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Rizvi SFA, Zhang H, Fang Q. Engineering peptide drug therapeutics through chemical conjugation and implication in clinics. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:2420-2471. [PMID: 38704826 DOI: 10.1002/med.22046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The development of peptide drugs has made tremendous progress in the past few decades because of the advancements in modification chemistry and analytical technologies. The novel-designed peptide drugs have been modified through various biochemical methods with improved diagnostic, therapeutic, and drug-delivery strategies. Researchers found it a helping hand to overcome the inherent limitations of peptides and bring continued advancements in their applications. Furthermore, the emergence of peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs)-utilizes target-oriented peptide moieties as a vehicle for cytotoxic payloads via conjugation with cleavable chemical agents, resulting in the key foundation of the new era of targeted peptide drugs. This review summarizes the various classifications of peptide drugs, suitable chemical modification strategies to improve the ADME (adsorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) features of peptide drugs, and recent (2015-early 2024) progress/achievements in peptide-based drug delivery systems as well as their fruitful implication in preclinical and clinical studies. Furthermore, we also summarized the brief description of other types of PDCs, including peptide-MOF conjugates and peptide-UCNP conjugates. The principal aim is to provide scattered and diversified knowledge in one place and to help researchers understand the pinching knots in the science of PDC development and progress toward a bright future of novel peptide drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Faheem Askari Rizvi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Quan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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2
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Tang Z, Lan W, Wen K, Li W, Wang T, Zhou D, Su H. Spontaneous assembly of a class of small molecule prodrugs directed by SN38. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:9921-9929. [PMID: 39252501 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb01429d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Small molecule self-assembling prodrugs (SAPDs) are an emerging class of amphiphilic monomers that can aggregate into supramolecular nanostructures with high drug loading identical to that of the individual prodrug. Despite great progress in creating nanodrugs via nanoprecipitation, the direct self-assembly of small molecule SAPDs in aqueous solution remains challenging, as the proper hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance and intermolecular interactions have to be rationally considered. We report a class of small molecule SAPDs by conjugating the anticancer drug SN38 as the structure-directing component with various hydrophilic auxiliaries (i.e., oligo ethylene glycol (OEG) of different lengths, amino, and carboxyl groups) via a self-immolative disulfanyl-ethyl carbonate linker. Driven by π-π interactions between SN38 units, these SAPDs spontaneously assembled into well-defined fibrous nanostructures. Variations in hydrophilic domains can robustly regulate the hydrophobicity of SAPDs, as well as the morphologies and surface features of supramolecular filaments, subsequently influencing cellular internalization behaviors. Furthermore, our study also reveals that the parent drug can be efficiently and controllably released in the presence of glutathione (GSH), exhibiting high in vitro toxicity against colorectal cancer cells. In this work, we present a delicate platform to design small molecule SAPDs that can spontaneously self-assemble into supramolecular filamentous assemblies directed by aromatic interaction of the parent drugs, providing a new strategy to optimize supramolecular drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhai Tang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Wenning Lan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Kaiying Wen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Wenting Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 20, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Dongdong Zhou
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Hao Su
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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3
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Lin Z, Assaraf YG, Kwok HF. Peptides for microbe-induced cancers: latest therapeutic strategies and their advanced technologies. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024:10.1007/s10555-024-10197-4. [PMID: 39008152 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-024-10197-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a significant global health concern associated with multiple distinct factors, including microbial and viral infections. Numerous studies have elucidated the role of microorganisms, such as Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), as well as viruses for example human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV), in the development of human malignancies. Substantial attention has been focused on the treatment of these microorganism- and virus-associated cancers, with promising outcomes observed in studies employing peptide-based therapies. The current paper provides an overview of microbe- and virus-induced cancers and their underlying molecular mechanisms. We discuss an assortment of peptide-based therapies which are currently being developed, including tumor-targeting peptides and microbial/viral peptide-based vaccines. We describe the major technological advancements that have been made in the design, screening, and delivery of peptides as anticancer agents. The primary focus of the current review is to provide insight into the latest research and development in this field and to provide a realistic glimpse into the future of peptide-based therapies for microbe- and virus-induced neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Lin
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Lab, Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Instituteof Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Hang Fai Kwok
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR.
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR.
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4
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Taghdiri M, Mussolino C. Viral and Non-Viral Systems to Deliver Gene Therapeutics to Clinical Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7333. [PMID: 39000440 PMCID: PMC11242246 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) technology has revolutionized the field of gene therapy as it has enabled precise genome editing with unprecedented accuracy and efficiency, paving the way for clinical applications to treat otherwise incurable genetic disorders. Typically, precise genome editing requires the delivery of multiple components to the target cells that, depending on the editing platform used, may include messenger RNA (mRNA), protein complexes, and DNA fragments. For clinical purposes, these have to be efficiently delivered into transplantable cells, such as primary T lymphocytes or hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells that are typically sensitive to exogenous substances. This challenge has limited the broad applicability of precise gene therapy applications to those strategies for which efficient delivery methods are available. Electroporation-based methodologies have been generally applied for gene editing applications, but procedure-associated toxicity has represented a major burden. With the advent of novel and less disruptive methodologies to deliver genetic cargo to transplantable cells, it is now possible to safely and efficiently deliver multiple components for precise genome editing, thus expanding the applicability of these strategies. In this review, we describe the different delivery systems available for genome editing components, including viral and non-viral systems, highlighting their advantages, limitations, and recent clinical applications. Recent improvements to these delivery methods to achieve cell specificity represent a critical development that may enable in vivo targeting in the future and will certainly play a pivotal role in the gene therapy field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Taghdiri
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Ph.D. Program, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claudio Mussolino
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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5
