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Grandchamp des Raux H, Ghilardi T, Soderberg C, Ossmy O. The role of action concepts in physical reasoning: insights from late childhood. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230154. [PMID: 39155719 PMCID: PMC11391279 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
A fundamental component of human cognition is the ability to intuitively reason about behaviours of objects and systems in the physical world without resorting to explicit scientific knowledge. This skill was traditionally considered a symbolic process. However, in the last decades, there has been a shift towards ideas of embodiment, suggesting that accessing physical knowledge and predicting physical outcomes is grounded in bodily interactions with the environment. Infants and children, who learn mainly through their embodied experiences, serve as a model to probe the link between reasoning and physical concepts. Here, we tested school-aged children (5- to 15-year-olds) in online reasoning games that involve different physical action concepts such as supporting, launching and clearing. We assessed changes in children's performance and strategies over development and their relationships with the different action concepts. Children reasoned more accurately in problems that involved supporting actions compared to launching or clearing actions. Moreover, when children failed, they were more strategic in subsequent attempts when problems involved support rather than launching or clearing. Children improved with age, but improvements differed across action concepts. Our findings suggest that accessing physical knowledge and predicting physical events are affected by action concepts, and those effects change over development. This article is part of the theme issue 'Minds in movement: embodied cognition in the age of artificial intelligence'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Grandchamp des Raux
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, 32 Torrington Square , London, WC1E 7JL, UK
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, 32 Torrington Square , London WC1E 7JL, UK
| | - Tommaso Ghilardi
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, 32 Torrington Square , London, WC1E 7JL, UK
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, 32 Torrington Square , London WC1E 7JL, UK
| | - Christina Soderberg
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, 32 Torrington Square , London, WC1E 7JL, UK
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, 32 Torrington Square , London WC1E 7JL, UK
| | - Ori Ossmy
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, 32 Torrington Square , London, WC1E 7JL, UK
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, 32 Torrington Square , London WC1E 7JL, UK
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2
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Liang Y, Xu K, Ran Q. Shared structure of fundamental human experience revealed by polysemy network of basic vocabularies across languages. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5877. [PMID: 38467782 PMCID: PMC10928072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56571-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
How are concepts related to fundamental human experiences organized within the human mind? Our insights are drawn from a semantic network created using the Cross-Linguistic Database of Polysemous Basic Vocabulary, which focuses on a broad range of senses extracted from dictionary entries. The database covers 60 basic vocabularies in 61 languages, providing 11,841 senses from 3736 entries, revealing cross-linguistic semantic connections through automatically generated weighted semantic maps. The network comprises 2941 nodes connected by 3573 edges. The nodes representing body parts, motions, and features closely related to human experience occupy wide fields or serve as crucial bridges across semantic domains in the network. The polysemous network of basic vocabularies across languages represents a shared cognitive network of fundamental human experiences, as these semantic connections should be conceived as generally independent of any specific language and are driven by universal characteristics of the real world as perceived by the human mind. The database holds the potential to contribute to research aimed at unraveling the nature of cognitive proximity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Liang
- School of Liberal Arts, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ke Xu
- School of Liberal Arts, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qibin Ran
- School of Liberal Arts, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
- Tianjin Social Science Laboratary, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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3
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Alduais A, Al-Khawlani A, Almaghlouth S, Alfadda H. Cognitive Linguistics: Analysis of Mapping Knowledge Domains. J Intell 2022; 10:93. [PMID: 36412772 PMCID: PMC9680347 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence10040093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Language acquisition, processing, comprehension, and production encompass a complex mechanism. Particularly, the mechanisms by which we make sense of language, including perception, conceptualization, and processing, have been controversial topics among cognitive linguists and researchers in cognitive sciences. Cognitive processes such as attention, thought, perception, and memory play a significant role in meaningful human communication. This study aimed to apply the science mapping method to detect and visualize emerging trends and patterns in literature pertaining to cognitive linguistics. In order to accomplish this, eight bibliometric and eight scientometric indicators were used in conjunction with CiteSpace 5.8.R3 and VOSviewer 1.6.18 for scientometric analysis and data visualisation. The data were collected and triangulated from three databases, including 2380 from Scopus, 1732 from WOS, and 9911 from Lens from 1969 to 2022. Among the findings were the visualization of eight bibliometric indicators regarding the knowledge production size of cognitive linguistics based on year, country, university, journal, publisher, research area, authors, and cited documents. Second, we presented scientometric indicators with regard to cognitive linguistics development, including the most important authors in the field, co-citation networks, citation networks, sigma metrics to detect works with potential citation growth, and clusters to group related topics to cognitive linguistics. We conclude the study by emphasizing that cognitive linguistics has evolved from the micro level where it focused on studying cognitive aspects of language in relation to time, language, and modality dimensions, to the macro level, which examines cognitive processes and their relationship to the construction of meaningful communication using both sensation and perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alduais
