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Bansal D, Ghahramanzadehasl H, Cardenas-Morcoso D, Desport J, Frache G, Bengasi G, Boscher ND. Directly-Fused Ni(II)Porphyrin Conjugated Polymers with Blocked meso-Positions: Impact on Electrocatalytic Properties. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400665. [PMID: 38629260 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
The oxidative coupling reaction of two Ni(II) porphyrins meso-substituted with three and four phenyl groups, Ni(II) 5,10,15-(triphenyl)porphyrin (NiPh3P) and Ni(II) 5,10,15,20-(tetraphenyl)porphyrin (NiPh4P) respectively, was investigated in a oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD) process. Irrespective of the number of meso-substituents, high-resolution mass spectrometry evidences the formation of oligomeric species containing up to five porphyrin units. UV-Vis-NIR and XPS analyses of the oCVD films highlighted a strong dependence of the intermolecular coupling reaction with the substrate temperature. Specifically, higher substrate temperatures yield lowering of valence band maxima and reduction of the band gap. The formation of conjugated polymeric assemblies results in increased conductivities as compared to their sublimed counterparts. Yet, electrocatalytic measurements exhibit water oxidation onset overpotentials (308 mV for pNiPh3P and 343 mV for pNiPh4P) comparatively higher than the onset overpotential measured for the oCVD film from Ni(II) 5,15-(diphenyl)porphyrin (pNiPh2P), i. e. 283 mV. Although DFT and comparative oCVD studies suggest the formation of directly fused porphyrins involving 'phenyl-mediated' and β-β linkages when reacting tetra-meso-substituted porphyrins, the present findings highlight that multiple direct fusion (β-β/meso-meso/β-β or meso-β/β-meso) is essential for Ni(II) porphyrin-based conjugated polymers to enable a dinuclear radical oxo-coupling operating mechanism for water oxidation at low overpotential and durable catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Bansal
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 28 Avenue des Hautes-Fourneaux, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Hadi Ghahramanzadehasl
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 28 Avenue des Hautes-Fourneaux, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Drialys Cardenas-Morcoso
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 28 Avenue des Hautes-Fourneaux, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jessica Desport
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 28 Avenue des Hautes-Fourneaux, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Gilles Frache
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 28 Avenue des Hautes-Fourneaux, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Giuseppe Bengasi
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 28 Avenue des Hautes-Fourneaux, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Nicolas D Boscher
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 28 Avenue des Hautes-Fourneaux, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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Elsayed EH, Al-Wahaib D, Ali AED, Abd-El-Nabey BA, Elbadawy HA. Synthesis, characterization, DNA binding interactions, DFT calculations, and Covid-19 molecular docking of novel bioactive copper(I) complexes developed via unexpected reduction of azo-hydrazo ligands. BMC Chem 2023; 17:159. [PMID: 37986180 PMCID: PMC10662581 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-01086-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we focused on the 3rd goal of the sustainable development plan: achieving good health and supporting well-being. Two redox-active hydrazo ligands namely, phenylcarbonohydrazonoyldicyanide (PCHD) and pyridin-4-ylcarbonohydrazonoyl-dicyanide (PyCHD), and their copper(I) complexes have been synthesized and characterized. The analytical data indicates the formation of copper(I) complexes despite starting with copper(II) perchlorate salt. The 1H-NMR and UV-visible spectral studies in DMSO revealed that PyCHD mainly exists in its azo-form, while PCHD exists in azo ↔ hydrazo equilibrium form, and confirmed the copper(I) oxidation state. XPS, spectral and electrochemistry data indicated the existence of copper(I) valence of both complexes. Cyclic voltammetry of PCHD and its copper(I) complex supported the reduction power of the ligand. The antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity against the mammalian breast carcinoma cell line (MCF7), and DNA interaction of the compounds are investigated. All compounds showed high antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities, relative to the standard drugs. Upon studying the wheat DNA binding, PCHD and PyCHD were found to bind through external contacts, while both [Cu(PCHD)2]ClO4.H2O and [Cu(PyCHD)2]ClO4.H2O were intercalated binding. In-silico molecular docking simulations against Estrogen Receptor Alpha Ligand Binding Domain (ID: 6CBZ) were performed on all produced compounds and confirmed the invitro experimentally best anticancer activity of [Cu(PyCHD)2]ClO4.H2O. The molecular docking tests against SARS-CoV-2 main protease (ID: 6 WTT) showed promising activity in the order of total binding energy values: [Cu(PCHD)2]ClO4.H2O > [Cu(PyCHD)2]ClO4.H2O > PCHD > PyCHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Hassan Elsayed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Dhuha Al-Wahaib
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Ali El-Dissouky Ali
