New Metal-Free Route towards Imidazole-Substituted Uridine

Uracil hydrazones: design, synthesis, antimicrobial activities, and putative mode of action

BACKGROUND

Crop diseases caused by plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria have led to substantial losses in global food production. Chemical pesticides have been widely used as a primary means to mitigate these issues. Nevertheless, the persistent and excessive use of pesticides has resulted in the emergence of microbial resistance. Moreover, the improper application and excessive utilization of pesticides can contribute to environmental pollution and the persistence of pesticide residues. Consequently, the development of novel and highly effective bactericides and fungicides to combat plant pathogens holds immense practical importance.

RESULTS

A series of uracil hydrazones IV-B was deliberately designed and evaluated for their antimicrobial efficacy. The results of bioassays indicated that most IV-B exhibited >80% inhibition against the fungal species Monilia fructigena and Sclerotium rolfsii, as well as the bacterial species Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, and Ralstonia solanacearum, at 50 μg/mL in vitro. In vivo, IV-B20 showed 89.9% of curative and 71.8% of protective activities against C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis at 100 μg/mL superior to thiodiazole copper and copper hydroxide. IV-B20 also showed excellent protective activity against M. fructigena (96.3% at 200 μg/mL) and S. rolfsii (80.4% at 1000 μg/mL), which were greater than chlorothalonil and equivalent to thifluzamide. Mechanistic studies revealed that IV-B20 induced oxidative damage in pathogenic bacteria and promoted the leakage of cellular contents.

CONCLUSION

This study suggests that IV-B20 with uracil hydrazone skeleton has great potential as an antimicrobial candidate. These findings lay a foundation for practical application in agriculture. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Synthesis and Evaluation of Some Uracil Nucleosides as Promising Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Agents

Since herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection is so widespread, several antiviral drugs have been developed to treat it, among which are uracil nucleosides. However, there are major problems with the current medications such as severe side-effects and drug resistance. Here we present some newly synthesized cyclic and acyclic uracil nucleosides that showed very promising activity against HSV-1 compared to acyclovir.

Recent progress in non-native nucleic acid modifications

While Nature harnesses RNA and DNA to store, read and write genetic information, the inherent programmability, synthetic accessibility and wide functionality of these nucleic acids make them attractive tools for use in a vast array of applications.