1
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Evaluation of a composite nanomaterial consist of gold nanoparticles and graphene-carbon nitride as capillary electrochromatography stationary phase for enantioseparation. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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2
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Evaluation of Poly(glycidyl methacrylate)-Coated Column for Enantioseparation with Azithromycin Lactobionate and Clindamycin Phosphate as Chiral Selectors in Capillary Electrophoresis. Chromatographia 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-021-04029-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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3
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Gross EM, Porter LR, Stark NR, Lowry ER, Schaffer LV, Maddipati SS, Hoyt DJ, Stombaugh SE, Peila SR, Henry CS. Micromolded Carbon Paste Microelectrodes for Electrogenerated Chemiluminescent Detection on Microfluidic Devices. ChemElectroChem 2020; 7:3244-3252. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erin M. Gross
- Department of ChemistryCreighton University 2500 California Plaza Omaha NE 68178 USA
| | - Laura R. Porter
- Department of ChemistryCreighton University 2500 California Plaza Omaha NE 68178 USA
| | - Nicholas R. Stark
- Department of ChemistryCreighton University 2500 California Plaza Omaha NE 68178 USA
| | - Emily R. Lowry
- Department of ChemistryCreighton University 2500 California Plaza Omaha NE 68178 USA
| | - Leah V. Schaffer
- Department of ChemistryCreighton University 2500 California Plaza Omaha NE 68178 USA
| | - Sai Sujana Maddipati
- Department of ChemistryCreighton University 2500 California Plaza Omaha NE 68178 USA
| | - Dylan J. Hoyt
- Department of ChemistryCreighton University 2500 California Plaza Omaha NE 68178 USA
| | - Sarah E. Stombaugh
- Department of ChemistryCreighton University 2500 California Plaza Omaha NE 68178 USA
| | - Sarah R. Peila
- Department of ChemistryCreighton University 2500 California Plaza Omaha NE 68178 USA
| | - Charles S. Henry
- Department of ChemistryColorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
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4
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Castiaux AD, Currens ER, Martin RS. Direct embedding and versatile placement of electrodes in 3D printed microfluidic-devices. Analyst 2020; 145:3274-3282. [PMID: 32242194 PMCID: PMC7243341 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00240b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe how PolyJet 3D printing technology can be used to fully integrate electrode materials into microfluidic devices during the print process. This approach uses stacked printing (separate printing steps and stage drops) with liquid support to result in devices where electrodes and a capillary fluidic connection are directly integrated and ready to use when printing is complete. A key feature of this approach is the ability to directly incorporate electrode materials into the print process so that the electrode(s) can be placed anywhere in the channel (at any height). We show that this can be done with a single electrode or an electrode array (which led to increases in signal). In both cases, we found that a middle electrode configuration leads to a significant increase in the sensitivity, as opposed to more traditional bottom channel placement. Since the electrode is embedded in the device, in situ platinum black deposition was performed to aid in the detection of nitric oxide. Finally, a generator-collector configuration with an opposed counter electrode was made by placing two working electrodes ∼750 μm apart (in the middle of the channel) and a platinum counter electrode at the bottom of the channel. The utility of this configuration was demonstrated by dual electrode detection of catechol. This 3D printing approach affords robust electrochemical detection schemes with new electrode configurations being possible in a manner that also increases the ease of use and transferability of the 3D printed devices with integrated electrode materials.
