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Wang S, Liu Z, Wang J, Cheng L, Hu J, Tang J. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in nerve repair. Regen Ther 2024; 27:244-250. [PMID: 38586873 PMCID: PMC10997806 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2024.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has the capability of assisting in the recovery of damaged tissues by releasing a variety of biologically active factors to initiate a hemostatic cascade reaction and promote the synthesis of new connective tissue and revascularization. It is now widely used for tissue engineering repair. In addition, PRP has demonstrated nerve repair and pain relief, and has been studied and applied to the facial nerve, median nerve, sciatic nerve, and central nerve. These suggest that PRP injection therapy has a positive effect on nerve repair. This indicates that PRP has high clinical value and potential application in nerve repair. It is worthwhile for scientists and medical workers to further explore and study PRP to expand its application in nerve repair, and to provide a more reliable scientific basis for the opening of a new approach to nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Wang
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Zhengping Liu
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Jianing Wang
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Lulu Cheng
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Jinfeng Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, NO. 239 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Jin Tang
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Wuhan Sports University, NO 279 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
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Todeschi J, Dannhoff G, Coca AH, Timbolschi DI, Proust F, Lefebvre F, Lelievre V, Poisbeau P, Vallat L, Salvat E, Bohren Y. Effect of an intraoperative periradicular application of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on residual post-surgical neuropathic pain after disc herniation surgery: study protocol for NeuroPRF, a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2023; 24:418. [PMID: 37337269 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07420-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of post-surgical lumbar neuropathic radiculopathy is approximately 30%. Poor response to the recommended treatments for neuropathic pain, namely antidepressants and/or gabapentinoids, requires the development of new techniques to prevent chronic pain. One such well-tolerated technique is the administration of autologous plasma enriched in platelets and fibrin (PRF). This approach is largely used in regenerative medicine owing to the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of PRF. It could also be an interesting adjuvant to surgery, as it reduces neurogenic inflammation and promotes nerve recovery, thereby reducing the incidence of residual postoperative chronic pain. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the benefit of periradicular intraoperative application of PRF on the residual postsurgical neuropathic pain after disc herniation surgery. METHODS A randomized, prospective, interventional, controlled, single-blind study with evaluation by a blind outcome assessor will be performed in Strasbourg University Hospital. We will compare a control group undergoing conventional surgery to an experimental group undergoing surgery and periradicular administration of PRF (30 patients in each arm). The primary outcome is the intensity of postoperative neuropathic radicular pain, measured by a visual analog scale (VAS) at 6 months post-surgery. The secondary outcomes are the characteristics of neuropathic pain (NPSI), the quality of life (SF-12 and PGIC), the presence of anxiety/depression symptoms (HAD), and the consumption of analgesics. We will also carry out transcriptomic analysis of a panel of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in blood samples, before surgery and at 6 months follow-up. These gene expression results will be correlated with clinical data, in particular, with the apparition of postoperative neuropathic pain. DISCUSSION This study is the first randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy of PRF in the prevention of neuropathic pain following surgery for herniated disc. This study addresses not only a clinical question but will also provide information on the physiopathological mechanisms of neuropathic pain. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05196503 , February 24, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Todeschi
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Guillaume Dannhoff
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Andres Hugo Coca
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Daniel Ionut Timbolschi
- Centre d'Evaluation Et Traitement de La Douleur (CETD), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 Avenue Molière, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - François Proust
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - François Lefebvre
- Service de Santé Publique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Lelievre
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut Des Neurosciences Cellulaires Et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierrick Poisbeau
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut Des Neurosciences Cellulaires Et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurent Vallat
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Département de Génétique Moléculaire Des Cancers, Pôle de Biologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Eric Salvat
- Centre d'Evaluation Et Traitement de La Douleur (CETD), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 Avenue Molière, 67200, Strasbourg, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut Des Neurosciences Cellulaires Et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yohann Bohren
- Centre d'Evaluation Et Traitement de La Douleur (CETD), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 Avenue Molière, 67200, Strasbourg, France.