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Ammar Al-Khawlani
- Institute of English Studies, University of Warsaw, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Shrouq Almaghlouth
- Department of English, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind Alfadda
- Department of Curriculum and Instruction, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Ciardo F, De Tommaso D, Wykowska A. Joint action with artificial agents: Human-likeness in behaviour and morphology affects sensorimotor signaling and social inclusion. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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5
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Kagher LA, Otaye‐Ebede L, Metcalfe B. Black lives and bodywork matters: A postcolonial critique of gender and embodiment in Nigeria. GENDER WORK AND ORGANIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/gwao.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Beverly Metcalfe
- ESA Business School Holy Spirit University of Kaslik Beirut Lebanon
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6
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Vesper C, Sevdalis V. Informing, Coordinating, and Performing: A Perspective on Functions of Sensorimotor Communication. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:168. [PMID: 32528263 PMCID: PMC7264104 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensorimotor communication is a form of communication instantiated through body movements that are guided by both instrumental, goal-directed intentions and communicative, social intentions. Depending on the social interaction context, sensorimotor communication can serve different functions. This article aims to disentangle three of these functions: (a) an informing function of body movements, to highlight action intentions for an observer; (b) a coordinating function of body movements, to facilitate real-time action prediction in joint action; and (c) a performing function of body movements, to elicit emotional or aesthetic experiences in an audience. We provide examples of research addressing these different functions as well as some influencing factors, relating to individual differences, task characteristics, and situational demands. The article concludes by discussing the benefits of a closer dialog between separate lines of research on sensorimotor communication across different social contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordula Vesper
- Department of Linguistics, Cognitive Science and Semiotics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Interacting Minds Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vassilis Sevdalis
- Department of Public Health, Sport Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Palagi E, Celeghin A, Tamietto M, Winkielman P, Norscia I. The neuroethology of spontaneous mimicry and emotional contagion in human and non-human animals. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 111:149-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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8
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The Mimicry Among Us: Intra- and Inter-Personal Mechanisms of Spontaneous Mimicry. JOURNAL OF NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10919-019-00324-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
This review explores spontaneous mimicry in the context of three questions. The first question concerns the role of spontaneous mimicry in processing conceptual information. The second question concerns the debate whether spontaneous mimicry is driven by simple associative processes or reflects higher-order processes such as goals, intentions, and social context. The third question addresses the implications of these debates for understanding atypical individuals and states. We review relevant literature and argue for a dynamic, context-sensitive role of spontaneous mimicry in social cognition and behavior. We highlight how the modulation of mimicry is often adaptive but also point out some cases of maladaptive modulations that impair an individuals’ engagement in social life.
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Meagher BR. Ecologizing Social Psychology: The Physical Environment as a Necessary Constituent of Social Processes. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2019; 24:3-23. [PMID: 31142181 DOI: 10.1177/1088868319845938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Recent trends in social psychology point to increased interest in extending current theories by better incorporating the body (e.g., embodied cognition) and the broader interpersonal context (e.g., situations). However, despite being a critical component in early social theorizing, the physical environment remains in large part underdeveloped in most research programs. In this article, I outline an ecological framework for understanding the person-environment relationship. After introducing this perspective, I describe how this approach helps reveal the critical role played by the physical environment in a variety of social processes, including childhood development, interpersonal relationships, and social identity. Finally, I review a topic in environmental psychology that has received little attention among social psychologists: territories. I provide an ecological perspective on how the design, use, and personalization of this type of environment guide and constrain regulatory processes involving social behavior, identity expression, and emotional experience.
