate is removed after radiolabeling. In some instances, radiolabeling with [89Zr]ZrCl4 as starting material gives better radiochemical yields at lower reaction temperatures. In this work, a fully-automated process for production of [89Zr]ZrCl4 is reported and its use for the synthesis of [89Zr]ZrDFOSq-bisPhPSMA and [89Zr]ZrDFOSq-TATE. RESULTS A simple automated process for the isolation of [89Zr]ZrCl4 by trapping [89Zr][Zr(ox)4]4- on a bicarbonate-activated strong anion exchange cartridge followed by elution with 0.1 M HCl in 1 M NaCl was developed. [89Zr]ZrCl4 was routinely recovered from [89Zr][Zr(ox)4]4- in > 95% yield in mildly acidic solution of 0.1 M HCl in 1 M NaCl using a fully-automated process. The [89Zr]ZrCl4 was neutralized with sodium acetate buffer (0.25 M) removing the requirement for cumbersome manual neutralization with strong base. The mixture of [89Zr]ZrCl4 was used for direct automated radiolabeling reactions to produce [89Zr]Zr-DFOSquaramide-bisPhPSMA and [89Zr]ZrDFOSquaramide-TATE in 80-90% over all RCY in > 95% RCP. CONCLUSIONS This method for the production of [89Zr]ZrCl4 does not require removal of HCl by evaporation making this process relatively fast and efficient. The fully automated procedures for the production of [89Zr]ZrCl4 and its use in radiolabeling are well suited to support the centralized and standardized manufacture of multiple dose preparations of zirconium-89 based radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Noor
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Peter D Roselt
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Imaging, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Emily R McGowan
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Stan Poniger
- iPHASE Technologies Pty Ltd., Rowville, VIC, 3178, Australia
| | - Michael P Wheatcroft
- Telix Pharmaceuticals Limited, Suite 401, 55 Flemington Road, North Melbourne, VIC, 3051, Australia
| | - Paul S Donnelly
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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2
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Haveman LYF, Vugts DJ, Windhorst AD. State of the art procedures towards reactive [ 18F]fluoride in PET tracer synthesis. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2023; 8:28. [PMID: 37824021 PMCID: PMC10570257 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-023-00203-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful, non-invasive preclinical and clinical nuclear imaging technique used in disease diagnosis and therapy assessment. Fluorine-18 is the predominant radionuclide used for PET tracer synthesis. An impressive variety of new 'late-stage' radiolabeling methodologies for the preparation of 18F-labeled tracers has appeared in order to improve the efficiency of the labeling reaction. MAIN BODY Despite these developments, one outstanding challenge into the early key steps of the process remains: the preparation of reactive [18F]fluoride from oxygen-18 enriched water ([18O]H2O). In the last decade, significant changes into the trapping, elution and drying stages have been introduced. This review provides an overview of the strategies and recent developments in the production of reactive [18F]fluoride and its use for radiolabeling. CONCLUSION Improved, modified or even completely new fluorine-18 work-up procedures have been developed in the last decade with widespread use in base-sensitive nucleophilic 18F-fluorination reactions. The many promising developments may lead to a few standardized drying methodologies for the routine production of a broad scale of PET tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizeth Y F Haveman
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle J Vugts
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Neuroscience Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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3
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Oh YH, Kim DW, Lee S. Ionic Liquids as Organocatalysts for Nucleophilic Fluorination: Concepts and Perspectives. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27175702. [PMID: 36080470 PMCID: PMC9457570 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Besides their extremely useful properties as solvent, ionic liquids (ILs) are now considered to be highly instructive tools for enhancing the rates of chemical reactions. The ionic nature of the IL anion and cation seems to be the origin of this fascinating function of ILs as organocatalyst/promoter through their strong Coulombic forces on other ionic species in the reaction and also through the formation of hydrogen bonds with various functional groups in substrates. It is now possible to tailor-make ILs for specific purposes as solvent/promoters in a variety of situations by carefully monitoring these interactions. Despite the enormous potentiality, it seems that the application of ILs as organocatalysts/promoters for chemical reactions have not been fully achieved so far. Herein, we review recent developments of ILs for promoting the nucleophilic reactions, focusing on fluorination. Various aspects of the processes, such as organocatalytic capability, reaction mechanisms and salt effects, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ho Oh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Duckyoung-daero 1732, Yongin City 446-701, Korea
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.W.K.); (S.L.)
| | - Sungyul Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Duckyoung-daero 1732, Yongin City 446-701, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.W.K.); (S.L.)