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Hemmat A Elbadawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Cardenas-Morcoso D, Bansal D, Heiderscheid M, Audinot JN, Guillot J, Boscher ND. A Polymer-Derived Co(Fe)O x Oxygen Evolution Catalyst Benefiting from the Oxidative Dehydrogenative Coupling of Cobalt Porphyrins. ACS Catal 2023; 13:15182-15193. [PMID: 38026816 PMCID: PMC10660665 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c02940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Thin films of cobalt porphyrin conjugated polymers bearing different substituents are prepared by oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD) and investigated as heterogeneous electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Interestingly, the electrocatalytic activity originates from polymer-derived, highly transparent Co(Fe)Ox species formed under operational alkaline conditions. Structural, compositional, electrical, and electrochemical characterizations reveal that the newly formed active catalyst greatly benefited from both the polymeric conformation of the porphyrin-based thin film and the inclusion of the iron-based species originating from the oCVD reaction. High-resolution mass spectrometry analyses combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that a close relationship exists between the porphyrin substituent, the extension of the π-conjugated system cobalt porphyrin conjugated polymer, and the dynamics of the polymer conversion leading to catalytically active Co(Fe)Ox species. This work evidences the precatalytic role of cobalt porphyrin conjugated polymers and uncovers the benefit of extended π-conjugation of the molecular matrix and iron inclusion on the formation and performance of the true active catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drialys Cardenas-Morcoso
- Materials Research and Technology
Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science
and Technology, 28 Avenue des Hautes-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette L-4362, Luxembourg
| | - Deepak Bansal
- Materials Research and Technology
Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science
and Technology, 28 Avenue des Hautes-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette L-4362, Luxembourg
| | - Max Heiderscheid
- Materials Research and Technology
Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science
and Technology, 28 Avenue des Hautes-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette L-4362, Luxembourg
| | - Jean-Nicolas Audinot
- Materials Research and Technology
Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science
and Technology, 28 Avenue des Hautes-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette L-4362, Luxembourg
| | - Jérôme Guillot
- Materials Research and Technology
Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science
and Technology, 28 Avenue des Hautes-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette L-4362, Luxembourg
| | - Nicolas D. Boscher
- Materials Research and Technology
Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science
and Technology, 28 Avenue des Hautes-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette L-4362, Luxembourg
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Santana Santos C, Romio M, Surace Y, Eshraghi N, Amores M, Mautner A, Groher C, Jahn M, Ventosa E, Schuhmann W. Unveiling the electronic properties of native solid electrolyte interphase layers on Mg metal electrodes using local electrochemistry. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9923-9932. [PMID: 37736636 PMCID: PMC10510847 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02840b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium-ion batteries (MIBs) are of considerable interest as environmentally more sustainable, cheaper, and safer alternatives to Li-ion systems. However, spontaneous electrolyte decomposition occurs due to the low standard reduction potential of Mg, leading to the deposition of layers known as native solid electrolyte interphases (n-SEIs). These layers may inhibit the charge transfer (electrons and ions) and, therefore, reduce the specific power and cycle life of MIBs. We propose scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) as a microelectrochemical tool to locally quantify the electronic properties of n-SEIs for MIBs. These interphases are spontaneously formed upon contact of Mg metal disks with organoaluminate, organoborate, or bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI)-based electrolyte solutions. Our results unveil increased local electronic and global ionic insulating properties of the n-SEI formed when using TFSI-based electrolytes, whereas a low electronically protecting character is observed with the organoaluminate solution, and the organoborate solution being in between them. Moreover, ex situ morphological and chemical characterization was performed on the Mg samples to support the results obtained by the SECM measurements. Differences in the electronic and ionic conductivities of n-SEIs perfectly correlate with their chemical compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Santana Santos
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 D-44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Martina Romio
- Battery Technologies, Centre for Low-Emission Transport, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH Giefinggasse 2 1210 Vienna Austria
| | - Yuri Surace
- Battery Technologies, Centre for Low-Emission Transport, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH Giefinggasse 2 1210 Vienna Austria
| | - Nicolas Eshraghi
- Corporate Research and Development, Umicore Watertorenstraat 33, BE-2250 Olen Belgium
| | - Marco Amores
- Battery Technologies, Centre for Low-Emission Transport, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH Giefinggasse 2 1210 Vienna Austria
| | - Andreas Mautner
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Universität Wien Währinger Straße 42 1090 Vienna Austria
- Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, Department IFA, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau Austria
| | - Christiane Groher
- Battery Technologies, Centre for Low-Emission Transport, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH Giefinggasse 2 1210 Vienna Austria
| | - Marcus Jahn
- Battery Technologies, Centre for Low-Emission Transport, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH Giefinggasse 2 1210 Vienna Austria
| | - Edgar Ventosa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Burgos Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n 09001 Burgos Spain
