1
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Parisi V, Donadio G, Bellone ML, Belaabed S, Bader A, Bisio A, Iobbi V, Gazzillo E, Chini MG, Bifulco G, Faraone I, Vassallo A. Exploring the Anticancer Potential of Premna resinosa (Hochst.) Leaf Surface Extract: Discovering New Diterpenes as Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp70) Binding Agents. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2421. [PMID: 37446982 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Premna, a genus consisting of approximately 200 species, predominantly thrives in tropical and subtropical areas. Many of these species have been utilized in ethnopharmacology for diverse medicinal applications. In Saudi Arabia, Premna resinosa (Hochst.) Schauer (Lamiaceae) grows wildly, and its slightly viscid leaves are attributed to the production of leaf accession. In this study, we aimed to extract the surface accession from fresh leaves using dichloromethane to evaluate the anticancer potential. The plant exudate yielded two previously unknown labdane diterpenes, Premnaresone A and B, in addition to three already described congeners and four known flavonoids. The isolation process was accomplished using a combination of silica gel column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC, the structures of which were identified by NMR and HRESIMS analyses and a comparison with the literature data of associated compounds. Furthermore, we employed a density functional theory (DFT)/NMR approach to suggest the relative configuration of different compounds. Consequently, we investigated the possibility of developing new chaperone inhibitors by subjecting diterpenes 1-5 to a Surface Plasmon Resonance-screening, based on the knowledge that oridonin, a diterpene, interacts with Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp70) 1A in cancer cells. Additionally, we studied the anti-proliferative activity of compounds 1-5 on human Jurkat (human T-cell lymphoma) and HeLa (epithelial carcinoma) cell lines, where diterpene 3 exhibited activity in Jurkat cell lines after 48 h, with an IC50 of 15.21 ± 1.0 µM. Molecular docking and dynamic simulations revealed a robust interaction between compound 3 and Hsp70 key residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Parisi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Giuliana Donadio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bellone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Soumia Belaabed
- Department of Chemistry, Research Unit, Development of Natural Resources, Bioactive Molecules Physicochemical and Biological Analysis, University Brothers Mentouri, Route Ain ElBey, Constantine 25000, Algeria
| | - Ammar Bader
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Angela Bisio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Valeria Iobbi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Erica Gazzillo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Chini
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, C.da Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bifulco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Immacolata Faraone
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
- Innovative Startup Farmis s.r.l., Via Nicola Vaccaro 40, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Antonio Vassallo
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
- Spinoff TNcKILLERS s.r.l., Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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2
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Potenza M, Giordano A, Chini MG, Saviano A, Kretzer C, Raucci F, Russo M, Lauro G, Terracciano S, Bruno I, Iorizzi M, Hofstetter RK, Pace S, Maione F, Werz O, Bifulco G. Identification of 2-Aminoacyl-1,3,4-thiadiazoles as Prostaglandin E 2 and Leukotriene Biosynthesis Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 14:26-34. [PMID: 36655121 PMCID: PMC9841589 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of a multi-step scientific workflow revealed an unprecedented class of PGE2/leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitors with in vivo activity. Specifically, starting from a combinatorial virtual library of ∼4.2 × 105 molecules, a small set of compounds was identified for the synthesis. Among these, four novel 2-aminoacyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives (3, 6, 7, and 9) displayed marked anti-inflammatory properties in vitro by strongly inhibiting PGE2 biosynthesis, with IC50 values in the nanomolar range. The hit compounds also efficiently interfered with leukotriene biosynthesis in cell-based systems and modulated IL-6 and PGE2 biosynthesis in a lipopolysaccharide-stimulated J774A.1 macrophage cell line. The most promising compound 3 showed prominent in vivo anti-inflammatory activity in a mouse model, with efficacy comparable to that of dexamethasone, attenuating zymosan-induced leukocyte migration in mouse peritoneum with considerable modulation of the levels of typical pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Potenza
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy,The
FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Assunta Giordano
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy,Institute
of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria G. Chini
- Department
of Biosciences and Territory, University
of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, Pesche, 86090 Isernia, Italy
| | - Anella Saviano
- ImmunoPharmaLab,
Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Christian Kretzer
- Department
of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Federica Raucci
- ImmunoPharmaLab,
Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Russo
- ImmunoPharmaLab,
Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Lauro
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Stefania Terracciano
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Ines Bruno
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Maria Iorizzi
- Department
of Biosciences and Territory, University
of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, Pesche, 86090 Isernia, Italy
| | - Robert K. Hofstetter
- Department
of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Simona Pace
- Department
of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Francesco Maione
- ImmunoPharmaLab,
Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department
of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany,
| | - Giuseppe Bifulco
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy,
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3
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Donadio G, Chini MG, Parisi V, Mensitieri F, Malafronte N, Bifulco G, Bisio A, De Tommasi N, Bader A. Diterpenoid Constituents of Psiadia punctulata and Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial Activity. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:1667-1680. [PMID: 35748331 PMCID: PMC9315948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c01093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen diterpenes (1-16), along with 10 previously described compounds, including four flavonoids and six diterpenes, were isolated from the aerial parts of Psiadia punctulata growing in Saudi Arabia. The diterpene structures were elucidated using NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry data. Furthermore, a DFT/NMR procedure was used to suggest the relative configuration of several compounds. The labdane-derived skeletons, namely, ent-atisane, ent-beyerene, ent-trachylobane, and ent-kaurene, were identified. The extracts, fractions, and pure compounds were then tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Treponema denticola, and Lactobacillus plantarum. One diterpenoid, namely, psiadin, showed an additive effect with the antiseptic chlorhexidine, with a fractional inhibitory concentration index of less than 1. Additionally, psiadin showed a prospective inhibition activity for bacterial efflux pumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Donadio
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Chini
- Department
of Biosciences and Territory, University
of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, I-86090, Pesche, Isernia, Italy
| | - Valentina Parisi
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- Ph.D.