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4
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Nucleophilic Radiofluorination Using Tri-tert-Butanol Ammonium as a Bifunctional Organocatalyst: Mechanism and Energetics. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27031044. [PMID: 35164308 PMCID: PMC8838713 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a quantum chemical analysis of the 18F-fluorination of 1,3-ditosylpropane, promoted by a quaternary ammonium salt (tri-(tert-butanol)-methylammonium iodide (TBMA-I) with moderate to good radiochemical yields (RCYs), experimentally observed by Shinde et al. We obtained the mechanism of the SN2 process, focusing on the role of the –OH functional groups facilitating the reactions. We found that the counter-cation TBMA+ acts as a bifunctional promoter: the –OH groups function as a bidentate ‘anchor’ bridging the nucleophile [18F]F− and the –OTs leaving group or the third –OH. These electrostatic interactions cooperate for the formation of the transition states of a very compact configuration for facile SN2 18F-fluorination.
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5
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Chao MN, Chezal JM, Debiton E, Canitrot D, Witkowski T, Levesque S, Degoul F, Tarrit S, Wenzel B, Miot-Noirault E, Serre A, Maisonial-Besset A. A Convenient Route to New (Radio)Fluorinated and (Radio)Iodinated Cyclic Tyrosine Analogs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020162. [PMID: 35215275 PMCID: PMC8877694 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of radiolabeled non-natural amino acids can provide high contrast SPECT/PET metabolic imaging of solid tumors. Among them, radiohalogenated tyrosine analogs (i.e., [123I]IMT, [18F]FET, [18F]FDOPA, [123I]8-iodo-L-TIC(OH), etc.) are of particular interest. While radioiodinated derivatives, such as [123I]IMT, are easily available via electrophilic aromatic substitutions, the production of radiofluorinated aryl tyrosine analogs was a long-standing challenge for radiochemists before the development of innovative radiofluorination processes using arylboronate, arylstannane or iodoniums salts as precursors. Surprisingly, despite these methodological advances, no radiofluorinated analogs have been reported for [123I]8-iodo-L-TIC(OH), a very promising radiotracer for SPECT imaging of prostatic tumors. This work describes a convenient synthetic pathway to obtain new radioiodinated and radiofluorinated derivatives of TIC(OH), as well as their non-radiolabeled counterparts. Using organotin compounds as key intermediates, [125I]5-iodo-L-TIC(OH), [125I]6-iodo-L-TIC(OH) and [125I]8-iodo-L-TIC(OH) were efficiently prepared with good radiochemical yield (RCY, 51–78%), high radiochemical purity (RCP, >98%), molar activity (Am, >1.5–2.9 GBq/µmol) and enantiomeric excess (e.e. >99%). The corresponding [18F]fluoro-L-TIC(OH) derivatives were also successfully obtained by radiofluorination of the organotin precursors in the presence of tetrakis(pyridine)copper(II) triflate and nucleophilic [18F]F− with 19–28% RCY d.c., high RCP (>98.9%), Am (20–107 GBq/µmol) and e.e. (>99%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Noelia Chao
- Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.N.C.); (J.-M.C.); (E.D.); (D.C.); (T.W.); (S.L.); (F.D.); (S.T.); (E.M.-N.); (A.S.)
| | - Jean-Michel Chezal
- Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.N.C.); (J.-M.C.); (E.D.); (D.C.); (T.W.); (S.L.); (F.D.); (S.T.); (E.M.-N.); (A.S.)
| | - Eric Debiton
- Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.N.C.); (J.-M.C.); (E.D.); (D.C.); (T.W.); (S.L.); (F.D.); (S.T.); (E.M.-N.); (A.S.)
| | - Damien Canitrot
- Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.N.C.); (J.-M.C.); (E.D.); (D.C.); (T.W.); (S.L.); (F.D.); (S.T.); (E.M.-N.); (A.S.)
| | - Tiffany Witkowski
- Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.N.C.); (J.-M.C.); (E.D.); (D.C.); (T.W.); (S.L.); (F.D.); (S.T.); (E.M.-N.); (A.S.)