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 D-44780 Bochum Germany
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Bansal D, Cardenas-Morcoso D, Boscher N. Conjugated porphyrin polymer films with nickel single sites for the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. A 2023; 11:5188-5198. [PMID: 36911162 PMCID: PMC9990145 DOI: 10.1039/d2ta07748e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Directly fused nickel(ii) porphyrins are successfully investigated as heterogeneous single-site catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Conjugated polymer thin films from Ni(ii) 5,15-(di-4-methoxycarbonylphenyl)porphyrin (pNiDCOOMePP) and Ni(ii) 5,15-diphenylporphyrin (pNiDPP) showed an OER onset overpotential of 270 mV, and current densities of 1.6 mA cm-2 and 1.2 mA cm-2 at 1.6 V vs. RHE, respectively, representing almost a hundred times higher activity than those of monomeric thin films. The fused porphyrin thin films are more kinetically and thermodynamically active than their non-polymerized counterparts mainly due to the formation of conjugated structures enabling a dinuclear radical oxo-coupling (ROC) mechanism at low overpotential. More importantly, we have deciphered the role of the porphyrin substituent in the conformation and performance of porphyrin conjugated polymers as (1) to control the extension of the conjugated system during the oCVD reaction, allowing the retention of the valence band deep enough to provide a high thermodynamic water oxidation potential, (2) to provide a flexible molecular geometry to facilitate O2 formation from the interaction between the Ni-O sites and to weaken the π-bond of the *Ni-O sites for enhanced radical character, and (3) to optimize the water interaction with the central metal cation of the porphyrin for superior electrocatalytic properties. These findings open the scope for molecular engineering and further integration of directly fused porphyrin-based conjugated polymers as efficient heterogeneous catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Bansal
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology 28 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux Esch-Sur-Alzette Luxembourg
| | - Drialys Cardenas-Morcoso
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology 28 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux Esch-Sur-Alzette Luxembourg
| | - Nicolas Boscher
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology 28 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux Esch-Sur-Alzette Luxembourg
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Hazari AS, Chandra S, Kar S, Sarkar B. Metal Complexes of Singly, Doubly and Triply Linked Porphyrins and Corroles: An Insight into the Physicochemical Properties. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104550. [PMID: 35088477 PMCID: PMC9311859 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Metal complexes of multi‐porphyrins and multi‐corroles are unique systems that display a host of extremely interesting properties. Availability of free meso and β positions allow formation of different types of directly linked bis‐porphyrins giving rise to intriguing optical and electronic properties. While the fields of metalloporphyrin and corroles monomer have seen exponential growth in the last decades, the chemistry of metal complexes of bis‐porphyrins and bis‐corroles remain rather underexplored. Therefore, the impact of covalent linkages on the optical, electronic, (spectro)electrochemical, magnetic and electrocatalytic activities of metal complexes of bis‐porphyrins and ‐corroles has been summarized in this review article. This article shows that despite the (still) somewhat difficult synthetic access to these molecules, their extremely exciting properties do make a strong case for pursuing research on these classes of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Singha Hazari
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Shubhadeep Chandra
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Sanjib Kar
- School of Chemical Sciences National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar 752050 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Training School Complex Mumbai 400094 (India)
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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7
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Cardenas-Morcoso D, Vey E, Heiderscheid M, Frache G, Boscher ND. Electronic and energy level engineering of directly fused porphyrin-conjugated polymers - impact of the central metal cation. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2022; 10:2194-2204. [PMID: 35308894 PMCID: PMC8830115 DOI: 10.1039/d1tc05452j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The integration of porphyrins and their derivatives in functional devices for solar-assisted fuel production is both highly attractive and challenging due to the difficulties in processing them. This limitation is overcome in the gas-phase approach, particularly by oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD), leading to the simultaneous synthesis and deposition of conjugated porphyrin coatings. We have investigated the impact of the metal cation of 5,15-diphenyl metalloporphyrins (MDPP; M = Co, Cu, Mg, Zn, Pd, Pt, Ag, Ru, Ag, and FeCl) on the dehydrogenative coupling reaction leading to fused-metalloporphyrin thin films via oCVD and on the optoelectronic properties of the resulting thin films. We found that the nature of the chelated cation strongly affects the intermolecular coupling efficiency, as well as the occurrence of side reactions such as chlorination, intramolecular cyclization, demetallation/re-metalation, and oxidation of the porphyrin core. Moreover, we discussed the influence of the above-mentioned reactions on the optoelectronic properties of the fused metalloporphyrin coatings, in view of their potential application in photo-electrocatalytic systems. This study paves the way toward the engineering and future implementation of porphyrin-based systems for clean and efficient solar fuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drialys Cardenas-Morcoso