Program in Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesca Mensitieri
- Department
of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende, 84081, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Nicola Malafronte
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bifulco
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Angela Bisio
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genova, Italy
| | - Nunziatina De Tommasi
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Ammar Bader
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Umm Al-Qura University, 21955 Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Boudermine S, Parisi V, Lemoui R, Boudiar T, Chini MG, Franceschelli S, Pecoraro M, Pascale M, Bifulco G, Braca A, De Tommasi N, De Leo M. Cytotoxic Sesquiterpenoids from Ammoides atlantica Aerial Parts. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:647-656. [PMID: 35196017 PMCID: PMC8961869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c01211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Seven new terpenoids, namely, guaiane (1-4), eudesmane (5), and bisabolane (6) sesquiterpenoids and a furanone (7), were isolated from the aerial parts of Ammoides atlantica, a herbaceous plant growing in Algeria, together with eight known compounds. All metabolites were characterized by their 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS data. A combined DFT/NMR method was applied to study the relative configurations of 1-4, 6, and 7. All compounds, except 2, were assayed against MCF-7, A375, A549, HaCaT, and Jurkat cell lines. Compounds 8, 10, and 11 induced a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability with different potency on almost all cell lines used. The most active compounds, 8 and 10, were studied to assess their potential apoptotic effects and cell cycle inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihem Boudermine
- Département
de Chimie, Université de Constantine
1, Constantine, 25000, Algeria
- Département
de Chimie, Université de 20 Aout
1955, Skikda, 21000, Algeria
| | - Valentina Parisi
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi
di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Redouane Lemoui
- Département
de Chimie, Université de Constantine
1, Constantine, 25000, Algeria
| | - Tarek Boudiar
- Biotechnology
Research Center, Constantine, 25000, Algeria
| | | | - Silvia Franceschelli
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi
di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Michela Pecoraro
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi
di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Maria Pascale
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi
di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bifulco
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi
di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Alessandra Braca
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- CISUP,
Centro per l’Integrazione della Strumentazione Scientifica,
Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Nunziatina De Tommasi
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi
di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Marinella De Leo
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- CISUP,
Centro per l’Integrazione della Strumentazione Scientifica,
Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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5
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Aplydactylonins A-C, three new sesquiterpenes from the Vietnamese sea hare Aplysia dactylomela and their cytotoxicity. J Nat Med 2021; 76:210-219. [PMID: 34741721 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-021-01582-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Aplydactylonins A-C (1-3), three new sesquiterpenes, were isolated from the Vietnamese sea hare Aplysia dactylomela. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated based on spectroscopic analysis, X-ray crystallography, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations of NMR and ECD data. Compound 2 exhibited cytotoxicity against HepG2, DU145 and A549 cells with respective IC50 values of 4.08 ± 0.63, 38.64 ± 1.04 and 12.33 ± 0.95 µM. In addition, HepG2 cells treated with 5 μM compound 2 for 48 h showed a significant increase in early apoptotic cells (P < 0.05) and increased caspase 3 activity (P < 0.01). Moreover, compound 2 induced sub-G1 phase arrest in HepG2 cells.