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Obara T, Kawano N, Tatsumi K, Katsuyama A, Nakajima K, Ogawa M, Ichikawa S. Development of small molecule-drug conjugates based on derivatives of natural proteasome inhibitors that exhibit selectivity for PSMA-expressing cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 108:117773. [PMID: 38850999 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we have developedsmall molecule drug conjugates (SMDCs)consisting ofa prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligandand syringolin derivatives, which are potent proteasome inhibitors, to selectively deliver syringolin derivatives to prostate cancer cells. Two parent compounds were used for syringolin derivatives with different linkage sites. These SMDCs exhibited PSMA-expressing cell-selective cytotoxicity and they could potentially be used for safer treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Obara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Nanami Kawano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kengo Tatsumi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Akira Katsuyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kohei Nakajima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Mikako Ogawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ichikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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6
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Oliva R, Torcasio SM, Coulembier O, Piperno A, Mazzaglia A, Scalese S, Rossi A, Bassi G, Panseri S, Montesi M, Scala A. RGD-tagging of star-shaped PLA-PEG micellar nanoassemblies enhances doxorubicin efficacy against osteosarcoma. Int J Pharm 2024; 657:124183. [PMID: 38692500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
We developed cyclic RGD-tagged polymeric micellar nanoassemblies for sustained delivery of Doxorubicin (Dox) endowed with significant cytotoxic effect against MG63, SAOS-2, and U2-OS osteosarcoma cells without compromising the viability of healthy osteoblasts (hFOBs). Targeted polymeric micellar nanoassemblies (RGD-NanoStar@Dox) enabled Dox to reach the nucleus of MG63, SAOS-2, and U2-OS cells causing the same cytotoxic effect as free Dox, unlike untargeted micellar nanoassemblies (NanoStar@Dox) which failed to reach the nucleus and resulted ineffective, demonstrating the crucial role of cyclic RGD peptide in driving cellular uptake and accumulation mechanisms in osteosarcoma cells. Micellar nanoassemblies were obtained by nanoformulation of three-armed star PLA-PEG copolymers properly synthetized with and without decoration with the cyclic-RGDyK peptide (Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Tyr-Lys). The optimal RGD-NanoStar@Dox nanoformulation obtained by nanoprecipitation method (8 % drug loading; 35 % encapsulation efficiency) provided a prolonged and sustained drug release with a rate significantly lower than the free drug under the same experimental conditions. Moreover, the nanosystem preserved Dox from the natural degradation occurring under physiological conditions (i.e., dimerization and consequent precipitation) serving as a slow-release "drug reservoir" ensuring an extended biological activity over the time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Oliva
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Serena Maria Torcasio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc 23, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Olivier Coulembier
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc 23, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Anna Piperno
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Mazzaglia
- CNR-ISMN, National Council of Research, Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, URT of Messina c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V.le, F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Silvia Scalese
- CNR-IMM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, Ottava Strada n.5, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Arianna Rossi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; CNR-ISSMC, Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics, Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, RA, Italy
| | - Giada Bassi
- CNR-ISSMC, Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics, Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, RA, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, University of Studies "G. D'Annunzio", 66100 Chieti, CH, Italy
| | - Silvia Panseri
- CNR-ISSMC, Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics, Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, RA, Italy
| | - Monica Montesi
- CNR-ISSMC, Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics, Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, RA, Italy
| | - Angela Scala
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
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7
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Kim H, Taslakjian B, Kim S, Tirrell MV, Guler MO. Therapeutic Peptides, Proteins and their Nanostructures for Drug Delivery and Precision Medicine. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300831. [PMID: 38408302 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Peptide and protein nanostructures with tunable structural features, multifunctionality, biocompatibility and biomolecular recognition capacity enable development of efficient targeted drug delivery tools for precision medicine applications. In this review article, we present various techniques employed for the synthesis and self-assembly of peptides and proteins into nanostructures. We discuss design strategies utilized to enhance their stability, drug-loading capacity, and controlled release properties, in addition to the mechanisms by which peptide nanostructures interact with target cells, including receptor-mediated endocytosis and cell-penetrating capabilities. We also explore the potential of peptide and protein nanostructures for precision medicine, focusing on applications in personalized therapies and disease-specific targeting for diagnostics and therapeutics in diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- HaRam Kim
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, 60637, IL, USA
| | - Boghos Taslakjian
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, 60637, IL, USA
| | - Sarah Kim
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, 60637, IL, USA
| | - Matthew V Tirrell
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, 60637, IL, USA
| | - Mustafa O Guler
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, 60637, IL, USA
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8
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Paioti PHS, Lounsbury KE, Romiti F, Formica M, Bauer V, Zandonella C, Hackey ME, Del Pozo J, Hoveyda AH. Click processes orthogonal to CuAAC and SuFEx forge selectively modifiable fluorescent linkers. Nat Chem 2024; 16:426-436. [PMID: 38093093 PMCID: PMC11326532 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01386-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The appeal of catalytic click chemistry is largely due to the copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) process, which is orthogonal to the more recently introduced sulfur-fluoride exchange (SuFEx). However, the triazole rings generated by CuAAC are not readily modifiable, and SuFEx connectors cannot be selectively functionalized, attributes that would be attractive in a click process. Here we introduce bisphosphine-copper-catalysed phenoxydiazaborinine formation (CuPDF), a link-and-in situ modify strategy for merging a nitrile, an allene, a diborane and a hydrazine. We also present copper- and palladium-catalysed quinoline formation (Cu/PdQNF), which is applicable in aqueous media, involving an aniline as the modifier. CuPDF and Cu/PdQNF are easy to perform and deliver robust, alterable and tunable fluorescent hubs. CuPDF and Cu/PdQNF are orthogonal to SuFEx and CuAAC, despite the latter and CuPDF also being catalysed by an organocopper species. These advantages were applied to protecting group-free syntheses of sequence-defined branched oligomers, a chemoselectively amendable polymer, three drug conjugates and a two-drug conjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo H S Paioti
- Supramolecular Science and Engineering Institute, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Katherine E Lounsbury
- Supramolecular Science and Engineering Institute, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Filippo Romiti
- Supramolecular Science and Engineering Institute, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michele Formica
- Supramolecular Science and Engineering Institute, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Valentin Bauer
- Supramolecular Science and Engineering Institute, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Claudio Zandonella
- Supramolecular Science and Engineering Institute, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Meagan E Hackey
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Juan Del Pozo
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Amir H Hoveyda
- Supramolecular Science and Engineering Institute, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.
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9