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Sharma HS, Feng L, Chen L, Huang H, Ryan Tian Z, Nozari A, Muresanu DF, Lafuente JV, Castellani RJ, Wiklund L, Sharma A. Cerebrolysin Attenuates Exacerbation of Neuropathic Pain, Blood-spinal Cord Barrier Breakdown and Cord Pathology Following Chronic Intoxication of Engineered Ag, Cu or Al (50-60 nm) Nanoparticles. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1864-1888. [PMID: 36719560 PMCID: PMC10119268 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03861-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is associated with abnormal sensations and/or pain induced by non-painful stimuli, i.e., allodynia causing burning or cold sensation, pinching of pins and needles like feeling, numbness, aching or itching. However, no suitable therapy exists to treat these pain syndromes. Our laboratory explored novel potential therapeutic strategies using a suitable composition of neurotrophic factors and active peptide fragments-Cerebrolysin (Ever Neuro Pharma, Austria) in alleviating neuropathic pain induced spinal cord pathology in a rat model. Neuropathic pain was produced by constrictions of L-5 spinal sensory nerves for 2-10 weeks period. In one group of rats cerebrolysin (2.5 or 5 ml/kg, i.v.) was administered once daily after 2 weeks until sacrifice (4, 8 and 10 weeks). Ag, Cu and Al NPs (50 mg/kg, i.p.) were delivered once daily for 1 week. Pain assessment using mechanical (Von Frey) or thermal (Hot-Plate) nociceptive showed hyperalgesia from 2 weeks until 10 weeks progressively that was exacerbated following Ag, Cu and Al NPs intoxication in nerve lesioned groups. Leakage of Evans blue and radioiodine across the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) is seen from 4 to 10 weeks in the rostral and caudal cord segments associated with edema formation and cell injury. Immunohistochemistry of albumin and GFAP exhibited a close parallelism with BSCB leakage that was aggravated by NPs following nerve lesion. Light microscopy using Nissl stain exhibited profound neuronal damages in the cord. Transmission electron microcopy (TEM) show myelin vesiculation and synaptic damages in the cord that were exacerbated following NPs intoxication. Using ELISA spinal tissue exhibited increased albumin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), myelin basic protein (MBP) and heat shock protein (HSP 72kD) upregulation together with cytokines TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 levels in nerve lesion that was exacerbated following NPs intoxication. Cerebrolysin treatment significantly reduced hyperalgesia and attenuated BSCB disruption, edema formation and cellular changes in nerve lesioned group. The levels of cytokines were also restored near normal levels with cerebrolysin treatment. Albumin, GFAP, MABP and HSP were also reduced in cerebrolysin treated group and thwarted neuronal damages, myelin vesiculation and cell injuries. These neuroprotective effects of cerebrolysin with higher doses were also effective in nerve lesioned rats with NPs intoxication. These observations suggest that cerebrolysin actively protects spinal cord pathology and hyperalgesia following nerve lesion and its exacerbation with metal NPs, not reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Dept. of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Frödingsgatan 12, LGH 1103, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Lianyuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Zhongshan Road (West), Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Hongyun Huang
- Beijing Hongtianji Neuroscience Academy, Beijing, 100143, China
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Dept. Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
- "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, 37 Mircea Eliade Street, 400364, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Dept. Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Rudy J Castellani
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Dept. of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Dept. of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Frödingsgatan 12, LGH 1103, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden.
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de Castro JC, Wang D, Strakowski J, Emril DR, Chang Chien GC. Alpha-2 macroglobulin for the treatment of neuroma pain in the stump of a below-knee amputee patient. Pain Manag 2023; 13:335-341. [PMID: 37551540 DOI: 10.2217/pmt-2023-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This case report describes the successful treatment of neuroma pain in the setting of below knee amputations using alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M). A 34-year-old female patient presented with 9 months of stump pain despite conservative treatment. The exam revealed persistent pain through rest periods and weight-bearing status during therapy. Ultrasound showed neuroma formation with neovascularization. The patient underwent two A2M hydrodissection treatments, 2 weeks apart. The patient reported significant pain relief. Ultrasound showed decreases in neovascularization and cross-sectional area of the neuroma. The patient was able to ambulate pain-free for 2 years and reported no pain since. A2M may be a treatment for patients with neuroma pain in the setting of amputations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeffrey Strakowski
- The Ohio State University, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Columbus, OH, 43214, USA
| | - Dessy R Emril
- Medical Faculty of Universitas Syiah Kuala, Aceh, Indonesia
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Miękisiak G. Editorial for the Special Issue “Chronic Neuropathic Pain Therapy and Anaesthesia”. Medicina (B Aires) 2023; 59:medicina59040674. [PMID: 37109632 PMCID: PMC10145259 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59040674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic neuropathic pain (CNP), a complex and debilitating condition arising from damage or dysfunction of the somatosensory nervous system, affects millions of people worldwide [...]