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5
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Open-tubular capillary electrochromatography with β-cyclodextrin-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as stationary phase for enantioseparation of dansylated amino acids. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:244. [PMID: 30877441 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3318-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) modified with β-cyclodextrin and mono-6-deoxy-6-(1-methylimidazolium)-β-cyclodextrin tosylate (an ionic liquid), which called MNP-β-CD and MNP-β-CD-IL, were coated into the capillary inner wall. Compared to an uncoated capillary, the new systems show good reproducibility and durability. The systems based on the use of MNP-β-CD or MNP-β-CD-IL as stationary phases were established for enantioseparation of Dns-modified amino acids. Improved resolutions were obtained for both CEC systems. Primary parameters such as running buffer pH value and applied voltage were systematically optimized in order to obtain optimal enantioseparations. Under the optimized conditions, the capillaries exhibited excellent chiral recognition ability for six Dns-amino acids (the DL-forms of alanine, leucine, lsoleucine, valine, methionine, glutamic acid) and provided a promising way for the preparation of chiral column. Graphical Abstract Schematic presentation of the open-tubular capillary electrochromatography systems with MNP-β-CD and MNP-β-CD-IL as stationary phases for enantioseparation of dansylated amino acids.
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6
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Sun X, Du Y, Zhao S, Huang Z, Feng Z. Enantioseparation of propranolol, amlodipine and metoprolol by electrochromatography using an open tubular capillary modified with β-cyclodextrin and poly(glycidyl methacrylate) nanoparticles. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:128. [PMID: 30694392 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-3163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The inner wall of a capillary was coated with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) to form tentacle-type coating, and poly(glycidyl methacrylate) nanoparticles (PGMA NPs) were then immobilized on the film. Ethanediamine-β-cyclodextrin as chiral selector was covalently bonded into the PGMA NPs through the ring-open reaction. The materials were characterized by SEM, TEM and FT-IR. The modified column was applied to the enantioseparation of the racemates of propranolol, amlodipine and metoprolol. Compared to a capillary with a single layer of CD-PGMA (without GMA coating) and to a CD-GMA system (without PGMA nanoparticles), the performance of the capillary is strongly improved. The effects of buffer pH value and applied voltage were optimized. Best resolutions (propranolol: 1.27, metoprolol: 1.01 and amlodipine: 2.93) were obtained when using the PGMA-coated capillary system. The run-to-run, day-to-day and column-to-column reproducibility were tested and found to be highly attractive. The new stationary phase is likely to have a large potential and scope in that it may also be applied to chiral separations of other enantiomers, such as amino acids and biogenic amines. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of the preparation of a capillary column with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) coating which was then immobilized with poly(glycidyl methacrylate) nanoparticles and ethanediamine-β-cyclodextrin. This novel open tubular column was applied to construct capillary electrochromatography system for separation of basic racemic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxiang Du
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shiyuan Zhao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijie Feng
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
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7
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Sripirom J, Sim WC, Khunkaewla P, Suginta W, Schulte A. Simple and Economical Analytical Voltammetry in 15 μL Volumes: Paracetamol Voltammetry in Blood Serum as a Working Example. Anal Chem 2018; 90:10105-10110. [PMID: 30091360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Reported is a three-electrode mini-cell for voltammetry in 15 μL solutions. The key device component is a rolled platinum foil of an inverted omega-shaped cross section, which functions as both the electrolyte container and the counter-electrode. The analytical assembly was completed with properly sized working and reference electrodes in the two terminals of the quasi-tubular Pt trough. Its applicability in electrochemical assays of 15 μL solutions was verified by redox mediator voltammetry at graphite and noble metal sensors and by trace lead stripping voltammetry. Real sample analysis was adequate for drug detection in a volunteer's blood, drawn before and 1 or 4 h after ingestion of paracetamol. In line with its known pharmacokinetics, lack of drug as well as drug presence and clearance were proven correctly in the three samples. The mini-cell here is easy to assemble and operate, indefinitely reusable, and offers valuable economy in chemical usage and minimal waste. This is primarily a versatile device for electrochemical laboratory analysis of samples that are available only in small quantities, and cost-effective quantitative screens for expensive high-molecular-weight compounds, products of microsynthesis, physiological microdialysis collections, and finger-prick blood sampling are seen as feasible targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyapa Sripirom
- School of Chemistry, Biochemistry - Electrochemistry Research Unit - Institute of Science , Suranaree University of Technology (SUT) , Nakhon Ratchasima 30000 , Thailand
| | - Wei Chung Sim
- School of Chemistry, Biochemistry - Electrochemistry Research Unit - Institute of Science , Suranaree University of Technology (SUT) , Nakhon Ratchasima 30000 , Thailand
| | - Panida Khunkaewla
- School of Chemistry, Biochemistry - Electrochemistry Research Unit - Institute of Science , Suranaree University of Technology (SUT) , Nakhon Ratchasima 30000 , Thailand
| | - Wipa Suginta