| | - Sophie Levesque
- Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.N.C.); (J.-M.C.); (E.D.); (D.C.); (T.W.); (S.L.); (F.D.); (S.T.); (E.M.-N.); (A.S.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Françoise Degoul
- Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.N.C.); (J.-M.C.); (E.D.); (D.C.); (T.W.); (S.L.); (F.D.); (S.T.); (E.M.-N.); (A.S.)
| | - Sébastien Tarrit
- Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.N.C.); (J.-M.C.); (E.D.); (D.C.); (T.W.); (S.L.); (F.D.); (S.T.); (E.M.-N.); (A.S.)
| | - Barbara Wenzel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Research Site Leipzig, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Elisabeth Miot-Noirault
- Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.N.C.); (J.-M.C.); (E.D.); (D.C.); (T.W.); (S.L.); (F.D.); (S.T.); (E.M.-N.); (A.S.)
| | - Audrey Serre
- Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.N.C.); (J.-M.C.); (E.D.); (D.C.); (T.W.); (S.L.); (F.D.); (S.T.); (E.M.-N.); (A.S.)
| | - Aurélie Maisonial-Besset
- Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.N.C.); (J.-M.C.); (E.D.); (D.C.); (T.W.); (S.L.); (F.D.); (S.T.); (E.M.-N.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Bratteby K, Shalgunov V, Battisti UM, Petersen IN, van den Broek SL, Ohlsson T, Gillings N, Erlandsson M, Herth MM. Insights into Elution of Anion Exchange Cartridges: Opening the Path toward Aliphatic 18F-Radiolabeling of Base-Sensitive Tracers. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:1556-1566. [PMID: 34661074 PMCID: PMC8506604 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Aliphatic nucleophilic
substitution (SN2) with [18F]fluoride is the
most widely applied method to prepare 18F-labeled positron
emission tomography (PET) tracers. Strong
basic conditions commonly used during 18F-labeling procedures
inherently limit or prohibit labeling of base-sensitive scaffolds.
The high basicity stems from the tradition to trap [18F]fluoride
on anion exchange cartridges and elute it afterward with basic anions.
This sequence is used to facilitate the transfer of [18F]fluoride from an aqueous to an aprotic organic, polar reaction
medium, which is beneficial for SN2 reactions. Furthermore,
this sequence also removes cationic radioactive contaminations from
cyclotron-irradiated [18O]water from which [18F]fluoride is produced. In this study, we developed an efficient
elution procedure resulting in low basicity that permits SN2 18F-labeling of base-sensitive scaffolds. Extensive
screening of trapping and elution conditions (>1000 experiments)
and
studying their influence on the radiochemical yield (RCY) allowed
us to identify a suitable procedure for this. Using this procedure,
four PET tracers and three synthons could be radiolabeled in substantially
higher RCYs (up to 2.5-fold) compared to those of previously published
procedures, even from lower precursor amounts. Encouraged by these
results, we applied our low-basicity method to the radiolabeling of
highly base-sensitive tetrazines, which cannot be labeled using state-of-art
direct aliphatic 18F-labeling procedures. Labeling succeeded
in RCYs of up to 20%. We believe that our findings facilitate PET
tracer development by opening the path toward simple and direct SN2 18F fluorination of base-sensitive substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klas Bratteby
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Barngatan 3, 22242 Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Physiology Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Shalgunov
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Umberto Maria Battisti
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Nyman Petersen
- Department of Clinical Physiology Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara Lopes van den Broek
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tomas Ohlsson
- Department of Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Barngatan 3, 22242 Lund, Sweden
| | - Nic Gillings
- Department of Clinical Physiology Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Erlandsson
- Department of Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Barngatan 3, 22242 Lund, Sweden
| | - Matthias M Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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7
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Krasikova RN. Nucleophilic Synthesis of 6-l-[ 18F]FDOPA. Is Copper-Mediated Radiofluorination the Answer? Molecules 2020; 25:E4365. [PMID: 32977512 PMCID: PMC7582790 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography employing 6-l-[18F]fluoro-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (6-l-[18F]FDOPA) is currently a highly relevant clinical tool for detection of gliomas, neuroendocrine tumors and evaluation of Parkinson's disease progression. Yet, the deficiencies of electrophilic synthesis of 6-l-[18F]FDOPA hold back its wider use. To fulfill growing clinical demands for this radiotracer, novel synthetic strategies via direct nucleophilic 18F-radiloabeling starting from multi-Curie amounts of [18F]fluoride, have been recently introduced. In particular, Cu-mediated radiofluorination of arylpinacol boronates and arylstannanes show significant promise for introduction into clinical practice. In this short review these current developments will be discussed with a focus on their applicability to automation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raisa N Krasikova
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain Russian Academy of Science, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
