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Takahashi H, Watanabe H, Ito S, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Design and Synthesis of Far-Red to Near-Infrared Chromophores with Pyrazine-Based Boron Complexes. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300489. [PMID: 37365136 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized new binuclear boron complexes based on pyrazine with ortho and para substitution patterns. It was demonstrated that the para-linked complexes possess a significantly narrow energy gap between highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (HOMO and LUMO), leading to their far-red to near-infrared emission properties. Meanwhile, the ortho-substituted complex showed orange emission. Considering the HOMO and LUMO distributions of pyrazine, the boron complexation to the nitrogen atoms would stabilize its LUMO more efficiently than its HOMO because a nodal plane in the HOMO passes through the two nitrogen atoms. The theoretical study suggests that the para-substitution would not significantly perturb such a characteristic HOMO distribution originating from pyrazine in stark contrast to the ortho-substituted one. As a result, the HOMO-LUMO gap of the para-linked complex is dramatically narrower than that of the ortho-linked one.
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Grants
- Kato Foundation for Promotion of Science
- Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists
- 21K14673 JSPS KAKENHI
- 23K13793 JSPS KAKENHI
- 21H02001 JSPS KAKENHI
- 21K19002 JSPS KAKENHI
- 2401 The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan
- JP24102013 The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Takahashi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Department of Polymer Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shunichiro Ito
- Department of Polymer Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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2
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Recent progresses in the mechanistic studies of aggregation-induced emission-active boron complexes and clusters. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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3
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Watanabe H, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Position Dependent Effects of the Aza‐Substitution on the Electronic Properties and Crystal Structures Based on Hexaazaphenalene Isomers. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering JAPAN
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Polymer Chemistry Katsura, Nishikyo-ku 615-8510 Kyoto JAPAN
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering JAPAN
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4
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Development of Long Wavelength Light-Absorptive Homopolymers Based on Pentaazaphenalene by Regioselective Oxidative Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13224021. [PMID: 34833319 PMCID: PMC8619047 DOI: 10.3390/polym13224021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis and absorption properties of homopolymers consisting of 1,3,4,6,9b-pentaazaphenalene (5AP). Oxidative polymerization in the Scholl reaction was accomplished, and various lengths of homopolymers can be isolated. It should be noted that we scarcely observed the generation of structural isomers at the connecting points, which is often observed in this type of reaction. Therefore, we were able to evaluate electronic structures of the synthesized homopolymers. In addition, it was observed that absorption bands were obtained in the longer wavelength region than the monomer. The computer calculation suggests that the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels could be lowered by electronic interaction through spatially-separated HOMOs of 5AP. Moreover, we can evaluate the extension of the conjugated system through the meta-substituted skeleton and distance dependency of the main-chain conjugation.
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5
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Huang M, Lu H, Wang M, Liu B, Ma Z, Wang Z, Yang J. Phenothiazine-Based Luminophores with AIE, Solvatochromism, and Mechanochromic Characteristics. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:11548-11556. [PMID: 34615358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c07304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) fluorescent molecules with unique photoelectric properties have received extensive attention due to the wide range of applications. In this work, two novel phenothiazine-based luminophores DPE-PTZ-Cl and DPE-PTZ-CF3 were designed based on the frontier molecular orbital (FMO) theory and construction strategy of AIEgens. As expected, both of the luminophores displayed typical AIE behavior and realized the spatial separation of FMOs, which was confirmed by the positive solvatochromism behavior. Their AIE properties could be attributed to the twisted three-dimensional (3D) conformation. Such a conformation resulted from "butterfly-like" phenothiazine and a multirotor structure of diphenylethylene. The spatial separation of FMOs originated from the push-pull electronic synergistic effect of the donor-acceptor (D-A) architecture. Interestingly, DPE-PTZ-Cl also showed a rare blue-shifted mechanochromic (MC) luminescence property. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) experiments were carried out to reveal that the phase transformation between crystalline and amorphous states was responsible for the peculiar solid-state luminescence phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Huang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhijian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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Gon M, Ito S, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Design Strategies and Recent Results for Near-Infrared-Emissive Materials Based on Element-Block π-Conjugated Polymers. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Gon
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shunichiro Ito
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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7
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Watanabe H, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. The Effect of the Substituent Positions on Self-Assembly Behaviors of Liquid-Crystalline 1,3,4,6,9b-Pentaazaphenalene Derivatives. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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8
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Modulation of
stimuli‐responsiveness
toward acid vapor between
real‐time
and
write‐erase
responses based on conjugated polymers containing azobenzene and Schiff base moieties. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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9
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Gon M, Tanimura K, Yaegashi M, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. PPV-type π-conjugated polymers based on hypervalent tin(IV)-fused azobenzene complexes showing near-infrared absorption and emission. Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-021-00506-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Gon M, Wakabayashi J, Nakamura M, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Controlling Energy Gaps of π-Conjugated Polymers by Multi-Fluorinated Boron-Fused Azobenzene Acceptors for Highly Efficient Near-Infrared Emission. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:696-703. [PMID: 33527711 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that multi-fluorinated boron-fused azobenzene (BAz) complexes can work as a strong electron acceptor in electron donor-acceptor (D-A) type π-conjugated polymers. Position-dependent substitution effects were revealed, and the energy level of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) was critically decreased by fluorination. As a result, the obtained polymers showed near-infrared (NIR) emission (λPL =758-847 nm) with high absolute photoluminescence quantum yield (ΦPL =7-23%) originating from low-lying LUMO energy levels of the BAz moieties (-3.94 to -4.25 eV). Owing to inherent solid-state emissive properties of the BAz units, deeper NIR emission (λPL =852980 nm) was detected in film state. Clear solvent effects prove that the NIR emission is from a charge transfer state originating from a strong D-A interaction. The effects of fluorination on the frontier orbitals are well understandable and predictable by theoretical calculation with density functional theory. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of fluorination to the BAz units for producing a strong electron-accepting unit through fine-tuning of energy gaps, which can be the promising strategy for designing NIR absorptive and emissive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Gon
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Junko Wakabayashi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masashi Nakamura
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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11
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Tanaka K, Chujo Y. New Idea for Narrowing an Energy Gap by Selective Perturbation of One Frontier Molecular Orbital. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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