- School of Chemistry, Biochemistry - Electrochemistry Research Unit - Institute of Science , Suranaree University of Technology (SUT) , Nakhon Ratchasima 30000 , Thailand
| | - Albert Schulte
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering , Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) , Rayong 21210 , Thailand
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8
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Lee DJ, Mai J, Huang TJ. Microfluidic approaches for cell-based molecular diagnosis. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:051501. [PMID: 30271515 PMCID: PMC6138474 DOI: 10.1063/1.5030891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The search for next-generation biomarkers has enabled cell-based diagnostics in a number of disciplines ranging from oncology to pharmacogenetics. However, cell-based diagnostics are still far from clinical reality due to the complex assays and associated protocols which typically require cell isolation, lysis, DNA extraction, amplification, and detection steps. Leveraging recent advances in microfluidics, many biochemical assays have been translated onto microfluidic platforms. We have compared and summarized recent advances in modular approaches toward the realization of fully-integrated, cell-based molecular diagnostics for clinical and point-of-care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - John Mai
- Alfred E. Mann Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
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9
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Martín A, Kim J, Kurniawan JF, Sempionatto JR, Moreto JR, Tang G, Campbell AS, Shin A, Lee MY, Liu X, Wang J. Epidermal Microfluidic Electrochemical Detection System: Enhanced Sweat Sampling and Metabolite Detection. ACS Sens 2017; 2:1860-1868. [PMID: 29152973 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite tremendous recent efforts, noninvasive sweat monitoring is still far from delivering its early analytical promise. Here, we describe a flexible epidermal microfluidic detection platform fabricated through hybridization of lithographic and screen-printed technologies, for efficient and fast sweat sampling and continuous, real-time electrochemical monitoring of glucose and lactate levels. This soft, skin-mounted device judiciously merges lab-on-a-chip and electrochemical detection technologies, integrated with a miniaturized flexible electronic board for real-time wireless data transmission to a mobile device. Modeling of the device design and sweat flow conditions allowed optimization of the sampling process and the microchannel layout for achieving attractive fluid dynamics and rapid filling of the detection reservoir (within 8 min from starting exercise). The wearable microdevice thus enabled efficient natural sweat pumping to the electrochemical detection chamber containing the enzyme-modified electrode transducers. The fabricated device can be easily mounted on the epidermis without hindrance to the wearer and displays resiliency against continuous mechanical deformation expected from such epidermal wear. Amperometric biosensing of lactate and glucose from the rapidly generated sweat, using the corresponding immobilized oxidase enzymes, was wirelessly monitored during cycling activity of different healthy subjects. This ability to monitor sweat glucose levels introduces new possibilities for effective diabetes management, while similar lactate monitoring paves the way for new wearable fitness applications. The new epidermal microfluidic electrochemical detection strategy represents an attractive alternative to recently reported colorimetric sweat-monitoring methods, and hence holds considerable promise for practical fitness or health monitoring applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Martín
- Department
of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jayoung Kim
- Department
of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jonas F. Kurniawan
- Department
of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Juliane R. Sempionatto
- Department
of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jose R. Moreto
- Department
of Aerospace Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182-1308, United States
| | - Guangda Tang
- Department
of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Alan S. Campbell
- Department
of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Andrew Shin
- Department
of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Min Yul Lee
- Department
of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Department
of Aerospace Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182-1308, United States
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department
of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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10
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Wuethrich A, Quirino JP. Derivatisation for separation and detection in capillary electrophoresis (2015-2017). Electrophoresis 2017; 39:82-96. [PMID: 28758685 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Derivatisation is an integrated part of many analytical workflows to enable separation and detection of the analytes. In CE, derivatisation is adapted in the four modes of pre-capillary, in-line, in-capillary, and post-capillary derivatisation. In this review, we discuss the progress in derivatisation from February 2015 to May 2017 from multiple points of view including sections about the derivatisation modes, derivatisation to improve the analyte separation and analyte detection. The advancements in derivatisation procedures, novel reagents, and applications are covered. A table summarising the 46 reviewed articles with information about analyte, sample, derivatisation route, CE method and method sensitivity is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Wuethrich
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Joselito P Quirino
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Physical Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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11