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology 28 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux Esch-sur-Alzette Luxembourg
| | - Eloa Vey
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology 28 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux Esch-sur-Alzette Luxembourg
| | - Max Heiderscheid
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology 28 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux Esch-sur-Alzette Luxembourg
| | - Gilles Frache
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology 28 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux Esch-sur-Alzette Luxembourg
| | - Nicolas D Boscher
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology 28 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux Esch-sur-Alzette Luxembourg
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8
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Borissov A, Maurya YK, Moshniaha L, Wong WS, Żyła-Karwowska M, Stępień M. Recent Advances in Heterocyclic Nanographenes and Other Polycyclic Heteroaromatic Compounds. Chem Rev 2022; 122:565-788. [PMID: 34850633 PMCID: PMC8759089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review surveys recent progress in the chemistry of polycyclic heteroaromatic molecules with a focus on structural diversity and synthetic methodology. The article covers literature published during the period of 2016-2020, providing an update to our first review of this topic (Chem. Rev. 2017, 117 (4), 3479-3716).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet
Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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Khalil TE, Soliman SM, Khalil NA, El‐Faham A, Foro S, El‐Dissouky A. Synthesis, structure, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant activities of Co (III) complexes based on the antihypertensive hydralazine. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tarek E. Khalil
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
| | - Saied M. Soliman
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
| | - Nessma A. Khalil
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
| | - Ayman El‐Faham
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
| | - Sabine Foro
- FB Material Wissenschaft, FG Strukturforschung Technische Universitaet Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany
| | - Ali El‐Dissouky
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
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10
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Benkó T, Lukács D, Frey K, Németh M, Móricz MM, Liu D, Kováts É, May NV, Vayssieres L, Li M, Pap JS. Redox-inactive metal single-site molecular complexes: a new generation of electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution? Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01087e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bypassing the metal-based oxidation in a Cu-containing water oxidation catalytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tímea Benkó
- Centre for Energy Research, Institute for Energy Security and Environmental Safety, Surface Chemistry and Catalysis Department, Konkoly-Thege street 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid Lukács
- Centre for Energy Research, Institute for Energy Security and Environmental Safety, Surface Chemistry and Catalysis Department, Konkoly-Thege street 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Frey
- Centre for Energy Research, Institute for Energy Security and Environmental Safety, Surface Chemistry and Catalysis Department, Konkoly-Thege street 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Németh
- Centre for Energy Research, Institute for Energy Security and Environmental Safety, Surface Chemistry and Catalysis Department, Konkoly-Thege street 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márta M. Móricz
- Centre for Energy Research, Institute for Energy Security and Environmental Safety, Surface Chemistry and Catalysis Department, Konkoly-Thege street 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dongyu Liu
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy (IRCRE), State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (MFPE), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Éva Kováts
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra V. May
- Centre for Structural Science, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lionel Vayssieres
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy (IRCRE), State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (MFPE), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Mingtao Li
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy (IRCRE), State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (MFPE), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - József S. Pap
- Centre for Energy Research, Institute for Energy Security and Environmental Safety, Surface Chemistry and Catalysis Department, Konkoly-Thege street 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
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Kuzmin SM, Chulovskaya SA, Parfenyuk VI, Koifman OI. Poly-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin as a material for photovoltaic devices. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2020.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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12