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Boivin JC, Zhu J, Ohyama T. Nociception in fruit fly larvae. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2023; 4:1076017. [PMID: 37006412 PMCID: PMC10063880 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2023.1076017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nociception, the process of encoding and processing noxious or painful stimuli, allows animals to detect and avoid or escape from potentially life-threatening stimuli. Here, we provide a brief overview of recent technical developments and studies that have advanced our understanding of the Drosophila larval nociceptive circuit and demonstrated its potential as a model system to elucidate the mechanistic basis of nociception. The nervous system of a Drosophila larva contains roughly 15,000 neurons, which allows for reconstructing the connectivity among them directly by transmission electron microscopy. In addition, the availability of genetic tools for manipulating the activity of individual neurons and recent advances in computational and high-throughput behavior analysis methods have facilitated the identification of a neural circuit underlying a characteristic nocifensive behavior. We also discuss how neuromodulators may play a key role in modulating the nociceptive circuit and behavioral output. A detailed understanding of the structure and function of Drosophila larval nociceptive neural circuit could provide insights into the organization and operation of pain circuits in mammals and generate new knowledge to advance the development of treatment options for pain in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Boivin
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jiayi Zhu
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tomoko Ohyama
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Correspondence: Tomoko Ohyama
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Effects of NADPH Oxidase Isoform-2 (NOX2) Inhibition on Behavioral Responses and Neuroinflammation in a Mouse Model of Neuropathic Pain. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020416. [PMID: 36830952 PMCID: PMC9953009 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidase isoform-2 (NOX2) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain (NP), mostly through the modulation of neuroinflammation. Since it is also accepted that some neuroimmune mechanisms underlying NP are sex-dependent, we aimed to evaluate the effects of early systemic treatment with the NOX2-selective inhibitor (NOX2i) GSK2795039 on behavioral responses and spinal neuroinflammation in spared nerve injury (SNI)-induced NP in male and female mice. Mechanical sensitivity was evaluated with the von Frey test, while general well-being and anxiety-like behavior were assessed with burrowing and light/dark box tests. Spinal microglial activation and cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10, as well as macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) were evaluated by immunofluorescence and multiplex immunoassay, respectively. NOX2i treatment reduced SNI-induced mechanical hypersensitivity and early SNI-induced microglial activation in both sexes. SNI-females, but not males, showed a transient reduction in burrowing activity. NOX2i treatment did not improve their burrowing activity, but tendentially reduced their anxiety-like behavior. NOX2i marginally decreased IL-6 in females, and increased M-CSF in males. Our findings suggest that NOX2-selective inhibition may be a potential therapeutic strategy for NP in both male and female individuals, with particular interest in females due to its apparent favorable impact in anxiety-like behavior.
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8
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Castro JCD, Wang D, Chien GCC. Regenerative medicine for neuropathic pain: physiology, ultrasound and therapies with a focus on alpha-2-macroglobulin. Pain Manag 2022; 12:779-793. [PMID: 35762220 DOI: 10.2217/pmt-2022-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The currently available drugs to treat neuropathic pain do not provide adequate pain management. As such, other treatments including stem cells, platelet-rich plasma and plasma-derived molecules such as alpha-2 macroglobulin (A2M) are being explored because they show promising potential for neuropathic pain. The various mechanisms and immunomodulatory effects could be a desirable approach in targeting neuropathic pain. This review indicates that A2M can be highly efficacious due to its conformational change during activation and specificity of action on various cytokines. Its ability to reduce neuropathic pain can further the future of neuropathic intervention. However, there is a lack of robust clinical studies and thus further research is needed to verify and expand the understanding of its therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeimylo C de Castro
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, The Medical City-South Luzon, Santa Rosa, Laguna, 4026, Philippines.,SMARTMD Center for Non-Surgical Pain Interventions, Makati, 1224, Philippines
| | - Daniel Wang
- Kansas City University, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA
| | - George C Chang Chien
- Pain Management, Ventura County Medical Center, Ventura, CA 93003, USA.,GCC Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Irvine, CA 92606, USA
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Machine-Learning Analysis of Serum Proteomics in Neuropathic Pain after Nerve Injury in Breast Cancer Surgery Points at Chemokine Signaling via SIRT2 Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073488. [PMID: 35408848 PMCID: PMC8998280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Persistent postsurgical neuropathic pain (PPSNP) can occur after intraoperative damage to somatosensory nerves, with a prevalence of 29–57% in breast cancer surgery. Proteomics is an active research field in neuropathic pain and the first results support its utility for establishing diagnoses or finding therapy strategies. Methods: 57 women (30 non-PPSNP/27 PPSNP) who had experienced a surgeon-verified intercostobrachial nerve injury during breast cancer surgery, were examined for patterns in 74 serum proteomic markers that allowed discrimination between subgroups with or without PPSNP. Serum samples were obtained both before and after surgery. Results: Unsupervised data analyses, including principal component analysis and self-organizing maps of artificial neurons, revealed patterns that supported a data structure consistent with pain-related subgroup (non-PPSPN vs. PPSNP) separation. Subsequent supervised machine learning-based analyses revealed 19 proteins (CD244, SIRT2, CCL28, CXCL9, CCL20, CCL3, IL.10RA, MCP.1, TRAIL, CCL25, IL10, uPA, CCL4, DNER, STAMPB, CCL23, CST5, CCL11, FGF.23) that were informative for subgroup separation. In cross-validated training and testing of six different machine-learned algorithms, subgroup assignment was significantly better than chance, whereas this was not possible when training the algorithms with randomly permuted data or with the protein markers not selected. In particular, sirtuin 2 emerged as a key protein, presenting both before and after breast cancer treatments in the PPSNP compared with the non-PPSNP subgroup. Conclusions: The identified proteins play important roles in immune processes such as cell migration, chemotaxis, and cytokine-signaling. They also have considerable overlap with currently known targets of approved or investigational drugs. Taken together, several lines of unsupervised and supervised analyses pointed to structures in serum proteomics data, obtained before and after breast cancer surgery, that relate to neuroinflammatory processes associated with the development of neuropathic pain after an intraoperative nerve lesion.