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8
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Mossine AV, Tanzey SS, Brooks AF, Makaravage KJ, Ichiishi N, Miller JM, Henderson BD, Erhard T, Bruetting C, Skaddan MB, Sanford MS, Scott PJH. Synthesis of high-molar-activity [ 18F]6-fluoro-L-DOPA suitable for human use via Cu-mediated fluorination of a BPin precursor. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:1742-1759. [PMID: 32269382 PMCID: PMC7333241 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-0305-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
[18F]6-fluoro-L-DOPA ([18F]FDOPA) is a diagnostic radiopharmaceutical for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging that is used to image Parkinson's disease, brain tumors, and focal hyperinsulinism of infancy. Despite these important applications, [18F]FDOPA PET remains underutilized because of synthetic challenges associated with accessing the radiotracer for clinical use; these stem from the need to radiofluorinate a highly electron-rich catechol ring in the presence of an amino acid. To address this longstanding challenge in the PET radiochemistry community, we have developed a one-pot, two-step synthesis of high-molar-activity [18F]FDOPA by Cu-mediated fluorination of a pinacol boronate (BPin) precursor. The method is fully automated, has been validated to work well at two separate sites (an academic facility with a cyclotron on site and an industry lab purchasing [18F]fluoride from an outside vendor), and provides [18F]FDOPA in reasonable radiochemical yield (2.44 ± 0.70 GBq, 66 ± 19 mCi, 5 ± 1%), excellent radiochemical purity (>98%) and high molar activity (76 ± 30 TBq/mmol, 2,050 ± 804 Ci/mmol), n = 26. Herein we report a detailed protocol for the synthesis of [18F]FDOPA that has been successfully implemented at two sites and validated for production of the radiotracer for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew V Mossine
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Curium Pharma, Nuclear Medicine Manufacturing, Noblesville, IN, USA
| | - Sean S Tanzey
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Allen F Brooks
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katarina J Makaravage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Naoko Ichiishi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Process Chemistry, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason M Miller
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Environmental Analysis Branch, US Army Corps of Engineers, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Thomas Erhard
- AbbVie Deustschland GmbH & Co. KG Ludwigschafen, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | | | | | - Melanie S Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Peter J H Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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9
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Oh Y, Choi H, Lee S, Lee S. Toward the Robust Synthesis of [
18
F]F‐DOPA: Quantum Chemical Analysis of S
N
Ar Cold Fluorination of Diaryl Iodonium Salt by
19
F
−. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Young‐Ho Oh
- Department of Applied ChemistryKyung Hee University Seoul 17140 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoju Choi
- Department of Applied ChemistryKyung Hee University Seoul 17140 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung‐Sik Lee
- Department of Applied ChemistryKyung Hee University Seoul 17140 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyul Lee
- Department of Applied ChemistryKyung Hee University Seoul 17140 Republic of Korea
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10
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Oh YH, Choi H, Park C, Kim DW, Lee S. Harnessing Ionic Interactions and Hydrogen Bonding for Nucleophilic Fluorination. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030721. [PMID: 32046021 PMCID: PMC7037423 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We review recent works for nucleophilic fluorination of organic compounds in which the Coulombic interactions between ionic species and/or hydrogen bonding affect the outcome of the reaction. SN2 fluorination of aliphatic compounds promoted by ionic liquids is first discussed, focusing on the mechanistic features for reaction using alkali metal fluorides. The influence of the interplay of ionic liquid cation, anion, nucleophile and counter-cation is treated in detail. The role of ionic liquid as bifunctional (both electrophilic and nucleophilic) activator is envisaged. We also review the SNAr fluorination of diaryliodonium salts from the same perspective. Nucleophilic fluorination of guanidine-containing of diaryliodonium salts, which are capable of forming hydrogen bonds with the nucleophile, is exemplified as an excellent case where ionic interactions and hydrogen bonding significantly affect the efficiency of reaction. The origin of experimental observation for the strong dependence of fluorination yields on the positions of -Boc protection is understood in terms of the location of the nucleophile with respect to the reaction center, being either close to far from it. Recent advances in the synthesis of [18F]F-dopa are also cited in relation to SNAr fluorination of diaryliodonium salts. Discussions are made with a focus on tailor-making promoters and solvent engineering based on ionic interactions and hydrogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ho Oh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea; (Y.-H.O.); (H.C.)