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Randviir EP, Banks CE. Electrode substrate innovation for electrochemical detection in microchip electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:1845-53. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward P. Randviir
- Division of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Faculty of Science and Engineering; School of Chemistry and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University; Lancs UK
| | - Craig E. Banks
- Division of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Faculty of Science and Engineering; School of Chemistry and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University; Lancs UK
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12
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Nikovaev AV, Kartsova LA, Filimonov VV. A microfluidic chip for the determination of polyphenolic antioxidants. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934815060118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Abstract
The reference electrode is a key component in electrochemical measurements, yet it remains a challenge to implement a reliable reference electrode in miniaturized electrochemical sensors. Here we explore experimentally and theoretically an alternative approach based on redox cycling which eliminates the reference electrode altogether. We show that shifts in the solution potential caused by the lack of reference can be understood quantitatively, and determine the requirements for accurate measurements in miniaturized systems in the absence of a reference electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahana Sarkar
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands, ; Fax: +31 53 489 3511; Tel : +31 53 489 2306
| | - Klaus Mathwig
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands, ; Fax: +31 53 489 3511; Tel : +31 53 489 2306
| | - Shuo Kang
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands, ; Fax: +31 53 489 3511; Tel : +31 53 489 2306
| | - Ab. F. Nieuwenhuis
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands, ; Fax: +31 53 489 3511; Tel : +31 53 489 2306
| | - Serge G. Lemay
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands, ; Fax: +31 53 489 3511; Tel : +31 53 489 2306
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14
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15
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Martín A, López MÁ, González MC, Escarpa A. Multidimensional carbon allotropes as electrochemical detectors in capillary and microchip electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2014; 36:179-94. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aída Martín
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Alcalá; Madrid Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel López
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Alcalá; Madrid Spain
| | - María Cristina González
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Alcalá; Madrid Spain
| | - Alberto Escarpa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Alcalá; Madrid Spain
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16
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Abstract
These insights attempt to share with the community the lights and shadows of one emerging and exciting topic, Food Microfluidics, defined as microfluidic technology for food analysis and diagnosis in important areas such as food safety and quality. The reader is invited to question non-easy interrogations such as why Food Microfluidics, what is the next step and what could we do with the available technology. This article invites food analysts to be seduced by this technology and then to take an interesting trip departing from the main gained achievements, having a look at the crossing bridges over Food Microfluidic challenges or having a look at available technology to start. Finally, this trip arrives at a privileged place to gaze the horizons. A wonderful landscape--full of inspiration--for Food Microfluidics is anticipated. These insights have also been written wishing to give improved conceptual and realistic solutions for food analysis, with the additional hope to attract the community with exciting technology, in order to get novel and unexpected achievements in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Escarpa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Alcalá E-28871, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona km 33,600. 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Kechadi M, Faure M, Sotta B, Gamby J. Investigating the Kinetics of Antibody Adsorption onto Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Modified with Gold Nanoparticles in Flow Microchannel. J Flow Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/jfc-d-13-00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Integrated microfluidic systems. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 119:179-94. [PMID: 20535602 DOI: 10.1007/10_2010_68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Using unique physical phenomena at the microscale, such as laminar flow, mixing by diffusion, relative increase of the efficiency of heat exchange, surface tension and friction due to the increase of surface-to-volume ratio by downscaling, research in the field of microfluidic devices, aims at miniaturization of (bio)chemical apparatus for high-throughput analyses. Microchannel networks as core components of microfluidic devices are fabricated on various materials, such as silicon, glass, polymers, metals, etc., using microfabrication techniques adopted from the semiconductor industry and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology, enabling integration of the components capable of performing various operations in microchannel networks. This chapter describes examples of diverse integrated microfluidic devices that incorporate functional components such as heaters for reaction temperature control, micropumps for liquid transportation, air vent structures for pneumatic manipulation of small volume droplets, optical fibers with aspherical lens structures for fluorescence detection, and electrochemical sensors for monitoring of glucose consumption during cell culture. The focus of this review is these integrated components and systems that realize useful functionalities for biochemical analyses.
