1
|
Sudhan N, Anitta S, Meenakshi S, Sekar C. Brushite nanoparticles based electrochemical sensor for detection of uric acid, xanthine, hypoxanthine and caffeine. Anal Biochem 2022; 659:114947. [PMID: 36216144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The research in the field of biosensors has recently been focused on the design and development of functional electrode materials that can respond to changes in their biochemical environment. Here, we report the synthesis of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD), also known as brushite (CaHPO4·2H2O) by soft chemical method and its application for electrochemical sensing of four different analytes. Phase purity, structure, chemical composition and surface morphology of the synthesized nanoparticles have been investigated using powder XRD, FTIR, SEM, XPS and HRTEM methods. Electrochemical sensor was prepared by modifying GCE with brushite and the modified electrodes were successfully used for either independent or simultaneous determination of uric acid, xanthine, hypoxanthine and caffeine in their mixture. The brushite/GCE exhibited four strong well-defined separate peaks corresponding to the oxidation of UA, XN, HXN and CF in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) at pH 7.4. The fabricated electrode showed low detection limits (S/N = 3) of 0.576, 1.0, 0.076 and 1.26 μM for UA, XN, HXN and CF respectively. Practical application of the fabricated electrode has been demonstrated by determining UA, XN, HXN and CF in human urine and coffee samples by direct method. The brushite offers scope for fabrication of sensor systems for implantable medical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Sudhan
- Department of Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 004, Tamilnadu, India; Department of Chemistry, Thiagarajar College, Madurai, 625009, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S Anitta
- Department of Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 004, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S Meenakshi
- Department of Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 004, Tamilnadu, India
| | - C Sekar
- Department of Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 004, Tamilnadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lan D, Zhang L. Electrochemical synthesis of a novel purine-based polymer and its use for the simultaneous determination of dopamine, uric acid, xanthine and hypoxanthine. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
3
|
Dervisevic M, Custiuc E, Çevik E, Şenel M. Construction of novel xanthine biosensor by using polymeric mediator/MWCNT nanocomposite layer for fish freshness detection. Food Chem 2015; 181:277-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
4
|
Bas SZ, Maltas E, Sennik B, Yilmaz F. Design of an electrochemical biosensing system for xanthine detection and a study on binding interaction of ketoconazole with xanthine oxidase. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
5
|
Devi R, Yadav S, Nehra R, Pundir CS. An amperometric hypoxanthine biosensor based on Au@FeNPs for determination of hypoxanthine in meat samples. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 62:629-35. [PMID: 24140402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A xanthine oxidase (XOD) from buttermilk was immobilized covalently onto boronic acid functionalized gold coated iron nanoparticles (Au@FeNPs) electrodeposited on pencil graphite (PG) electrode, via the boroester linkages, between free hydroxyl groups of boronic acid, α-COOH and -NH2 groups of enzyme. The surface functionalization of Fe/Au nanoparticles with boronic acid (Au@FeNPs) on pencil graphite (PG) electrode was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), cyclic voltammetry (CV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) before and after immobilization of XOD. The biosensor exhibited optimum response within 3s at pH 7.2 and 30 °C and linearity in the range, 0.05 μM to 150 μM for hypoxanthine with a detection limit of 0.05 μM (S/N=3). Apparent Michaelis Menten constant (Km(app)) for hypoxanthine was 40 μM and Imax 0.125 mA. The biosensor was employed to determine hypoxanthine in fish, chicken, pork, beef meat and lost 50% of its initial activity after its 200 uses over 100 days, when stored at 4 °C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rooma Devi
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Torres AC, Ghica ME, Brett CMA. Design of a new hypoxanthine biosensor: xanthine oxidase modified carbon film and multi-walled carbon nanotube/carbon film electrodes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:3813-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6631-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
7
|
Kalimuthu P, Leimkühler S, Bernhardt PV. Low-Potential Amperometric Enzyme Biosensor for Xanthine and Hypoxanthine. Anal Chem 2012; 84:10359-65. [DOI: 10.1021/ac3025027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Palraj Kalimuthu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular
Biosciences, University of Queensland,
Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Silke Leimkühler
- Institut für Biochemie
und Biologie, Universität Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Paul V. Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular
Biosciences, University of Queensland,
Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lawal AT, Adeloju SB. Progress and recent advances in fabrication and utilization of hypoxanthine biosensors for meat and fish quality assessment: a review. Talanta 2012; 100:217-28. [PMID: 23141330 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.07.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 07/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an update on the research conducted on the fabrication and utilization of hypoxanthine (Hx) biosensors published over the past four decades. In particular, the review focuses on progress made in the development and use of Hx biosensors for the assessment of fish and meat quality which has dominated research in this area. The various fish and meat freshness indexes that have been proposed over this period are highlighted. Furthermore, recent developments and future advances in the use of screen-printed electrodes and nanomaterials for achieving improved performances for the reliable determination of Hx in fish and meat are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulazeez T Lawal
- NanoScience and Sensor Technology Research Group, School of Applied Sciences and Engineering, Monash University, Churchill, Vic. 3842, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Application of Bismuth(III)-Entrapped XO Biosensing System for Xanthine Determination in Beverages. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-011-9304-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
10
|
Lawal A, Adeloju S. Comparison of polypyrrole-based xanthine oxidase amperometric and potentiometric biosensors for hypoxanthine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2010.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
11
|
Cete S, Yaşar A, Arslan F. An Amperometric Biosensor for Uric Acid Determination Prepared from Uricase Immobilized in Polypyrrole Film. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 34:367-80. [PMID: 16809136 DOI: 10.1080/10731190600684116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In order to prepare a biosensor for the determination of uric acid, electropolymerization of pyrrole on Pt surface was carried out with an electrochemical cell containing pyrrole, ferrocene (as a electron mediator) and tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborat in acetonitrile by cyclic voltammetry between 0.0 and 1.0 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) at a scan rate of 50 mV/s upon Pt electrode. Uricase was immobilized by a glutaraldehyde/gelatine croslinking procedure on to polypyrrole film after the electropolymerization processes. The response of the biosensor against uric acid was measured after 330 seconds following the application of a constant potential of +0.7 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The resulting biosensor exhibits excellent electrocatalysis for the uric acid. The amperometric determination is based on the electrochemical detection of H2O2, which is generated in enzymatic reaction of uric acid. The sensor responds to uric acid with a detection limit of 5.0 x 10(-7) M. The sensor remains relatively stable for 5 weeks. Interference effect were investigated on the amperometric response of the biosensor. Determination of uric acid was carried out in the biological fluids by biosensor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Servet Cete
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Arslan F. An Amperometric Biosensor for Uric Acid Determination Prepared From Uricase Immobilized in Polyaniline-Polypyrrole Film. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2008; 8:5492-5500. [PMID: 27873826 PMCID: PMC3705516 DOI: 10.3390/s8095492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2008] [Revised: 08/14/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new amperometric uric acid biosensor was developed by immobilizing uricase by a glutaraldehyde crosslinking procedure on polyaniline-polypyrrole (pani-ppy) composite film on the surface of a platinum electrode. Determination of uric acid was performed by the oxidation of enzymatically generated H₂O₂ at 0.4 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The linear working range of the biosensor was 2.5×10-6 - 8.5×10-5 M and the response time was about 70 s. The effects of pH, temperature were investigated and optimum parameters were found to be 9.0, 55 oC, respectively. The stability and reproducibility of the enzyme electrode have been also studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Arslan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li X, Xie Z, Min H, Xian Y, Jin L. Amperometric Biosensor for Hypoxanthine Based on Immobilized Xanthine Oxidase on Iron (III)Meso‐tetraphenylporphyrin Nanoparticles Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. ANAL LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710701567055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
14
|
Rahman M, Won MS, Shim YB. Xanthine Sensors Based on Anodic and Cathodic Detection of Enzymatically Generated Hydrogen Peroxide. ELECTROANAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200603799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
15
|
Arslan F, Yaşar A, Kiliç E. An amperometric biosensor for xanthine determination prepared from xanthine oxidase immobilized in polypyrrole film. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 34:111-26. [PMID: 16519408 DOI: 10.1080/10731190500430289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In order to prepare a biosensor for the determination of xanthine, electropolymerization of pyrrole on Pt surface was carried out with an electrochemical cell containing pyrrole, ferrocene (as a electron mediator) and tetrabutylamonium tetrafluoroborat in acetonitrile by cyclic voltammetry between 0.0 and 0.9V (vs SCE) at a scan rate of 50mV/s upon Pt electrode. Xanthine oxidase was immobilized by a glutaraldehyde/bovine serum albumin (BSA) crosslinking procedure on to polypyrrole film after the electropolymerization processes. The response of the biosensor against xanthine was measured after 3-4 min following the application of a constant potential of + 0.7 V (vs SCE). The resulting biosensor exhibits excellent electrocatalysis for the xanthine. The amperometric determination is based on the electrochemical detection of H202, which is generated in enzymatic reaction of xanthine. The effect of various experimental conditions was examined for the determination of the analytical performance. The sensor responds to xanthine with a detection limit of 1.0 x 10(-6)M. The response current increases linearly with xanthine concentration up to 4.0 x 10(-4) M. The sensor remains relatively stable for 45 days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Arslan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ghica ME, Brett CM. A glucose biosensor using methyl viologen redox mediator on carbon film electrodes. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
17
|
Oliveira-Brett AM, Silva LA, Farace G, Vadgama P, Brett CMA. Voltammetric and impedance studies of inosine-5'-monophosphate and hypoxanthine. Bioelectrochemistry 2003; 59:49-56. [PMID: 12699819 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5394(02)00189-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation mechanism and adsorption of inosine 5'-monophosphate and hypoxanthine were investigated in solutions of different pH using voltammetric and impedance methods at glassy carbon electrodes. For both compounds, the pH dependence from differential pulse voltammetry showed that the same number of electrons and protons are involved in the rate-determining step of the electrochemical reaction. In the case of hypoxanthine, it was also possible to study the effect of different concentrations. At high concentrations of hypoxanthine, two oxidation peaks were observed, the first due to hypoxanthine oxidation with formation of oligomers and the second due to hypoxanthine oligomer oxidation, both compounds adsorbing strongly. Impedance measurements corroborated the voltammetric results and enabled the study of the adsorption of hypoxanthine on glassy carbon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Oliveira-Brett
- Departamento de Química, Fac. Ciencias e Tecnologia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Stredansky M, Pizzariello A, Miertus S, Svorc J. Selective and sensitive biosensor for theophylline based on xanthine oxidase electrode. Anal Biochem 2000; 285:225-9. [PMID: 11017706 DOI: 10.1006/abio.2000.4746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Milk and microbial xanthine oxidases (XOs) were used for the construction of amperometric enzyme electrodes. Substrate specificity differences of these enzymes were studied. Of the two enzymes, only the microbial XO was found to oxidize theophylline, but not theobromine and caffeine. The substrate specificity of microbial XO was affected by pH, where the optimum for xanthine was 5.5, while for theophylline it was in the range from 6.5 to 8.5. The theophylline biosensor showed a low detection limit of 2 x 10(-7) M and signal linearity up to 5 x 10(-5) M. The sensitivity of the microbial XO electrode to theophylline could be selectively eliminated by immersion in alkaline phosphate solution, thus allowing for the construction of a blank electrode for differential measurements. The feasibility of this approach has been demonstrated by the determination of free (unbound) and total theophylline in blood samples. The biosensor exhibited good operational (>6 h) and shelf (>3 months) stability when trehalose was used as a stabilizer of the biocatalytic layer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Stredansky
- Polytech, Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, I-34012 Trieste, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hu S, Xu C, Luo J, Luo J, Cui D. Biosensor for detection of hypoxanthine based on xanthine oxidase immobilized on chemically modified carbon paste electrode. Anal Chim Acta 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)00748-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
20
|
Zen JM, Lai YY, Ilangovan G, Kumar AS. Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Hypoxanthine on a Nafion/Lead-Ruthenium Oxide Pyrochlore Modified Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4109(20000301)12:4<280::aid-elan280>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
21
|
Schumacher J, Münch I, Richter T, Rohm I, Bilitewski U. Investigations with respect to stabilization of screen-printed enzyme electrodes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(99)00022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
22
|
Voltammetric detection of nanomolar levels of hypoxanthine in the presence of copper (II) at glassy carbon electrode. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02827634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
23
|
Hu S. Electrocatalytic reduction of molecular oxygen on a sodium montmorillonite-methyl viologen carbon paste chemically modified electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(98)00445-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
24
|
HU S, LUO J, CUI D. An Enzyme-Chemically Modified Carbon Paste Electrode as a Glucose Sensor Based on Glucose Oxidase Immobilized in a Polyaniline Film. ANAL SCI 1999. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.15.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun LUO
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical University
| | - Dafu CUI
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hu S, Liu CC. Amperometric sensor for fish freshness based on immobilized multi-enzyme modified electrode. ELECTROANAL 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140091602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
26
|
|