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Saumell-Esnaola M, Delgado D, García del Caño G, Beitia M, Sallés J, González-Burguera I, Sánchez P, López de Jesús M, Barrondo S, Sánchez M. Isolation of Platelet-Derived Exosomes from Human Platelet-Rich Plasma: Biochemical and Morphological Characterization. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052861. [PMID: 35270001 PMCID: PMC8911307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) is enriched in molecular messengers with restorative effects on altered tissue environments. Upon activation, platelets release a plethora of growth factors and cytokines, either in free form or encapsulated in exosomes, which have been proven to promote tissue repair and regeneration. Translational research on the potential of exosomes as a safe nanosystem for therapeutic cargo delivery requires standardizing exosome isolation methods along with their molecular and morphological characterization. With this aim, we isolated and characterized the exosomes released by human PRP platelets. Western blot analysis revealed that CaCl2-activated platelets (PLT-Exos-Ca2+) released more exosomes than non-activated ones (PLT-Exos). Moreover, PLT-Exos-Ca2+ exhibited a molecular signature that meets the most up-to-date biochemical criteria for platelet-derived exosomes and possessed morphological features typical of exosomes as assessed by transmission electron microscopy. Array analysis of 105 analytes including growth factors and cytokines showed that PLT-Exos-Ca2+ exhibited lower levels of most analytes compared to PLT-Exos, but relatively higher levels of those consistently validated as components of the protein cargo of platelet exosomes. In summary, the present study provides new insights into the molecular composition of human platelet-derived exosomes and validates a method for isolating highly pure platelet exosomes as a basis for future preclinical studies in regenerative medicine and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Saumell-Esnaola
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.S.-E.); (M.L.d.J.); (S.B.)
- Bioaraba, Neurofarmacología Celular y Molecular, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (G.G.d.C.); (I.G.-B.)
| | - Diego Delgado
- Advanced Biological Therapy Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (D.D.); (M.B.); (P.S.)
| | - Gontzal García del Caño
- Bioaraba, Neurofarmacología Celular y Molecular, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (G.G.d.C.); (I.G.-B.)
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Maider Beitia
- Advanced Biological Therapy Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (D.D.); (M.B.); (P.S.)
| | - Joan Sallés
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.S.-E.); (M.L.d.J.); (S.B.)
- Bioaraba, Neurofarmacología Celular y Molecular, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (G.G.d.C.); (I.G.-B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (M.S.); Tel.: +34-945-013114 (J.S.); +34-945-252077 (M.S.)
| | - Imanol González-Burguera
- Bioaraba, Neurofarmacología Celular y Molecular, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (G.G.d.C.); (I.G.-B.)
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Pello Sánchez
- Advanced Biological Therapy Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (D.D.); (M.B.); (P.S.)
| | - Maider López de Jesús
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.S.-E.); (M.L.d.J.); (S.B.)
- Bioaraba, Neurofarmacología Celular y Molecular, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (G.G.d.C.); (I.G.-B.)
| | - Sergio Barrondo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.S.-E.); (M.L.d.J.); (S.B.)
- Bioaraba, Neurofarmacología Celular y Molecular, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (G.G.d.C.); (I.G.-B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mikel Sánchez
- Advanced Biological Therapy Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (D.D.); (M.B.); (P.S.)
- Arthroscopic Surgery Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (M.S.); Tel.: +34-945-013114 (J.S.); +34-945-252077 (M.S.)
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