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Rizvi SF, Zhang L, Zhang H, Fang Q. Peptide-Drug Conjugates: Design, Chemistry, and Drug Delivery System as a Novel Cancer Theranostic. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:309-334. [PMID: 38357281 PMCID: PMC10863443 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) that utilize target-oriented peptide moieties as carriers of cytotoxic payloads, interconnected with various cleavable/noncleavable linkers, resulted in the key-foundation of the new era of targeted therapeutics. They are capable of retaining the integrity of conjugates in the blood circulatory system as well as releasing the drugs at the tumor microenvironment. Other valuable advantages are specificity and selectivity toward targeted-receptors, higher penetration ability, and drug-loading capacity, making them a suitable candidate to play their vital role as promising carrier agents. In this review, we summarized the types of cell-targeting (CTPs) and cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) that have broad applications in the advancement of targeted drug-delivery systems (DDS). Moreover, the techniques to overcome the limitations of peptide-chemistry for their extensive implementation to construct the PDCs. Besides this, the diversified breakthrough of linker chemistry, and ample knowledge of various cytotoxic payloads used in PDCs in recent years, as well as the mechanism of action of PDCs was critically discussed. The principal aim is to provide scattered and diversified knowledge in one place and to help researchers understand the pinching knots in the science of PDC development, also their progression toward a bright future for PDCs as novel theranostics in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Faheem
Askari Rizvi
- Key
Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and
Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu P.R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu P.R. China
- Institute
of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Punjab Pakistan
| | - Linjie Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu P.R. China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu P.R. China
| | - Quan Fang
- Key
Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and
Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu P.R. China
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10
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Guérin M, Lebrun A, Kuhn L, Azaïs T, Laurent G, Marsan O, Drouet C, Subra G. One-Pot Synthesis of Bioinspired Peptide-Decorated Apatite Nanoparticles for Nanomedicine. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306358. [PMID: 37822151 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid organic-inorganic bio-inspired apatite nanoparticles (NPs) are attractive for biomedical applications and especially in nanomedicine. Unfortunately, their applications in nanomedicine are limited by their broad particle size distributions and uncontrolled drug loading due to their multistep synthesis process. Besides, very few attempts at exposing bioactive peptides on apatite NPs are made. In this work, an original one-pot synthesis of well-defined bioactive hybrid NPs composed of a mineral core of bioinspired apatite surrounded by an organic corona of bioactive peptides is reported. Dual stabilizing-bioactive agents, phosphonated polyethylene glycol-peptide conjugates, are prepared and directly used during apatite precipitation i) to form the organic corona during apatite precipitation, driving the size and shape of resulting hybrid NPs with colloidal stabilization and ii) to expose peptide moieties (RGD or YIGSR sequences) at the NPs periphery in view of conferring additional surface properties to enhance their interaction with cells. Here, the success of this approach is demonstrated, the functionalized NPs are fully characterized by Fourier-transform infrared, Raman, X-ray diffraction, solid and liquid state NMR, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering, and their interaction with fibroblast cells is followed, unveiling a synergistic proliferative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Guérin
- IBMM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier, 34090, France
- CIRIMAT, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Ensiacet, 4 allee Emile Monso, Toulouse cedex 4, 31030, France
| | - Aurélien Lebrun
- IBMM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier, 34090, France
| | - Liisa Kuhn
- Biomedical Engineering, UConn School of Dental Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, MC1721, Farmington, CT, 06030-1721, USA
| | - Thierry Azaïs
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Sorbonne Université and CNRS, 4 place Jussieu, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Guillaume Laurent
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Sorbonne Université and CNRS, 4 place Jussieu, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Olivier Marsan
- CIRIMAT, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Ensiacet, 4 allee Emile Monso, Toulouse cedex 4, 31030, France
| | - Christophe Drouet
- CIRIMAT, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Ensiacet, 4 allee Emile Monso, Toulouse cedex 4, 31030, France
| | - Gilles Subra
- IBMM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier, 34090, France
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11
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Javid H, Oryani MA, Rezagholinejad N, Esparham A, Tajaldini M, Karimi‐Shahri M. RGD peptide in cancer targeting: Benefits, challenges, solutions, and possible integrin-RGD interactions. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e6800. [PMID: 38349028 PMCID: PMC10832341 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
RGD peptide can be found in cell adhesion and signaling proteins, such as fibronectin, vitronectin, and fibrinogen. RGD peptides' principal function is to facilitate cell adhesion by interacting with integrin receptors on the cell surface. They have been intensively researched for use in biotechnology and medicine, including incorporation into biomaterials, conjugation to medicinal molecules or nanoparticles, and labeling with imaging agents. RGD peptides can be utilized to specifically target cancer cells and the tumor vasculature by engaging with these integrins, improving drug delivery efficiency and minimizing adverse effects on healthy tissues. RGD-functionalized drug carriers are a viable option for cancer therapy as this focused approach has demonstrated promise in the future. Writing a review on the RGD peptide can significantly influence how drugs are developed in the future by improving our understanding of the peptide, finding knowledge gaps, fostering innovation, and making drug design easier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Javid
- Department of Medical Laboratory SciencesVarastegan Institute for Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Surgical Oncology Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Mahsa Akbari Oryani
- Department of Pathology, School of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | | | - Ali Esparham
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Mahboubeh Tajaldini
- Ischemic Disorder Research CenterGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
| | - Mehdi Karimi‐Shahri
- Department of Pathology, School of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Department of Pathology, School of MedicineGonabad University of Medical SciencesGonabadIran
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12
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Ocampo-García B, Cruz-Nova P, Jiménez-Mancilla N, Luna-Gutiérrez M, Oros-Pantoja R, Lara-Almazán N, Pérez-Velasco D, Santos-Cuevas C, Ferro-Flores G. 225Ac-iPSMA-RGD for Alpha-Therapy Dual Targeting of Stromal/Tumor Cell PSMA and Integrins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16553. [PMID: 38068876 PMCID: PMC10705946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigens (PSMAs) are frequently overexpressed in both tumor stromal endothelial cells and malignant cells (stromal/tumor cells) of various cancers. The RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) peptide sequence can specifically detect integrins involved in tumor angiogenesis. This study aimed to preclinically evaluate the cytotoxicity, biokinetics, dosimetry, and therapeutic efficacy of 225Ac-iPSMA-RGD to determine its potential as an improved radiopharmaceutical for alpha therapy compared with the 225Ac-iPSMA and 225Ac-RGD monomers. HEHA-HYNIC-iPSMA-RGD (iPSMA-RGD) was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, UV-vis, and UPLC mass spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity of 225Ac-iPSMA-RGD was assessed in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. Biodistribution, biokinetics, and therapeutic efficacy were evaluated in nude mice with induced HCT116 tumors. In vitro results showed increased DNA double-strand breaks through ROS generation, cell apoptosis, and death in HCT116 cells treated with 225Ac-iPSMA-RGD. The results also demonstrated in vivo cytotoxicity in cancer cells after treatment with 225Ac-iPSMA-RGD and biokinetic and dosimetric properties suitable for alpha therapy, delivering ablative radiation doses up to 237 Gy/3.7 kBq to HCT116 tumors in mice. Given the phenotype of HCT116 cancer cells, the results of this study warrant further dosimetric and clinical studies to determine the potential of 225Ac-iPSMA-RGD in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Ocampo-García
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico; (P.C.-N.); (M.L.-G.); (N.L.-A.); (G.F.-F.)
| | - Pedro Cruz-Nova
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico; (P.C.-N.); (M.L.-G.); (N.L.-A.); (G.F.-F.)
| | | | - Myrna Luna-Gutiérrez
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico; (P.C.-N.); (M.L.-G.); (N.L.-A.); (G.F.-F.)
| | | | - Nancy Lara-Almazán
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico; (P.C.-N.); (M.L.-G.); (N.L.-A.); (G.F.-F.)
| | - Diana Pérez-Velasco
- Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca 50180, Mexico;
| | - Clara Santos-Cuevas
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico; (P.C.-N.); (M.L.-G.); (N.L.-A.); (G.F.-F.)
| | - Guillermina Ferro-Flores
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico; (P.C.-N.); (M.L.-G.); (N.L.-A.); (G.F.-F.)