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10
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Winkielman P, Coulson S, Niedenthal P. Dynamic grounding of emotion concepts. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 373:rstb.2017.0127. [PMID: 29914995 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotion concepts are important. They help us to understand, experience and predict human behaviour. Emotion concepts also link the realm of the abstract with the realm of bodily experience and actions. Accordingly, the key question is how such concepts are created, represented and used. Embodied cognition theories hold that concepts are grounded in neural systems that produce experiential and motor states. Concepts are also contextually situated and thus engage sensorimotor resources in a dynamic, flexible way. Finally, on that framework, conceptual understanding unfolds in time, reflecting embodied as well as linguistic and cultural influences. In this article, we review empirical work on emotion concepts and show how it highlights their grounded, yet dynamic and context-sensitive nature. The conclusions are consistent with recent developments in embodied cognition that allow concepts to be linked to sensorimotor systems, yet be flexibly sensitive to current representational and action needs.This article is part of the theme issue 'Varieties of abstract concepts: development, use and representation in the brain'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Winkielman
- Department of Psychology, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0109, USA .,Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland.,Behavioural Science Group, Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Seana Coulson
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Paula Niedenthal
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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11
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Xing Q, Rong C, Lu Z, Yao Y, Zhang Z, Zhao X. The Effect of the Embodied Guidance in the Insight Problem Solving: An Eye Movement Study. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2257. [PMID: 30534097 PMCID: PMC6275308 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insight is an important cognitive process in creative thinking. The present research applied embodied cognitive perspective to explore the effect of embodied guidance on insight problem solving and its underlying mechanisms by two experiments. Experiment 1 used the matchstick arithmetic problem to explore the role of embodied gestures guidance in problem solving. The results showed that the embodied gestures facilitate the participants’ performance. Experiment 2 investigated how embodied attention guidance affects insight problem solving. The results showed that participants performed better in prototypical guidance condition. Experiment 2a adopted the Duncker’s radiation problem to explore how embodied behavior and prototypical guidance influence problem solving by attention tracing techniques. Experiment 2b aimed to further examine whether implicit attention transfer was the real cause which resulted in participants over-performing in prototypical guidance condition in Experiment 2a. The results demonstrated that overt physical motion was unnecessary for individuals to experience the benefits of embodied guidance in problem solving, which supported the reciprocal relation hypothesis of saccades and attention. In addition, the questionnaire completed after experiments showed that participants did not realize the relation between guidance and insight problem solving. Taken together, the current study provided further evidence for that embodied gesture and embodied attention both facilitated the insight problem solving and the facilitation is implicit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xing
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuiliang Rong
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheyi Lu
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanfeng Yao
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.,Jiangcun Primary School, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhonglu Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Shunde Experiment Middle School, Foshan, China
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12
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Golec de Zavala A, Lantos D, Bowden D. Yoga Poses Increase Subjective Energy and State Self-Esteem in Comparison to 'Power Poses'. Front Psychol 2017; 8:752. [PMID: 28553249 PMCID: PMC5425577 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on beneficial consequences of yoga focuses on the effects of yogic breathing and meditation. Less is known about the psychological effects of performing yoga postures. The present study investigated the effects of yoga poses on subjective sense of energy and self-esteem. The effects of yoga postures were compared to the effects of ‘power poses,’ which arguably increase the sense of power and self-confidence due to their association with interpersonal dominance (Carney et al., 2010). The study tested the novel prediction that yoga poses, which are not associated with interpersonal dominance but increase bodily energy, would increase the subjective feeling of energy and therefore increase self-esteem compared to ‘high power’ and ‘low power’ poses. A two factorial, between participants design was employed. Participants performed either two standing yoga poses with open front of the body (n = 19), two standing yoga poses with covered front of the body (n = 22), two expansive, high power poses (n = 21), or two constrictive, low power poses (n = 20) for 1-min each. The results showed that yoga poses in comparison to ‘power poses’ increased self-esteem. This effect was mediated by an increased subjective sense of energy and was observed when baseline trait self-esteem was controlled for. These results suggest that the effects of performing open, expansive body postures may be driven by processes other than the poses’ association with interpersonal power and dominance. This study demonstrates that positive effects of yoga practice can occur after performing yoga poses for only 2 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Golec de Zavala
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of LondonLondon, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Social Sciences and HumanitiesPoznan, Poland.,Instituto Universitário de Lisboa-Centro de Intervenção SocialLisbon, Portugal
| | - Dorottya Lantos
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of LondonLondon, UK
| | - Deborah Bowden
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of LondonLondon, UK
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13