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19
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Nejdl L, Kudr J, Cihalova K, Chudobova D, Zurek M, Zalud L, Kopecny L, Burian F, Ruttkay-Nedecky B, Krizkova S, Konecna M, Hynek D, Kopel P, Prasek J, Adam V, Kizek R. Remote-controlled robotic platform ORPHEUS as a new tool for detection of bacteria in the environment. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:2333-45. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Nejdl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Agronomy; Mendel University in Brno; Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Kudr
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Agronomy; Mendel University in Brno; Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Cihalova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Agronomy; Mendel University in Brno; Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Chudobova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Agronomy; Mendel University in Brno; Czech Republic
| | - Michal Zurek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Agronomy; Mendel University in Brno; Czech Republic
| | - Ludek Zalud
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Kopecny
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Burian
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Czech Republic
| | - Branislav Ruttkay-Nedecky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Agronomy; Mendel University in Brno; Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Czech Republic
| | - Sona Krizkova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Agronomy; Mendel University in Brno; Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Czech Republic
| | - Marie Konecna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Agronomy; Mendel University in Brno; Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Czech Republic
| | - David Hynek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Agronomy; Mendel University in Brno; Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kopel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Agronomy; Mendel University in Brno; Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prasek
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Agronomy; Mendel University in Brno; Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Czech Republic
| | - Rene Kizek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Agronomy; Mendel University in Brno; Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Czech Republic
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Cheung S, Ly J, Lazari M, Sadeghi S, Keng PY, van Dam RM. The separation and detection of PET tracers via capillary electrophoresis for chemical identity and purity analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 94:12-8. [PMID: 24534300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
CE coupled with UV detection was assessed as a possible platform for the chemical identity and purity analysis of positron emission tomography (PET) tracers using [(18)F]FAC and [(18)F]FLT as examples. Representative samples containing mixtures of the tracers plus well-known impurities, as well as real radioactive samples (formulated for injection), were analyzed. Using MEKC with SDS in a neutral phosphate buffer, the separation of all compounds in the samples was achieved with baseline resolutions in less than 4.5min and 3min for FLT and FAC samples, respectively. In comparison to the gold-standard for chemical analysis (i.e. HPLC/UV), we have demonstrated improvements in analysis times, and comparable LOD. Although the reproducibility in migration time is slightly lower than that of the HPLC, identification of the compounds was still possible due to good peak separation. In addition, we show that CE can be used to identify and quantify Krytofix2.2.2 (a toxic and commonly used phase transfer catalyst) in less than 2min and with a LOD of 45μg/mL (non-optimized). These results demonstrate adequate performance for chemical identity and purity analysis. Combined with the potential for miniaturization into a microchip format, these results suggest the potential of CE as an integral part of a miniaturized quality control system for PET tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Cheung
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging and Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jimmy Ly
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mark Lazari
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Saman Sadeghi
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging and Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Pei Yuin Keng
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging and Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - R Michael van Dam
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging and Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Bioengineering Department, University of California, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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21
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Martinez-Cisneros CS, Sanchez S, Xi W, Schmidt OG. Ultracompact three-dimensional tubular conductivity microsensors for ionic and biosensing applications. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:2219-24. [PMID: 24655094 PMCID: PMC3985718 DOI: 10.1021/nl500795k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We present ultracompact three-dimensional tubular structures integrating Au-based electrodes as impedimetric microsensors for the in-flow determination of mono- and divalent ionic species and HeLa cells. The microsensors show an improved performance of 2 orders of magnitude (limit of detection = 0.1 nM for KCl) compared to conventional planar conductivity detection systems integrated in microfluidic platforms and the capability to detect single HeLa cells in flowing phosphate buffered saline. These highly integrated conductivity tubular sensors thus open new possibilities for lab-in-a-tube devices for bioapplications such as biosensing and bioelectronics.