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13
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Rossino G, Marchese E, Galli G, Verde F, Finizio M, Serra M, Linciano P, Collina S. Peptides as Therapeutic Agents: Challenges and Opportunities in the Green Transition Era. Molecules 2023; 28:7165. [PMID: 37894644 PMCID: PMC10609221 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptides are at the cutting edge of contemporary research for new potent, selective, and safe therapeutical agents. Their rise has reshaped the pharmaceutical landscape, providing solutions to challenges that traditional small molecules often cannot address. A wide variety of natural and modified peptides have been obtained and studied, and many others are advancing in clinical trials, covering multiple therapeutic areas. As the demand for peptide-based therapies grows, so does the need for sustainable and environmentally friendly synthesis methods. Traditional peptide synthesis, while effective, often involves environmentally draining processes, generating significant waste and consuming vast resources. The integration of green chemistry offers sustainable alternatives, prioritizing eco-friendly processes, waste reduction, and energy conservation. This review delves into the transformative potential of applying green chemistry principles to peptide synthesis by discussing relevant examples of the application of such approaches to the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) with a peptide structure and how these efforts are critical for an effective green transition era in the pharmaceutical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Rossino
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.R.); (E.M.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Emanuela Marchese
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.R.); (E.M.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Galli
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.R.); (E.M.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Francesca Verde
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.R.); (E.M.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Matteo Finizio
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.R.); (E.M.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Massimo Serra
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.R.); (E.M.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Pasquale Linciano
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.R.); (E.M.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Simona Collina
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.R.); (E.M.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
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14
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Bugatti K. A Brief Guide to Preparing a Peptide-Drug Conjugate. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300254. [PMID: 37288718 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) have recently emerged as interesting hybrid constructs not only for targeted therapy, but also for the early diagnosis of different pathologies. In most cases, the crucial step in the PDC synthesis is the final conjugation step, where a specific drug is bound to a particular peptide-/peptidomimetic-targeting unit. Thus, this concept paper aims to give a short guide to determining the finest conjugation reaction, by considering in particular the reaction conditions, the stability of the linker and the major pros and cons of each reaction. Based on the recent PDCs reported in literature, the most common and efficient conjugation methods will be systematically presented and compared, generating a short guide to consult while planning the synthesis of a novel peptide-drug conjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Bugatti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
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15
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Nhàn NTT, Yamada T, Yamada KH. Peptide-Based Agents for Cancer Treatment: Current Applications and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12931. [PMID: 37629112 PMCID: PMC10454368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide-based strategies have received an enormous amount of attention because of their specificity and applicability. Their specificity and tumor-targeting ability are applied to diagnosis and treatment for cancer patients. In this review, we will summarize recent advancements and future perspectives on peptide-based strategies for cancer treatment. The literature search was conducted to identify relevant articles for peptide-based strategies for cancer treatment. It was performed using PubMed for articles in English until June 2023. Information on clinical trials was also obtained from ClinicalTrial.gov. Given that peptide-based strategies have several advantages such as targeted delivery to the diseased area, personalized designs, relatively small sizes, and simple production process, bioactive peptides having anti-cancer activities (anti-cancer peptides or ACPs) have been tested in pre-clinical settings and clinical trials. The capability of peptides for tumor targeting is essentially useful for peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs), diagnosis, and image-guided surgery. Immunomodulation with peptide vaccines has been extensively tested in clinical trials. Despite such advantages, FDA-approved peptide agents for solid cancer are still limited. This review will provide a detailed overview of current approaches, design strategies, routes of administration, and new technological advancements. We will highlight the success and limitations of peptide-based therapies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyễn Thị Thanh Nhàn
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Tohru Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Richard & Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois College of Engineering, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Kaori H. Yamada
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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16
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Serra M, Rubes D, Schinelli S, Paolillo M. Small Molecules against Metastatic Tumors: Concrete Perspectives and Shattered Dreams. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4173. [PMID: 37627201 PMCID: PMC10453213 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of anti-cancer therapy failure, leading to unfavorable prognosis for patients. The true challenge to increase cancer patient life expectancy by making cancer a chronic disease with periodic but manageable relapses relies on the development of efficient therapeutic strategies specifically directed against key targets in the metastatic process. Traditional chemotherapy with classical alkylating agents, microtubule inhibitors, and antimetabolites has demonstrated its limited efficacy against metastatic cells due to their capacity to select chemo-resistant cell populations that undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), thus promoting the colonization of distant sites that, in turn, sustain the initial metastatic process. This scenario has prompted efforts aimed at discovering a wide variety of small molecules and biologics as potential anti-metastatic drugs directed against more specific targets known to be involved in the various stages of metastasis. In this short review, we give an overview of the most recent advances related to important families of antimetastatic small molecules: intracellular tyrosine kinase inhibitors, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, KRAS inhibitors, and integrin antagonists. Although the majority of these small molecules are not yet approved and not available in the drug market, any information related to their stage of development could represent a precious and valuable tool to identify new targets in the endless fight against metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Serra
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.R.); (S.S.); (M.P.)
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17
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Liu X, Liu J, Xu Q, Tao W, Xie X, Meng C, Zhou Q, Zhang Y, Ling Y. A versatile supramolecular nanoagent for three-pronged boosting chemodynamic therapy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 648:994-1005. [PMID: 37331080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.04.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) utilizing toxic hydroxyl radicals (·OH) to kill cancer cells exhibits huge potentiality in antitumor treatment. However, inadequate acidity, insufficient hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) amount, and overexpressed reduced glutathione (GSH) inside cancer cells severely restrict the efficacy of CDT. Although numerous efforts have been made, fabricating a versatile CDT material for surmounting these obstacles simultaneously is still a great challenge, especially for supramolecular materials owing to lacking an active metal unit for the Fenton reaction. Here, we intriguingly proposed a powerful supramolecular nanoagent (GOx@GANPs) based on the host-guest interaction between pillar[6]arene and ferrocene for all-sided boosting CDT efficacy via in situ cascade reactions. GOx@GANPs could stimulate intracellular glucose conversion into H+ and H2O2 to optimize the in situ Fenton reaction conditions and continuously produce sufficient •OH. Meanwhile, consumption of the original intracellular GSH pool and inhibition of GSH regeneration were synchronously achieved through the GSH-responsive gambogic acid prodrug and cutting off adenosine triphosphate (ATP) supply for GSH resynthesis, respectively. This complete GSH exhausting characteristic of GOx@GANPs effectively suppressed •OH elimination, ultimately resulting in a superior CDT effect. Furthermore, GOx@GANPs also produced synergistic effects of starvation therapy, chemotherapy, and CDT, exhibiting low toxicity toward normal tissues. Thus, this work introduces a valuable way for optimizing and elevating CDT efficiency and synergistic treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China.
| | - Ji Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Qin Xu
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Weizhi Tao
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Xudong Xie
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Chi Meng
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Qinbei Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Yong Ling
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China.