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Baba K, Bengasi G, Loyer F, Fernandes JPC, El Assad D, De Castro O, Boscher ND. Fused Metalloporphyrin Thin Film with Tunable Porosity via Chemical Vapor Deposition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:37732-37740. [PMID: 32692925 PMCID: PMC7472432 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Porous and highly conjugated multiply fused porphyrin thin films are prepared from a fast and single-step chemical vapor deposition approach. While the solution-based coupling of porphyrins is usually undertaken at room temperature, the gas phase reaction of nickel(II) 5,15-(diphenyl)porphyrin and iron(III) chloride (FeCl3) is investigated for temperatures as high as 200 °C. Helium ion and atomic force microscopy, supported by weight and thickness measurements, shows a drastic decrease of the fused porphyrin thin film's density accompanied by the formation of a mesoporous morphology upon increase of the reaction temperature. The increase of the film's porosity is attributed to formation of a greater amount of HCl (originated from both the oxidative coupling and chlorination reactions) and the release of gaseous FeCl3 byproducts, i.e., Cl2, at higher deposition temperatures. In addition, high resolution mass spectrometry reveals that increase of the reaction temperature promotes a higher degree of conjugation of the fused porphyrins chains, which ensures that high electronic conductivities are maintained along with high porosity. The method reported herein could enable the engineering of fused porphyrin thin films in sensing and catalytic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Baba
- Materials Research and Technology
Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science
and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Giuseppe Bengasi
- Materials Research and Technology
Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science
and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - François Loyer
- Materials Research and Technology
Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science
and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Joao Paulo Cosas Fernandes
- Materials Research and Technology
Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science
and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Dana El Assad
- Materials Research and Technology
Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science
and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Olivier De Castro
- Materials Research and Technology
Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science
and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Nicolas D. Boscher
- Materials Research and Technology
Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science
and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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Bengasi G, Quétu L, Baba K, Ost A, Cosas Fernandes JP, Grysan P, Heinze K, Boscher ND. Constitution and Conductivity of Metalloporphyrin Tapes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Bengasi
- Materials Research and Technology Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) 5 Avenue des Hauts‐Fourneaux 4362 Esch/Alzette Luxembourg
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10‐14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Louise Quétu
- Materials Research and Technology Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) 5 Avenue des Hauts‐Fourneaux 4362 Esch/Alzette Luxembourg
| | - Kamal Baba
- Materials Research and Technology Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) 5 Avenue des Hauts‐Fourneaux 4362 Esch/Alzette Luxembourg
| | - Alexander Ost
- Materials Research and Technology Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) 5 Avenue des Hauts‐Fourneaux 4362 Esch/Alzette Luxembourg
| | - João P. Cosas Fernandes
- Materials Research and Technology Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) 5 Avenue des Hauts‐Fourneaux 4362 Esch/Alzette Luxembourg
| | - Patrick Grysan
- Materials Research and Technology Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) 5 Avenue des Hauts‐Fourneaux 4362 Esch/Alzette Luxembourg
| | - Katja Heinze
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10‐14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Nicolas D. Boscher
- Materials Research and Technology Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) 5 Avenue des Hauts‐Fourneaux 4362 Esch/Alzette Luxembourg
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Lewtak JP, Koszarna B, Charyton MK, Gryko DT. Extending a porphyrin chromophore via fusion with naphthalene. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619501530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An intramolecular oxidative aromatic coupling of meso-substituted porphyrins bearing electron-rich aromatics was the focus of investigation. The formation of C–C bond at [Formula: see text]-position for macrocycles bearing dimethoxynaphthalene moiety was achieved. It was established that Fe(ClO[Formula: see text]O induced only single cyclodehydrogenation whereas Fe(OTf)[Formula: see text] had the ability to remove four hydrogens and four electrons forming doubly-fused porphyrin. Both Fe(ClO[Formula: see text]O and Fe(OTf)[Formula: see text] were confirmed superior to FeCl[Formula: see text] as they ensured efficient oxidation process without concomitant chlorination of the products. We have proven that the trans-A[Formula: see text]B[Formula: see text]-porphyrin with two indole moieties do not form any stable products under such reaction conditions. The single fusion with dimethoxynaphthalene moiety has a comparable effect on absorption spectra [Formula: see text]. the Q-band of Ni-complexes is shifted to 650 nm. The Ni-porphyrin fused with two naphthalene units had bathochromically shifted Q-bands to 733 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan P. Lewtak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Central University of Technology, Free State, Dept. of Life Sciences, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Beata Koszarna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek K. Charyton