| | - Hyoju Choi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea; (Y.-H.O.); (H.C.)
| | - Chanho Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Korea;
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Korea;
- Correspondence: (D.W.K.); (S.L.); Tel.: +82-32-860-7679 (D.W.K.); +82-31-201-2698 (S.L.); Fax: +82-32-867-5604 (D.W.K.); +82-31-201-2340 (S.L.)
| | - Sungyul Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea; (Y.-H.O.); (H.C.)
- Correspondence: (D.W.K.); (S.L.); Tel.: +82-32-860-7679 (D.W.K.); +82-31-201-2698 (S.L.); Fax: +82-32-867-5604 (D.W.K.); +82-31-201-2340 (S.L.)
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11
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Mossine AV, Tanzey SS, Brooks AF, Makaravage KJ, Ichiishi N, Miller JM, Henderson BD, Skaddan MB, Sanford MS, Scott PJH. One-pot synthesis of high molar activity 6-[ 18F]fluoro-l-DOPA by Cu-mediated fluorination of a BPin precursor. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:8701-8705. [PMID: 31536095 PMCID: PMC6812483 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01758e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A one-pot two-step synthesis of 6-[18F]fluoro-l-DOPA ([18F]FDOPA) has been developed involving Cu-mediated radiofluorination of a pinacol boronate ester precursor. The method is fully automated, provides [18F]FDOPA in good activity yield (104 ± 16 mCi, 6 ± 1%), excellent radiochemical purity (>99%) and high molar activity (3799 ± 2087 Ci mmol-1), n = 3, and has been validated to produce the radiotracer for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew V Mossine
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Sean S Tanzey
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Allen F Brooks
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | | | - Naoko Ichiishi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Jason M Miller
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Marc B Skaddan
- AbbVie Translational Imaging, North Chicago, IL 60030, USA
| | - Melanie S Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Peter J H Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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12
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Pauton M, Gillet R, Aubert C, Bluet G, Gruss-Leleu F, Roy S, Perrio C. The first radiosynthesis of 2-amino-5-[ 18F]fluoropyridines via a "minimalist" radiofluorination/palladium-catalyzed amination sequence from anisyl(2-bromopyridinyl)iodonium triflate. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:6359-6363. [PMID: 31218326 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01187k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 2-amino-5-[18F]fluoropyridines was achieved in 8-85% yields by palladium-catalyzed reaction of 2-bromo-5-[18F]fluoropyridine with piperidine, dimethylamine, butylamine, methylpiperazine, benzylamine, aniline and 3-aminopyridine. 2-Bromo-5-[18F]fluoropyridine was obtained by radiofluorination of anisyl(2-bromopyridinyl-5)iodonium triflate (88% yield). The radiofluorination step was performed under "minimalist" conditions to guarantee a successful subsequent amination reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Pauton
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT-UMR 6030, LDM-TEP, Cyceron, Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14000 Caen, France. and Sanofi R&D, IDD, Isotope Chemistry, 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94403 Vitry sur Seine Cedex, France
| | - Raphaël Gillet
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT-UMR 6030, LDM-TEP, Cyceron, Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14000 Caen, France.
| | - Catherine Aubert
- Sanofi R&D, IDD, Isotope Chemistry, 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94403 Vitry sur Seine Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Bluet
- Sanofi R&D, IDD, Isotope Chemistry, 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94403 Vitry sur Seine Cedex, France
| | - Florence Gruss-Leleu
- Sanofi R&D, IDD, Isotope Chemistry, 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94403 Vitry sur Seine Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Roy
- Sanofi R&D, IDD, Isotope Chemistry, 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94403 Vitry sur Seine Cedex, France
| | - Cécile Perrio
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT-UMR 6030, LDM-TEP, Cyceron, Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14000 Caen, France.
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13
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Radiotracers for imaging of Parkinson's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 166:75-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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