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18
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Ma S, Kim JH, Chen W, Li L, Lee J, Xue J, Liu Y, Chen G, Tang B, Tao W, Kim JS. Cancer Cell-Specific Fluorescent Prodrug Delivery Platforms. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207768. [PMID: 37026629 PMCID: PMC10238224 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Targeting cancer cells with high specificity is one of the most essential yet challenging goals of tumor therapy. Because different surface receptors, transporters, and integrins are overexpressed specifically on tumor cells, using these tumor cell-specific properties to improve drug targeting efficacy holds particular promise. Targeted fluorescent prodrugs not only improve intracellular accumulation and bioavailability but also report their own localization and activation through real-time changes in fluorescence. In this review, efforts are highlighted to develop innovative targeted fluorescent prodrugs that efficiently accumulate in tumor cells in different organs, including lung cancer, liver cancer, cervical cancer, breast cancer, glioma, and colorectal cancer. The latest progress and advances in chemical design and synthetic considerations in fluorescence prodrug conjugates and how their therapeutic efficacy and fluorescence can be activated by tumor-specific stimuli are reviewed. Additionally, novel perspectives are provided on strategies behind engineered nanoparticle platforms self-assembled from targeted fluorescence prodrugs, and how fluorescence readouts can be used to monitor the position and action of the nanoparticle-mediated delivery of therapeutic agents in preclinical models. Finally, future opportunities for fluorescent prodrug-based strategies and solutions to the challenges of accelerating clinical translation for the treatment of organ-specific tumors are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyue Ma
- The Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi UniversitiesShaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for IndustryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'an710021China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of EducationCollege of Emergency and TraumaHainan Medical UniversityHaikou571199China
| | - Ji Hyeon Kim
- Department of ChemistryKorea UniversitySeoul02841South Korea
| | - Wei Chen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of AnesthesiologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Lu Li
- The Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi UniversitiesShaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for IndustryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'an710021China
| | - Jieun Lee
- Department of ChemistryKorea UniversitySeoul02841South Korea
| | - Junlian Xue
- The Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi UniversitiesShaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for IndustryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'an710021China
| | - Yuxia Liu
- The Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi UniversitiesShaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for IndustryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'an710021China
| | - Guang Chen
- The Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi UniversitiesShaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for IndustryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi University of Science & TechnologyXi'an710021China
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceKey Laboratory of Molecular and Nano ProbesMinistry of EducationCollaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of ShandongInstitutes of Biomedical SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceKey Laboratory of Molecular and Nano ProbesMinistry of EducationCollaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of ShandongInstitutes of Biomedical SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of AnesthesiologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of ChemistryKorea UniversitySeoul02841South Korea
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19
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Vakhrushev AV, Gruzdev DA, Demin AM, Levit GL, Krasnov VP. Synthesis of Novel Carborane-Containing Derivatives of RGD Peptide. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083467. [PMID: 37110700 PMCID: PMC10143838 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Short peptides containing the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) fragment can selectively bind to integrins on the surface of tumor cells and are attractive transport molecules for the targeted delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agents to tumors (for example, glioblastoma). We have demonstrated the possibility of obtaining the N- and C-protected RGD peptide containing 3-amino-closo-carborane and a glutaric acid residue as a linker fragment. The resulting carboranyl derivatives of the protected RGD peptide are of interest as starting compounds in the synthesis of unprotected or selectively protected peptides, as well as building blocks for preparation of boron-containing derivatives of the RGD peptide of a more complex structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Vakhrushev
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences (Ural Branch), 620108 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Gruzdev
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences (Ural Branch), 620108 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Alexander M Demin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences (Ural Branch), 620108 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Galina L Levit
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences (Ural Branch), 620108 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Victor P Krasnov
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences (Ural Branch), 620108 Ekaterinburg, Russia
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20
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Rohira H, Arora A, Kaur P, Chugh A. Peptide cargo administration: current state and applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:3153-3181. [PMID: 37052636 PMCID: PMC10099029 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Effective delivery of drug molecules to the target site is a challenging task. In the last decade, several innovations in the drug delivery system (DDS) have tremendously improved the therapeutic efficacy of drug molecules. Among various DDS, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) based DDS have gathered notable attention owing to their safety, efficacy, selectivity, specificity, and ease of synthesis. CPPs are emerging as an efficient and effective pharmaceutical nanocarriers-based platforms for successful management of various important human health disorders. Failure of several current chemotherapeutic strategies is attributed to low solubility, reduced bioavailability, and off-target delivery of several anti-cancer drugs. Similarly, development of therapeutics for vision-threatening disorders is challenged by the anatomical as well as physiological complexity of the eye. Such therapeutic challenges in cancer and ocular disease management can be overcome by developing cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) based peptide drug conjugates (PDCs). CPPs can be used to deliver various types of cargo molecules including nucleic acids, small molecules, and peptides/proteinaceous agents. In this review, we have briefly introduced CPPs and the linker strategies employed for the development of PDCs. Furthermore, recent studies employing CPP-based PDCs for cancer and ocular disease management have been discussed in detail highlighting their significance over conventional DDS. Later sections of the review are focused on the current status of clinical trials and future implications of CPP-based PDCs in vaccine development. KEY POINTS: • Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) can deliver a variety of cargo macromolecules via covalent and non-covalent conjugation. • CPP-based peptide drug conjugates (PDCs) can overcome drawbacks of conventional drug delivery methods such as biocompatibility, solubility, stability, and specificity. • Various PDCs are in clinical trial phase for cancer and ocular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha Rohira
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
- Genohelex Care Pvt. Ltd, ASPIRE BioNEST, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India
| | - Aditi Arora
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Prasanjeet Kaur
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Archana Chugh
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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21
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Zhang L, Guo Q, Zheng R, Yu Q, Liang Y, Ma G, Li Q, Zhang X, Xiao H, Wang L. Zwitterionic Targeting Doxorubicin -Loaded Micelles Assembled by Amphiphilic Dendrimers with Enhanced Antitumor Performance. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:4766-4776. [PMID: 36939641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the main method of treating malignant tumors in clinical treatment. However, the commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs have the disadvantages of high biological toxicity, poor water solubility, low targeting ability, and high side effects. Zwitterionic micelles assembled by amphiphilic dendrimers modified with zwitterionic groups and targeting ligand should largely overcome these shortcomings. Herein, the zwitterionic group and targeting peptide c(RGDfC) were modified on the surface of generation 2 poly(propylene imine) dendrimers (G2 PPI), which was conjugated with hydrophobic N-(2-mercaptoethyl) oleamide to form amphiphilic dendrimers (PPIMYRC). PPIMYRC self-assembled into micelles with doxorubicin (DOX) loaded in the interior of micelles to prepare DOX-loaded micelles (PPIMYRC-DOX micelles). The PPIMYRC-DOX micelles had great stability in fibrinogen and pH-responsive drug release. Furthermore, PPIMYRC-DOX micelles had higher cellular uptake rates than free DOX, resulting in higher cytotoxicity of PPIMYRC-DOX micelles than that of free DOX. More importantly, PPIMYRC-DOX micelles inhibited tumors much better than free DOX. The tumor inhibition rate of PPIMYRC-DOX micelles was as high as 93%. Taken together, PPIMYRC-DOX micelles were assembled by amphiphilic dendrimers with the zwitterionic and targeting groups, which enhanced the therapeutic effect of DOX and reduced its side effects. The prepared targeting nanodrug has great potential for further application in antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Quanling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Ruixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Qingyu Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ying Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Guanglong Ma
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO166YD, U.K
| | - Qiurong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Haiyan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Longgang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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22
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Liu L, Ding W, He L, Yang Y, Guan F, Sun X, Peng Y, Chen X, Zhao W, Xiao Y, Luo P. RGD and Scutellarin Conjugate (WK001) Targeting Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptor Protects from Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: Synthesis, Characterization, and Bioactivity Evaluation. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:477-488. [PMID: 36740781 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury is an unresolved clinical challenge. The blockade of binding fibrinogen by glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb-IIIa) inhibitors has become a new therapeutic approach against MI/R injury. In this study, we modified the RGD structure to combine with scutellarin and synthesized a novel peptide, scutellarin-HomoArg-Gly-Asp-Trp-NH2 (WK001). Herein, reported experimental and docking evidence indicates that WK001 provides immediate and potent platelet inhibition, with stronger inhibition of platelet aggregation than eptifibatide and scutellarin. In particular, it is administered intravenously to prevent thrombus formation and attenuate myocardial fibrosis progression in vivo. Therefore, WK001 could be developed as an antiplatelet drug to treat thrombosis-associated diseases, such as stroke and myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lancong Liu