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22
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García M, Escarpa A. Microchip electrophoresis-copper nanowires for fast and reliable determination of monossacharides in honey samples. Electrophoresis 2013; 35:425-32. [PMID: 24115078 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Microchip electrophoresis (ME) with electrochemical detection has been demonstrated to be a powerful tool in food analysis. However, the coupling of ME with electrochemical detection and nanotechnologies is still in its infancy, knowing that nanomaterials can significantly improve the ME analytical performance. This work reports the coupling between ME and copper nanowires (CuNWs) for the selective analysis of monosaccharides in honey samples. Also, in terms of real applicability, the study of analytical reliability of ME is an issue of paramount importance. To this end, a representative group of nine honey samples were analyzed and the results were compared with those previously obtained by HPLC-refractive index. ME-CuNWs approach allowed the separation of glucose and fructose in <250 s under optimized separation (20 mM NaOH + 10 mM H3 BO3 , pH 12; separation voltage + 1000 V) and detection (E = +0.70 V in 20 mM NaOH + 10 mM H3 BO3 , pH 12) conditions. An excellent stability of EOF during sample analysis was achieved with RSDs for migration times <2% and for amperometric currents <9%. The quantitative contents for individual glucose and fructose obtained using ME-CuNWs in comparison with those obtained by HPLC-refractive index were highly in agreement with errors <10% indicating the reliability of the approach. The excellent analytical performance obtained confirms the analytical potency of ME-CuNWs approach, enhancing the maturity of the microchip technology and opening new avenues for future implementation of applications in the field of food analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel García
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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23
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García M, Alonso-Fernández JR, Escarpa A. Copper Nanowires Immobilized on the Boards of Microfluidic Chips for the Rapid and Simultaneous Diagnosis of Galactosemia Diseases in Newborn Urine Samples. Anal Chem 2013; 85:9116-25. [DOI: 10.1021/ac402331v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel García
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, E-28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Ramón Alonso-Fernández
- Laboratorio
de Metabolopatías, Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico (CHUS) and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Alberto Escarpa
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, E-28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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24
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Benavidez TE, Garcia CD. Spectroscopic and electrochemical characterization of nanostructured optically transparent carbon electrodes. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:1998-2006. [PMID: 23595607 PMCID: PMC3860877 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The present paper describes the results related to the optical and electrochemical characterization of thin carbon films fabricated by spin coating and pyrolysis of AZ P4330-RS photoresist. The goal of this paper is to provide comprehensive information allowing for the rational selection of the conditions to fabricate optically transparent carbon electrodes (OTCE) with specific electrooptical properties. According to our results, these electrodes could be appropriate choices as electrochemical transducers to monitor electrophoretic separations. At the core of this manuscript is the development and critical evaluation of a new optical model to calculate the thickness of the OTCE by variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry. Such data were complemented with topography and roughness (obtained by atomic force microscopy), electrochemical properties (obtained by cyclic voltammetry), electrical properties (obtained by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy), and structural composition (obtained by Raman spectroscopy). Although the described OTCE were used as substrates to investigate the effect of electrode potential on the real-time adsorption of proteins by ellipsometry, these results could enable the development of other biosensors that can be then integrated into various CE platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas E. Benavidez
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Carlos D. Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
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25
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Castañeda R, Vilela D, González MC, Mendoza S, Escarpa A. SU-8/Pyrex microchip electrophoresis with integrated electrochemical detection for class-selective electrochemical index determination of phenolic compounds in complex samples. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:2129-35. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Vilela
- Departamento de Química Analítica; Química-Física e Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares; Madrid; España
| | - María Cristina González
- Departamento de Química Analítica; Química-Física e Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares; Madrid; España
| | - Sandra Mendoza