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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Chaudhri N, Cong L, Bulbul AS, Grover N, Osterloh WR, Fang Y, Sankar M, Kadish KM. Structural, Photophysical, and Electrochemical Properties of Doubly Fused Porphyrins and Related Fused Chlorins. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:1481-1495. [PMID: 31889445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical and physicochemical properties of tetraphenylporphyrins and tetraphenylchlorins with two fused indanedione (IND) or malononitrile (MN) groups and two antipodal Br, Ph, or H β-substituents are investigated in nonaqueous media. These compounds were synthesized by oxidative fusion of free-base trans-chlorins, followed by metalation. The corresponding free-base di-fused chlorins were also isolated as intermediates and characterized for comparisons. The examined di-fused porphyrins (DFP) and di-fused chlorins (DFC) are represented as MDFP(Y)2(R)2 and H2DFC(Y)2(R)2, where M = 2H, CuII, NiII, ZnII, and CoII, Y is a fused indanedione (IND) or malononitrile group (MN), and R = H, Br, or Ph. The IND- and MN-appended compounds in both series exhibit the expected two one-electron oxidations but quite different redox behavior is observed upon reduction, where the free-base IND-appended chlorins show four reversible one-electron reductions, compared to only two for the related free-base MN-appended chlorins. Although porphyrin trianions and tetraanions have been recently described for derivatives with highly electron-withdrawing and/or π-extending substituents, this seems not to be the case for the doubly fused IND-chlorins, where the first two one-electron additions are proposed to be located at the conjugated macrocycle and the last two at the fused IND groups, each of which is reduced at a different potential, consistent with the behavior expected for two equivalent and interacting redox centers. Unlike the examined chlorins, which are all stable in their electroreduced forms, the electrogenerated anionic forms of the di-fused porphyrins are all highly reactive and characterized by cyclic voltammograms having reduction peaks not only for the synthesized compounds added to solution but also for one or more new redox active species formed at the electrode surface in homogeneous chemical reactions following electron transfer. Comparisons are made between electrochemical behavior of the structurally related porphyrins and chlorins and the sites of electron transfer assigned on the basis of known electrochemical diagnostic criteria. One of the compounds, ZnDFP(MN)2, was also structurally characterized as having a ruffled and twisted macrocyclic conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Chaudhri
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee 247667 , India
| | - Lei Cong
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , Houston , Texas 77204-5003 , United States
| | - Amir Sohel Bulbul
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee 247667 , India
| | - Nitika Grover
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee 247667 , India
| | - W Ryan Osterloh
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , Houston , Texas 77204-5003 , United States
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , Houston , Texas 77204-5003 , United States
| | - Muniappan Sankar
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee 247667 , India
| | - Karl M Kadish
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , Houston , Texas 77204-5003 , United States
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16
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Bengasi G, Desport JS, Baba K, Cosas Fernandes JP, De Castro O, Heinze K, Boscher ND. Molecular flattening effect to enhance the conductivity of fused porphyrin tape thin films. RSC Adv 2020; 10:7048-7057. [PMID: 35493879 PMCID: PMC9049719 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09711b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The straightforward synthesis of directly fused porphyrins (porphyrin tapes) from 5,15-diphenyl porphyrinato nickel(ii) complexes with different substituents on the phenyl rings is achieved while processing from the gas phase. The porphyrin tapes, exhibiting NIR absorption, are readily obtained in thin film form. The gas phase approach cuts the need for solubilizing groups allowing for the first time the study of their conductivity according to the substituent. 2-Point probe and conductivity AFM measurements evidence that reducing the size of the meso substituents, phenyl < mesityl < di(3,5-tert-butyl)phenyl < di(2,6-dodecyloxy)phenyl, improves the thin film conductivity by several orders of magnitude. Density functional theory and gel permeation chromatography, correlate this improvement to changes in the intermolecular distances and molecular geometry. Furthermore, the oCVD of porphyrins with free ortho-phenyl positions causes intramolecular dehydrogenative side reactions inducing a complete planarization of the molecule. This molecular flattening drastically affects the π–π stacking between the porphyrins further enhancing the electronic properties of the films. This work reports the strong correlation between the conductivity of fused porphyrins thin films and the porphyrin substituents.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Bengasi
- Materials Research and Technology
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST)
- L-4362 Esch/Alzette
- Luxembourg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry
| | - Jessica S. Desport
- Materials Research and Technology
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST)
- L-4362 Esch/Alzette
- Luxembourg
| | - Kamal Baba
- Materials Research and Technology
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST)
- L-4362 Esch/Alzette
- Luxembourg
| | - João P. Cosas Fernandes
- Materials Research and Technology
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST)
- L-4362 Esch/Alzette
- Luxembourg
| | - Olivier De Castro
- Materials Research and Technology
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST)
- L-4362 Esch/Alzette
- Luxembourg
| | - Katja Heinze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Nicolas D. Boscher
- Materials Research and Technology
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST)
- L-4362 Esch/Alzette
- Luxembourg
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