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau999078, China
| | - Wenfeng Ding
- Shenzhen Winkey Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen518000, China
| | - Lili He
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau999078, China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau999078, China
| | - Fuyi Guan
- Shenzhen Winkey Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen518000, China
| | - Xinlin Sun
- Shenzhen Winkey Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen518000, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Shenzhen Winkey Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen518000, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Shenzhen Winkey Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen518000, China
| | - Wenhao Zhao
- Shenzhen Winkey Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen518000, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Shenzhen Winkey Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen518000, China
| | - Pei Luo
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau999078, China
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23
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cRGD-Functionalized Silk Fibroin Nanoparticles: A Strategy for Cancer Treatment with a Potent Unselective Naphthalene Diimide Derivative. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061725. [PMID: 36980611 PMCID: PMC10046852 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing drug delivery systems to target cytotoxic drugs directly into tumor cells is still a compelling need with regard to reducing side effects and improving the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy. In this work, silk fibroin nanoparticles (SFNs) have been designed to load a previously described cytotoxic compound (NDI-1) that disrupts the cell cycle by specifically interacting with non-canonical secondary structures of DNA. SFNs were then functionalized on their surface with cyclic pentapeptides incorporating the Arg-Gly-Asp sequence (cRGDs) to provide active targeting toward glioma cell lines that abundantly express ανβ3 and ανβ5 integrin receptors. Cytotoxicity and selective targeting were assessed by in vitro tests on human glioma cell lines U373 (highly-expressing integrin subunits) and D384 cell lines (low-expressing integrin subunits in comparison to U373). SFNs were of nanometric size (d50 less than 100 nm), round shaped with a smooth surface, and with a negative surface charge; overall, these characteristics made them very likely to be taken up by cells. The active NDI-1 was loaded into SFNs with high encapsulation efficiency and was not released before the internalization and degradation by cells. Functionalization with cRGDs provided selectivity in cell uptake and thus cytotoxicity, with a significantly higher cytotoxic effect of NDI-1 delivered by cRGD-SFNs on U373 cells than on D384 cells. This manuscript provides an in vitro proof-of-concept of cRGD-silk fibroin nanoparticles’ active site-specific targeting of tumors, paving the way for further in vivo efficacy tests.
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24
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Dadgar H, Jokar N, Nemati R, Larvie M, Assadi M. PET tracers in glioblastoma: Toward neurotheranostics as an individualized medicine approach. FRONTIERS IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 3:1103262. [PMID: 39355049 PMCID: PMC11440984 DOI: 10.3389/fnume.2023.1103262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, theragnostic radiopharmaceuticals have been used in nuclear medicine for both diagnosis and treatment of various tumors. In this review, we carried out a literature search to investigate and explain the role of radiotracers in the theragnostic approach to glioblastoma multiform (GBM). We primarily focused on basic and rather common positron emotion tomography (PET) radiotracers in these tumors. Subsequently, we introduced and evaluated the preclinical and clinical results of theranostic-based biomarkers including integrin receptor family, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), fibroblast activated protein (FAP), somatostatin receptors (SRS), and chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) for patients with GBM to confer the benefit of personalized therapy. Moreover, promising research opportunities that could have a profound impact on the treatment of GBM over the next decade are also highlighted. Preliminary results showed the potential feasibility of the theragnostic approach using theses biomarkers in GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habibullah Dadgar
- Cancer Research Center, RAZAVI Hospital, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Narges Jokar
- The Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Bushehr Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Reza Nemati
- Department of Neurology, Bushehr Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mykol Larvie
- Department of Radiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Majid Assadi
- The Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Bushehr Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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25
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Cossu J, Thoreau F, Boturyn D. Multimeric RGD-Based Strategies for Selective Drug Delivery to Tumor Tissues. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020525. [PMID: 36839846 PMCID: PMC9961187 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
RGD peptides have received a lot of attention over the two last decades, in particular to improve tumor therapy through the targeting of the αVβ3 integrin receptor. This review focuses on the molecular design of multimeric RGD compounds, as well as the design of suitable linkers for drug delivery. Many examples of RGD-drug conjugates have been developed, and we show the importance of RGD constructs to enhance binding affinity to tumor cells, as well as their drug uptake. Further, we also highlight the use of RGD peptides as theranostic systems, promising tools offering dual modality, such as tumor diagnosis and therapy. In conclusion, we address the challenging issues, as well as ongoing and future development, in comparison with large molecules, such as monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Cossu
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Fabien Thoreau
- University Poitiers, Inst Chim Milieux & Mat Poitiers IC2MP, UMR CNRS 7285, F-86073 Poitiers, France
| | - Didier Boturyn
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Correspondence:
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26
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Bugatti K, Sartori A, Battistini L, Ruzzolini J, Nediani C, Curti C, Bianchini F, Zanardi F. Nintedanib‐α
V
β
3
Integrin Ligand Dual‐Targeting Conjugates towards Precision Treatment of Melanoma. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Bugatti
- Department of Food and Drug University of Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 27 A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Andrea Sartori
- Department of Food and Drug University of Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 27 A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Lucia Battistini
- Department of Food and Drug University of Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 27 A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Jessica Ruzzolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio” University of Florence Viale Morgagni 50 50134 Florence Italy
| | - Chiara Nediani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio” University of Florence Viale Morgagni 50 50134 Florence Italy
| | - Claudio Curti
- Department of Food and Drug University of Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 27 A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Francesca Bianchini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio” University of Florence Viale Morgagni 50 50134 Florence Italy
| | - Franca Zanardi
- Department of Food and Drug University of Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 27 A 43124 Parma Italy
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27
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Braatz D, Cherri M, Tully M, Dimde M, Ma G, Mohammadifar E, Reisbeck F, Ahmadi V, Schirner M, Haag R. Chemical Approaches to Synthetic Drug Delivery Systems for Systemic Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203942. [PMID: 35575255 PMCID: PMC10091760 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Poor water solubility and low bioavailability of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are major causes of friction in the pharmaceutical industry and represent a formidable hurdle for pharmaceutical drug development. Drug delivery remains the major challenge for the application of new small-molecule drugs as well as biopharmaceuticals. The three challenges for synthetic delivery systems are: (i) controlling drug distribution and clearance in the blood; (ii) solubilizing poorly water-soluble agents, and (iii) selectively targeting specific tissues. Although several polymer-based systems have addressed the first two demands and have been translated into clinical practice, no targeted synthetic drug delivery system has reached the market. This Review is designed to provide a background on the challenges and requirements for the design and translation of new polymer-based delivery systems. This report will focus on chemical approaches to drug delivery for systemic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Braatz
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinTakustr. 314195BerlinGermany
| | - Mariam Cherri
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinTakustr. 314195BerlinGermany
| | - Michael Tully
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinTakustr. 314195BerlinGermany
| | - Mathias Dimde
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinTakustr. 314195BerlinGermany
| | - Guoxin Ma
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinTakustr. 314195BerlinGermany
| | - Ehsan Mohammadifar
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinTakustr. 314195BerlinGermany
| | - Felix Reisbeck
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinTakustr. 314195BerlinGermany
| | - Vahid Ahmadi
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinTakustr. 314195BerlinGermany
| | - Michael Schirner
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinTakustr. 314195BerlinGermany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinTakustr. 314195BerlinGermany
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28
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Stafast LM, Engel N, Görls H, Weber C, Schubert US. End-functionalized diblock copolymers by mix and match of poly(2-oxazoline) and polyester building blocks. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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29
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Jalil AR, Andrechak JC, Hayes BH, Chenoweth DM, Discher DE. Human CD47-Derived Cyclic Peptides Enhance Engulfment of mAb-Targeted Melanoma by Primary Macrophages. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:1973-1982. [PMID: 35285229 PMCID: PMC10805119 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CD47 on healthy cells, cancer cells, and even engineered particles can inhibit phagocytic clearance by binding SIRPα on macrophages. To mimic and modulate this interaction with peptides that could be used as soluble antagonists or potentially as bioconjugates to surfaces, we made cyclic "nano-Self" peptides based on the key interaction loop of human CD47. Melanoma cells were studied as a standard preclinical cancer model and were antibody-opsonized to adhere to and activate engulfment by primary mouse macrophages. Phagocytosis in the presence of soluble peptides showed cyclic > wildtype > scrambled activity, with the same trend observed with human cells. Opsonized cells that were not engulfed adhered tightly to macrophages, with opposite trends to phagocytosis. Peptide activity is nonetheless higher in human versus mouse assays, consistent with species differences in CD47-SIRPα. Small peptides thus function as soluble antagonists of a major macrophage checkpoint.
