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Indirect amperometric detection of non-redox ions using a ferrocene-functionalized and oriented mesoporous silica thin film electrode. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.01.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Introducing a new method for evaluation of the interaction between an antigen and an antibody: Single frequency impedance analysis for biosensing systems. Talanta 2014; 125:7-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Liljegren G, Forsgard N, Zettersten C, Pettersson J, Svedberg M, Herranen M, Nyholm L. On-line electrochemically controlled solid-phase extraction interfaced to electrospray and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Analyst 2005; 130:1358-68. [PMID: 16172660 DOI: 10.1039/b508388e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemically controlled solid-phase extractions of anions were interfaced on-line to electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), using polypyrrole coated electrodes and a thin-layer electrochemical (EC) flow cell. The results indicate that electrochemically controlled solid-phase extraction (EC-SPE) can be used as a versatile potential controlled sample preparation technique for a range of anions and that the properties of the polypyrrole coatings can be modified by altering the electrodeposition conditions. In the present study, the influence of interfering anions (i.e., fluoride and sulfate), and the anion used during the electropolymerisation, on the bromide extraction recovery was investigated for EC-SPE interfaced to ICP-MS. The results of these experiments show that the interference due to the presence of similar concentrations of sulfate can be reduced when using a polypyrrole coating electropolymerised in the presence of bromide ions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were also used to study the morphology of the coatings, as well as the variations in the film thickness within the coatings. The effect of different desorption techniques on the bromide preconcentration factor in the ICP-MS on-line flow system was also examined. Stopped-flow desorption was found to give rise to significantly increased preconcentration factors in comparison with desorptions in flowing solutions. While the desorption efficiency depends on the type of desorption electrolyte (the electrolyte in which the desorption takes place), due to the competing influx of cations, the influence of the pH on the switching charge of the polypyrrole coating was found to be small, at constant ionic strength. To study the applicability of the EC-SPE technique with respect to real samples, investigations were also made with tap water samples spiked with different bromide concentrations. The results of these experiments, which were carried out using a modified thin-layer EC flow cell allowing in situ polymerisation of polypyrrole yielding a polymer plug covering the cross section of the channel, demonstrate that 3 microM concentrations of bromide could be detected in the tap water sample. This demonstrates that the extraction technique allows extractions of low concentrations of ions in the presence of significantly higher concentrations of other similar ions. The fact that the extraction and desorption steps are electrochemically controlled makes EC-SPE particularly well suited for inclusion in miniaturised lab-on-a-chip systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Liljegren
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 599, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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Walkiewicz S, Michalska A, Maksymiuk K. Sensitivity and Selectivity of Polypyrrole Based AC-Amperometric Sensors for Electroinactive Ions - Frequency and Applied Potential Influence. ELECTROANAL 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200403227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Application of electrodes modified with ion-exchange polymers for the amperometric detection of non-redox cations and anions in combination to ion chromatography. Electrochim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(01)00636-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Nguyen TA, Kokot S, Ongarato DM, Wallace GG. The Use of Chronoamperometry and Chemometrics for Optimization of Conducting Polymer Sensor Arrays. ELECTROANAL 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4109(199912)11:18<1327::aid-elan1327>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Sargent A, Loi T, Gal S, Sadik OA. The electrochemistry of antibody-modified conducting polymer electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(99)00231-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Walcarius A, Mariaulle P, Louis C, Lamberts L. Amperometric Detection of Nonelectroactive Cations in Electrolyte-Free Flow Systems at Zeolite Modified Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4109(199905)11:6<393::aid-elan393>3.0.co;2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Campbell TE, Hodgson AJ, Wallace GG. Incorporation of Erythrocytes into Polypyrrole to Form the Basis of a Biosensor to Screen for Rhesus (D) Blood Groups and Rhesus (D) Antibodies. ELECTROANAL 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4109(199904)11:4<215::aid-elan215>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. E. Campbell
- Intelligent Biopolymer Research Unit, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- IPRI, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave., Wollongong, NSW, Australia, 2522
- Dept. of Haematology, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Dept. of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - A. J. Hodgson
- Intelligent Biopolymer Research Unit, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Dept. of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Dept. of Biomedical Science, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave., Wollongong, NSW, Australia, 2522
| | - G. G. Wallace
- IPRI, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave., Wollongong, NSW, Australia, 2522
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Masila M, Sargent A, Sadik OA. Pattern Recognition Studies of Halogenated Organic Compounds Using Conducting Polymer Sensor Arrays. ELECTROANAL 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4109(199804)10:5<312::aid-elan312>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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A lactate dehydrogenase amperometric pyruvate electrode exploiting direct detection of NAD+ at a poly(3-methylthiophene):poly(phenol red) modified platinum surface. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0928-4931(97)00067-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Barisci JN, Wallace GG, Clarke A. Amperometric detection of electroinactive anions using conducting polymer electrodes subsequent to chromatographic separation. ELECTROANAL 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140090606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Lu W, Wallace GG. Conducting polymer sensors for the amperometric detection of proteins in a flow system - the use of sulfonated dye counterions to induce selectivity. ELECTROANAL 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140090605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Detection of amino acids at conducting electroactive polymer modified electrodes using flow injection analysis. Part I. Use of macroelectrodes. Anal Chim Acta 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(96)00477-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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John R, Ongarato DM, Wallace GG. Development of a conducting polymer-based microelectrode array detection system. ELECTROANAL 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140080704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Barisci JN, Murray P, Small CJ, Wallace GG. Studies of the preparation and analytical application of polypyrrole-coated microelectrodes for determination of aluminum. ELECTROANAL 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140080406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sadik OA, Van Emon JM. Applications of electrochemical immunosensors to environmental monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 1996; 11:i-xi. [PMID: 8639278 DOI: 10.1016/0956-5663(96)85936-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper discusses basic electrochemical immunoassay technology. Factors limiting the practical application of antibodies to analytical problems are also presented. It addresses the potential use of immunoassay methods based on electrochemical detection for the analysis of environmental samples. It provides examples for the detection and quantitation of environmental samples using conducting electroactive polymers (CEPs). CEP-based immunosensing systems are compared with conventional environmental immunoassay procedures. The advantages of using these types of sensors for rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective analysis of pesticides and toxic chemicals are analysed and discussed. CEP-based immunosensing technology might eventually be used for continuous monitoring of effluents such as waste streams to determine compliance with regulations. CEP-based sensors are suitable for monitoring ground-water, waste stream effluents, agricultural run-offs and for monitoring the effectiveness of remediation, or for other situations where a real-time monitoring capability is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Sadik
- US-EPA/National Exposure Research Laboratory/CRD, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193-3478, USA
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Lu W, Zhao H, Wallace G. Pulsed electrochemical detection of proteins using conducting polymer based sensors. Anal Chim Acta 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(95)00256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Hodgson A, Gilmore K, Small C, Wallace G, Mackenzie I, Aoki T, Ogata N. Reactive supramolecular assemblies of mucopolysaccharide, polypyrrole and protein as controllable biocomposites for a new generation of ‘intelligent biomaterials’. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0968-5677(94)90013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sadik OA, Wallace GG. Detection of electroinactive ions using conducting polymer microelectrodes. ELECTROANAL 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140061009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Barnett D, Laing DG, Skopec S, Sadik O, Wallace GG. Determination of P-Cresol (and Other Phenolics) Using a Conducting Polymer Based Electro-Immunological Sensing System. ANAL LETT 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719408002651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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