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Novin S, Oyserman D. Honor as Cultural Mindset: Activated Honor Mindset Affects Subsequent Judgment and Attention in Mindset-Congruent Ways. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1921. [PMID: 28018263 PMCID: PMC5145876 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Honor values articulate gender roles, the importance of reputation in maintaining one’s place in society, and maintaining respect for the groups one belongs to. In that sense honor provides a template for organizing social interactions and hence may be functional even among people and societies that do not report valuing and endorsing honor. We test the prediction that honor influences judgment and attention when activated in two experiments (N = 538). Using a culture-as-situated cognition perspective, we predicted that activating one aspect of honor would activate other aspects, even among individuals who do not much endorse honor values. We tested these predictions among European Americans, a group that is not typically associated with honor values. In each study, participants were randomly assigned to experimental or control groups, which differed in one way: the experimental group read statements about honor values as a first step and the control group did not. Participants then judged stick-figure pairs (judging which is male; Study 1, n = 130) or made lexical decisions (judging whether a letter-string formed a correctly spelled word; Study 2, n = 408). In Study 1, experimental group participants were more likely to choose the visually agentic figure as male. In Study 2, experimental group participants were more accurate at noticing that the letter-string formed a word if the word was an honor-relevant word (e.g., noble), but they did not differ from the control group if the word was irrelevant to honor (e.g., happy). Participants in both studies were just above the neutral point in their endorsement of honor values. Individual differences in honor values endorsement did not moderate the effects of activating an honor mindset. Though honor is often described as if it is located in space, we did not find clear effects of where our letter strings were located on the computer screen. Our findings suggest a new way to consider how honor functions, even in societies in which honor is not a highly endorsed value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheida Novin
- Department of Psychology, Utrecht UniversityUtrecht, Netherlands; Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann ArborMI, USA
| | - Daphna Oyserman
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA
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Abstract
In recent years, there has been rapidly growing interest in embodied cognition, a multifaceted theoretical proposition that (1) cognitive processes are influenced by the body, (2) cognition exists in the service of action, (3) cognition is situated in the environment, and (4) cognition may occur without internal representations. Many proponents view embodied cognition as the next great paradigm shift for cognitive science. In this article, we critically examine the core ideas from embodied cognition, taking a "thought exercise" approach. We first note that the basic principles from embodiment theory are either unacceptably vague (e.g., the premise that perception is influenced by the body) or they offer nothing new (e.g., cognition evolved to optimize survival, emotions affect cognition, perception-action couplings are important). We next suggest that, for the vast majority of classic findings in cognitive science, embodied cognition offers no scientifically valuable insight. In most cases, the theory has no logical connections to the phenomena, other than some trivially true ideas. Beyond classic laboratory findings, embodiment theory is also unable to adequately address the basic experiences of cognitive life.
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Creswell KG, Sayette MA, Schooler JW, Wright AGC, Pacilio LE. Visceral States Call for Visceral Measures: Verbal Overshadowing of Hunger Ratings Across Assessment Modalities. Assessment 2016; 25:173-182. [PMID: 27121082 DOI: 10.1177/1073191116645910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a nonverbal "visceral" measure of hunger (i.e., squeezing a handheld dynamometer) and provide the first evidence of verbal overshadowing effects in this visceral domain. We presented 106 participants with popcorn and recorded their hunger levels in one of three conditions: (1) first report hunger using a traditional self-report rating scale (i.e., verbal measure) and then indicate hunger by squeezing a dynamometer (i.e., nonverbal measure), (2) first indicate hunger nonverbally and then indicate hunger verbally, or (3) indicate hunger only nonverbally. As hypothesized, nonverbal measures of hunger predicted subsequent eating behavior when they were uncontaminated by verbal measures-either because they preceded verbal measures of hunger or because they were the sole measure of hunger. Moreover, nonverbal measures of hunger were a better predictor of eating behavior than verbal measures. Implications of the study for communicating embodied experiences in a way that escapes the confines of symbolic representations are discussed.
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O'Connor C. Embodiment and the Construction of Social Knowledge: Towards an Integration of Embodiment and Social Representations Theory. JOURNAL FOR THE THEORY OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jtsb.12110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cliodhna O'Connor
- Department of Psychology; Maynooth University; Maynooth, Co. Kildare Ireland
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17
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Topolinski S, Boecker L, Erle TM, Bakhtiari G, Pecher D. Matching between oral inward–outward movements of object names and oral movements associated with denoted objects. Cogn Emot 2015; 31:3-18. [DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2015.1073692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Topolinski
- Department of Psychology, Social and Economic Cognition, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lea Boecker
- Department of Psychology, Social and Economic Cognition, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Giti Bakhtiari
- Department of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Diane Pecher
- Department of Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Glenberg AM, Witt JK, Metcalfe J. From the Revolution to Embodiment: 25 Years of Cognitive Psychology. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2015; 8:573-85. [PMID: 26173215 DOI: 10.1177/1745691613498098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In 1988, the cognitive revolution had become institutionalized: Cognition was the manipulation of abstract symbols by rules. But, much like institutionalized political parties, some of the ideas were becoming stale. Where was action? Where was the self? How could cognition be smoothly integrated with emotions, with social psychology, with development, with clinical analyses? Around that time, thinkers in linguistics, philosophy, artificial intelligence, biology, and psychology were formulating the idea that just as overt behavior depends on the specifics of the body in action, so might cognition depend on the body. Here we characterize (some would say caricature) the strengths and weaknesses of cognitive psychology of that era, and then we describe what has come to be called embodied cognition: how cognition arises through the dynamic interplay of brain controlling bodily action controlling perception, which changes the brain. We focus on the importance of action and how action shapes perception, the self, and language. Having the body in action as a central consideration for theories of cognition promises, we believe, to help unify psychology.