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30
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Torcasio SM, Oliva R, Montesi M, Panseri S, Bassi G, Mazzaglia A, Piperno A, Coulembier O, Scala A. Three-armed RGD-decorated starPLA-PEG nanoshuttle for docetaxel delivery. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 140:213043. [PMID: 35914327 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel star-shaped amphiphilic copolymer based on three poly(lactide)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLA-PEG) terminal arms extending from a glycerol multifunctional core was newly synthesized and decorated with the tumor-targeting ligand cyclic-RGDyK peptide (Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Tyr-Lys) to be eventually formulated in polymeric micelles incorporating a suitable anticancer drug (i.e., Docetaxel, DTX; drug loading 16 %, encapsulation efficiency 69 %). The biological profile of unloaded micelles (RGD-NanoStar) was studied on Human Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (Ad-MSCs) as health control, pointing out the absence of toxicity. Surprisingly, an unprecedented effect on cell viability was exerted by RGD-NanoStar, comparable to that of the free DTX, on tumoral MDA-MB 468 Human Breast Adenocarcinoma cells, specifically starting from 48 h of culture (about 40 % and 60 % of dead cells at 48 and 72 h, respectively, at all tested concentrations). RGD-NanoStar reduced the cell viability also of tumoral U87 Human Glioblastoma cells, compared to cells only, at 72 h (about 25 % of dead cells) demonstrating a time-dependent effect exerted by the highest concentrations. The effects of DTX-loaded micelles (RGD-NanoStar/DTX) on U87 and MDA-MB 468 cell lines were evaluated by MTT, cell morphology analysis, and scratch test. A compromised cell morphology was observed without significant difference between DTX-treated and RGD-NanoStar/DTX - treated cells, especially in U87 cell line. Although no apparent benefit emerged from the drug incorporation into the nanosystem by MTT assay, the scratch test revealed a statistically significant inhibition of tumoral cell migration on both cell lines, confirming the well-known role of DTX in inhibiting cell movements even when loaded on polymeric micelles. Specifically, only 43 μm distance was covered by U87 cells after 30 h culture with RGD-NanoStar/DTX (30 μg/mL) compared to 73 μm in the presence of free DTX at the same concentration; more interestingly, a total absence of MDA-MB 468 cell movements was detected at 30 h compared to about 50 μm distance covered by cells in the presence of free DTX (10 μg/mL). The stronger inhibitory activity on cell migration of RGD-NanoStar/DTX compared to the free drug in both cell lines at 30 h attested for a good ability of the drug-loaded nanocarrier to reduce tumor propagation and invasiveness, enhancing the typical effect of DTX on metastatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Maria Torcasio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc 23, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Roberto Oliva
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Monica Montesi
- CNR-ISTEC, Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council of Italy, Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, RA, Italy.
| | - Silvia Panseri
- CNR-ISTEC, Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council of Italy, Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, RA, Italy
| | - Giada Bassi
- CNR-ISTEC, Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council of Italy, Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, RA, Italy
| | - Antonino Mazzaglia
- CNR-ISMN, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, URT of Messina c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences of the University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Anna Piperno
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Olivier Coulembier
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc 23, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Angela Scala
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
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31
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Migliorini F, Cini E, Dreassi E, Finetti F, Ievoli G, Macrì G, Petricci E, Rango E, Trabalzini L, Taddei M. A pH-responsive crosslinker platform for antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeting delivery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10532-10535. [PMID: 36043993 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03052g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a new 1-6 self-immolative, traceless crosslinker derived from the natural product gallic acid. The linker acts through a pH-dependent mechanism for drug release. This 5-(hydroxymethyl)pyrogallol orthoester derivative (HMPO) was stable for 24 hours at pH values of 7.4 and 6.6 and in plasma, releasing molecules bound to the hydroxymethyl moiety under acid-dependent stimuli at pH 5.5. The linker was non-toxic and was used for the conjugation of Doxorubicin (Doxo) or Combretastatin A4 with Cetuximab. The ADCs formed showed their pH responsivity reducing cell viability of A431 and A549 cancer cells better than Cetuximab alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Migliorini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A.Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Elena Cini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A.Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Elena Dreassi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A.Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Federica Finetti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A.Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Ievoli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A.Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Giulia Macrì
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A.Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Elena Petricci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A.Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Enrico Rango
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A.Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Lorenza Trabalzini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A.Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Taddei
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A.Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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32
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Chen Y, Jia L, Zhu G, Wang W, Geng M, Lu H, Zhang Y, Zhou M, Zhang F, Cheng X. Sortase A-mediated cyclization of novel polycyclic RGD peptides for α νβ 3 integrin targeting. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 73:128888. [PMID: 35839966 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic (RGD) peptides that specifically bind to integrin ανβ3 have been developed for drug delivery, tracers, and imaging for tumor diagnosis and treatment. Herein, a series of polycyclic RGD peptides containing dual, tri, and tetra rings were designed and synthesized through sortase A-mediated ligation. An in vitro test on cell adhesion inhibition indicated that the RGD peptide containing tricylic structure exhibited outstanding potency and selectivity for ανβ3 integrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Chen
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Medicinal and Food Homologous Natural Resources Exploration, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Lixuan Jia
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Medicinal and Food Homologous Natural Resources Exploration, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Guilan Zhu
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Medicinal and Food Homologous Natural Resources Exploration, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Medicinal and Food Homologous Natural Resources Exploration, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Ming Geng
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Medicinal and Food Homologous Natural Resources Exploration, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Hongxia Lu
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Medicinal and Food Homologous Natural Resources Exploration, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Medicinal and Food Homologous Natural Resources Exploration, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Minghui Zhou
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Medicinal and Food Homologous Natural Resources Exploration, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Fangyan Zhang
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Medicinal and Food Homologous Natural Resources Exploration, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xiaozhong Cheng
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Medicinal and Food Homologous Natural Resources Exploration, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China.