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6
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Hansen PE. NMR of Natural Products as Potential Drugs. Molecules 2021; 26:3763. [PMID: 34205539 PMCID: PMC8235798 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This review outlines methods to investigate the structure of natural products with emphasis on intramolecular hydrogen bonding, tautomerism and ionic structures using NMR techniques. The focus is on 1H chemical shifts, isotope effects on chemical shifts and diffusion ordered spectroscopy. In addition, density functional theory calculations are performed to support NMR results. The review demonstrates how hydrogen bonding may lead to specific structures and how chemical equilibria, as well as tautomeric equilibria and ionic structures, can be detected. All these features are important for biological activity and a prerequisite for correct docking experiments and future use as drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poul Erik Hansen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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7
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Chini MG, Lauro G, Bifulco G. Addressing the Target Identification and Accelerating the Repositioning of Anti‐Inflammatory/Anti‐Cancer Organic Compounds by Computational Approaches. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Chini
- Department of Biosciences and Territory University of Molise C.da Fonte Lappone 86090 Pesche (IS) Italy
| | - Gianluigi Lauro
- Department of Pharmacy University of Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (SA) Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bifulco
- Department of Pharmacy University of Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (SA) Italy
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8
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Nazarski RB. Summary of DFT calculations coupled with current statistical and/or artificial neural network (ANN) methods to assist experimental NMR data in identifying diastereomeric structures. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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9
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Bellone M, Muñoz Camero C, Chini MG, Dal Piaz F, Hernandez V, Bifulco G, De Tommasi N, Braca A. Limonoids from Guarea guidonia and Cedrela odorata: Heat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90) Modulator Properties of Chisomicine D. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:724-737. [PMID: 33661631 PMCID: PMC8041370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Nine new limonoids (1-9) were isolated from the stem bark of Guarea guidonia (1-4) and Cedrela odorata (5-9). Their structures were elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR and MS data and chemical methods as three A2,B,D-seco-type limonoids (1-3), a mexicanolide (4), three nomilin-type (5-7) limonoids, and two limonol derivatives (8 and 9). A DFT/NMR procedure was used to define the relative configurations of 1 and 3. A surface plasmon resonance approach was used to screen the Hsp90 binding capability of the limonoids, and the A2,B,D-seco-type limonoid 8-hydro-(8S*,9S*)-dihydroxy-14,15-en-chisomicine A, named chisomicine D (1), demonstrated the highest affinity. By means of mass spectrometry data, biochemical and cellular assays, and molecular docking, 1 was found as a type of client-selective Hsp90 inhibitor binding to the C-terminus domain of the chaperone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria
Laura Bellone
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi
di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
- PhD
Program in Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano
(SA), Italy
| | | | - Maria Giovanna Chini
- Dipartimento
di Bioscienze e Territorio, Università
degli Studi del Molise, 86090 Pesche (IS), Italy
| | - Fabrizio Dal Piaz
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi
di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
- Dipartimento
di Medicina, Chirurgia e Odontoiatria “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano
(SA), Italy
| | - Vanessa Hernandez
- Departamento
de Farmacognosia y Medicamentos Organicos, Universidad de los Andes, Mérida, 5101, Venezuela
| | - Giuseppe Bifulco
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi
di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Nunziatina De Tommasi
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi
di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Alessandra Braca
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- CISUP,
Centro per l’Integrazione della Strumentazione Scientifica, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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10
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Costa FLP, de Albuquerque ACF, Fiorot RG, Lião LM, Martorano LH, Mota GVS, Valverde AL, Carneiro JWM, dos Santos Junior FM. Structural characterisation of natural products by means of quantum chemical calculations of NMR parameters: new insights. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00034a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we focus in all aspects of NMR simulation of natural products, from the fundamentals to the new computational toolboxes available, combining advanced quantum chemical calculations with upstream data processing and machine learning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana C. F. de Albuquerque
- Departamento de Química Orgânica
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade Federal Fluminense
- Niterói-RJ
- Brazil
| | - Rodolfo G. Fiorot
- Departamento de Química Orgânica
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade Federal Fluminense
- Niterói-RJ
- Brazil
| | - Luciano M. Lião
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade Federal de Goiás
- 74690-900 Goiânia-GO
- Brazil
| | - Lucas H. Martorano
- Departamento de Química Orgânica
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade Federal Fluminense
- Niterói-RJ
- Brazil
| | - Gunar V. S. Mota
- Faculdade de Ciências Naturais/Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais
- Universidade Federal do Pará
- Belém-PA
- Brazil
| | - Alessandra L. Valverde
- Departamento de Química Orgânica
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade Federal Fluminense
- Niterói-RJ
- Brazil
| | - José W. M. Carneiro
- Departamento de Química Inorgânica
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade Federal Fluminense
- Niterói-RJ
- Brazil
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