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Know thy sound: perceiving self and others in musical contexts. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2014; 152:67-74. [PMID: 25113128 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article provides a summary of the findings from empirical studies that investigated recognition of an action's agent by using music and/or other auditory information. Embodied cognition accounts ground higher cognitive functions in lower level sensorimotor functioning. Action simulation, the recruitment of an observer's motor system and its neural substrates when observing actions, has been proposed to be particularly potent for actions that are self-produced. This review examines evidence for such claims from the music domain. It covers studies in which trained or untrained individuals generated and/or perceived (musical) sounds, and were subsequently asked to identify who was the author of the sounds (e.g., the self or another individual) in immediate (online) or delayed (offline) research designs. The review is structured according to the complexity of auditory-motor information available and includes sections on: 1) simple auditory information (e.g., clapping, piano, drum sounds), 2) complex instrumental sound sequences (e.g., piano/organ performances), and 3) musical information embedded within audiovisual performance contexts, when action sequences are both viewed as movements and/or listened to in synchrony with sounds (e.g., conductors' gestures, dance). This work has proven to be informative in unraveling the links between perceptual-motor processes, supporting embodied accounts of human cognition that address action observation. The reported findings are examined in relation to cues that contribute to agency judgments, and their implications for research concerning action understanding and applied musical practice.
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Fielding KS, Hornsey MJ, Swim JK. Developing a social psychology of climate change. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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25
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Abstract
Psychologists are increasingly interested in embodiment based on the assumption that thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are grounded in bodily interaction with the environment. We examine how embodiment is used in social psychology, and we explore the ways in which embodied approaches enrich traditional theories. Although research in this area is burgeoning, much of it has been more descriptive than explanatory. We provide a critical discussion of the trajectory of embodiment research in social psychology. We contend that future researchers should engage in a phenomenon-based approach, highlight the theoretical boundary conditions and mediators involved, explore novel action-relevant outcome measures, and address the role of individual differences broadly defined. Such research will likely provide a more explanatory account of the role of embodiment in general terms as well as how it expands the knowledge base in social psychology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Meier
- Department of Psychology, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, PA 17325, USA.
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Chen BB, Chang L. Bitter struggle for survival: Evolved bitterness embodiment of survival motivation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bohns VK, Wiltermuth SS. It hurts when I do this (or you do that): Posture and pain tolerance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2011.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sevdalis V, Keller PE. Captured by motion: Dance, action understanding, and social cognition. Brain Cogn 2011; 77:231-6. [PMID: 21880410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Leung AKY, Qiu L, Ong L, Tam KP. Embodied Cultural Cognition: Situating the Study of Embodied Cognition in Socio-Cultural Contexts. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-9004.2011.00373.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Bohner
- Department of Psychology, University of Bielefeld, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany;
| | - Nina Dickel
- Department of Psychology, University of Bielefeld, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany;
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Abstract
Earlier research ( Schubert, 2005 ) showed that power is represented in vertical space: powerful = up and powerless = down. We propose that power is not simply structured in space in absolute terms, but that relational differences in power moderate the vertical representation of the powerful above the powerless. Two studies reveal that, when power differences are present (vs. absent), the vertical representation of power increases reliably. Power-related words were positioned higher in vertical space (Experiments 1A and 1B), and translated above guessing average by the upper higher one of two Chinese ideographs (Experiments 2A and 2B) when power was manipulated within rather than between participants in an experimental task. These studies support the view that power relations constitute an important aspect of the vertical representation of power.
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Abstract
The mere exposure phenomenon (repeated exposure to a stimulus is sufficient to improve attitudes toward that stimulus) is one of the most inspiring phenomena associated with Robert Zajonc’s long and productive career in social psychology. In the first part of this article, Richard Moreland (who was trained by Zajonc in graduate school) describes his own work on exposure and learning, and on the relationships among familiarity, similarity, and attraction in person perception. In the second part, Sascha Topolinski (a recent graduate who never met Zajonc, but found his ideas inspirational) describes his own work concerning embodiment and fluency in the mere exposure effect. Also, several avenues for future research on the mere exposure phenomenon are identified, further demonstrating its continuing relevance to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sascha Topolinski
- Department of Psychology -Social Psychology, University of Würzburg, Germany,
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