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33
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Bugatti K, Andreucci E, Monaco N, Battistini L, Peppicelli S, Ruzzolini J, Curti C, Zanardi F, Bianchini F, Sartori A. Nintedanib-Containing Dual Conjugates Targeting α Vβ 6 Integrin and Tyrosine Kinase Receptors as Potential Antifibrotic Agents. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:17658-17669. [PMID: 35664627 PMCID: PMC9161413 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
αVβ6 Integrin plays a fundamental role in the activation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), the major profibrotic mediator; for this reason, αVβ6 ligands have recently been forwarded to clinical phases for the therapy of fibrotic diseases. Herein, we report the synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation as antifibrotic agents of three new covalent conjugates, constituted by c(AmpLRGDL), an αVβ6 integrin-recognizing small cyclopeptide, and nintedanib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) treatment. One of these conjugates recapitulates optimal in vitro antifibrotic properties of the two active units. The integrin ligand portion within the conjugate plays a role in inhibiting profibrotic stimuli, potentiating the nintedanib effect and favoring the selective uptake of the conjugate in cells overexpressing αVβ6 integrin. These results may open a new perspective on the development of dual conjugates in the targeted therapy of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Bugatti
- Department
of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Elena Andreucci
- Department
of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Noemi Monaco
- Department
of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Lucia Battistini
- Department
of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Peppicelli
- Department
of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Jessica Ruzzolini
- Department
of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Claudio Curti
- Department
of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Franca Zanardi
- Department
of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Bianchini
- Department
of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Sartori
- Department
of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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Echavidre W, Picco V, Faraggi M, Montemagno C. Integrin-αvβ3 as a Therapeutic Target in Glioblastoma: Back to the Future? Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051053. [PMID: 35631639 PMCID: PMC9144720 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary malignant brain tumor, is associated with a dismal prognosis. Standard therapies including maximal surgical resection, radiotherapy, and temozolomide chemotherapy remain poorly efficient. Improving GBM treatment modalities is, therefore, a paramount challenge for researchers and clinicians. GBMs exhibit the hallmark feature of aggressive invasion into the surrounding tissue. Among cell surface receptors involved in this process, members of the integrin family are known to be key actors of GBM invasion. Upregulation of integrins was reported in both tumor and stromal cells, making them a suitable target for innovative therapies targeting integrins in GBM patients, as their impairment disrupts tumor cell proliferation and invasive capacities. Among them, integrin-αvβ3 expression correlates with high-grade GBM. Driven by a plethora of preclinical biological studies, antagonists of αvβ3 rapidly became attractive therapeutic candidates to impair GBM tumorigenesis. In this perspective, the advent of nuclear medicine is currently one of the greatest components of the theranostic concept in both preclinical and clinical research fields. In this review, we provided an overview of αvβ3 expression in GBM to emphasize the therapeutic agents developed. Advanced current and future developments in the theranostic field targeting αvβ3 are finally discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Echavidre
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 98000 Monaco, Monaco; (W.E.); (C.M.)
| | - Vincent Picco
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 98000 Monaco, Monaco; (W.E.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +377-97-77-44-15
| | - Marc Faraggi
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Centre Hospitalier Princesse Grace, 98000 Monaco, Monaco;
| | - Christopher Montemagno
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 98000 Monaco, Monaco; (W.E.); (C.M.)
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, CNRS UMR 7284, INSERM U1081, Université Cote d’Azur, 06200 Nice, France
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35
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Paulus J, Sewald N. Synthesis and Evaluation of a Non-Peptide Small-Molecule Drug Conjugate Targeting Integrin αVβ3. Front Chem 2022; 10:869639. [PMID: 35480387 PMCID: PMC9035832 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.869639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
An integrin αVβ3-targeting linear RGD mimetic containing a small-molecule drug conjugate (SMDC) was synthesized by combining the antimitotic agent monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), an enzymatically cleavable Val-Ala-PABC linker with a linear conjugable RGD mimetic. The structure proposal for the conjugable RGD mimetic was suggested upon the DAD mapping analysis of a previously synthesized small-molecule RGD mimetic array based on a tyrosine scaffold. Therefore, a diversifying strategy was developed as well as a novel method for the partial hydrogenation of pyrimidines in the presence of the hydrogenolytically cleavable Cbz group. The small-molecule RGD mimetics were evaluated in an ELISA-like assay, and the structural relationships were analyzed by DAD mapping revealing activity differences induced by structural changes as visualized in dependence on special structural motifs. This provided a lead structure for generation of an SMDC containing the antimitotic drug MMAE. The resulting SMDC containing a linear RGD mimetic was tested in a cell adhesion and an in vitro cell viability assay in comparison to reference SMDCs containing cRGDfK or cRADfK as the homing device. The linear RGD SMDC and the cRGDfK SMDC inhibited adhesion of αVβ3-positive WM115 cells to vitronectin with IC50 values in the low µM range, while no effect was observed for the αVβ3-negative M21-L cell line. The cRADfK SMDC used as a negative control was about 30-fold less active in the cell adhesion assay than the cRGDfK SMDC. Conversely, both the linear RGD SMDC and the cRGDfK SMDC are about 55-fold less cytotoxic than MMAE against the αVβ3-positive WM115 cell line with IC50 values in the nM range, while the cRADfK SMDC is 150-fold less cytotoxic than MMAE. Hence, integrin binding also influences the antiproliferative activity giving a targeting index of 2.8.
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Baiula M, Cirillo M, Martelli G, Giraldi V, Gasparini E, Anelli AC, Spampinato SM, Giacomini D. Selective Integrin Ligands Promote Cell Internalization of the Antineoplastic Agent Fluorouracil. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:1528-1542. [PMID: 34661072 PMCID: PMC8506610 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Drug conjugates consisting of an antineoplastic drug and a targeting receptor ligand could be effective to overcome the heavy side effects of unselective anticancer agents. To address this need, we report here the results of a project aimed to study agonist and antagonist integrin ligands as targeting head of molecular cargoes for the selective delivery of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) to cancer or noncancer cells. Initially, two fluorescent β-lactam-based integrin ligands were synthesized and tested for an effective and selective internalization mediated by α4β1 or α5β1 integrins in Jurkat and K562 cells, respectively. No cellular uptake was observed for both fluorescent compounds in HEK293 noncancerous control cells. Afterward, three conjugates composed of the β-lactam-based integrin ligand, suitable linkers, and 5-FU were realized. The best compound E, acting as α5β1 integrin agonist, is able to selectively deliver 5-FU into tumor cells, successfully leading to cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Baiula
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University
of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Cirillo
- Department
of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Martelli
- Department
of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Gasparini
- Department
of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Santi Mario Spampinato
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University
of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daria Giacomini
- Department
of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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