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos; Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro; Querétaro; Qro.; México
| | - Alberto Escarpa
- Departamento de Química Analítica; Química-Física e Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares; Madrid; España
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26
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Monolithic integration of three-material microelectrodes for electrochemical detection on PMMA substrates. Electrochem commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2013.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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27
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Li X, Chen Z, Pan J, Yang F, Li Y, Yao M. Differential pulsed amperometry coupled to microchip capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1291:174-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Contactless impedance sensors and their application to flow measurements. SENSORS 2013; 13:2786-801. [PMID: 23447011 PMCID: PMC3658714 DOI: 10.3390/s130302786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The paper provides a critical discussion of the present state of the theory of high-frequency impedance sensors (now mostly called contactless impedance or conductivity sensors), the principal approaches employed in designing impedance flow-through cells and their operational parameters. In addition to characterization of traditional types of impedance sensors, the article is concerned with the use of less common sensors, such as cells with wire electrodes or planar cells. There is a detailed discussion of the effect of the individual operational parameters (width and shape of the electrodes, detection gap, frequency and amplitude of the input signal) on the response of the detector. The most important problems to be resolved in coupling these devices with flow-through measurements in the liquid phase are also discussed. Examples are given of cell designs for continuous flow and flow-injection analyses and of detection systems for miniaturized liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. New directions for the use of these sensors in molecular biology and chemical reactors and some directions for future development are outlined.
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29
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Saito RM, Coltro WKT, de Jesus DP. Instrumentation design for hydrodynamic sample injection in microchip electrophoresis: a review. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:2614-23. [PMID: 22965705 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reproducible and representative sample injection in microchip electrophoresis has been a bottleneck for quantitative analytical applications. Electrokinetic sample injection is the most used because it is easy to perform. However, this injection method is usually affected by sample composition and the bias effect. On the other hand, these drawbacks are overcome by the hydrodynamic (HD) sample injection, although this injection mode requires HD flow control. This review gives an overview of the basic principles, the instrumentation designs, and the performance of HD sample injection systems for microchip electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata M Saito
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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30
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Noh HB, Chandra P, Kim YJ, Shim YB. A Simple Separation Method with a Microfluidic Channel Based on Alternating Current Potential Modulation. Anal Chem 2012; 84:9738-44. [DOI: 10.1021/ac301351y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Bog Noh
- Department of Chemistry and Institute
of BioPhysio
Sensor Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Pranjal Chandra
- Department of Chemistry and Institute
of BioPhysio
Sensor Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - You-Jeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Institute
of BioPhysio
Sensor Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Bo Shim
- Department of Chemistry and Institute
of BioPhysio
Sensor Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
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31
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Contento NM, Branagan SP, Bohn PW. Electrolysis in nanochannels for in situ reagent generation in confined geometries. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:3634-3641. [PMID: 21912801 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20570f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In situ generation of reactive species within confined geometries, such as nanopores or nanochannels is of significant interest in overcoming mass transport limitations in chemical reactivity. Solvent electrolysis is a simple process that can readily be coupled to nanochannels for the electrochemical generation of reactive species, such as H(2). Here the production of hydrogen-rich liquid volumes within nanofluidic structures, without bubble nucleation or nanochannel occlusion, is explored both experimentally and by modeling. Devices comprised of multiple horizontal nanochannels intersecting planar working and quasi-reference electrodes were constructed and used to study the effects of confinement and reduced working volume on the electrochemical reduction of H(2)O to H(2) and OH(-). H(2) production in the nanochannel-embedded electrode reactor output was monitored by fluorescence emission of fluorescein, which exhibits a pH-dependent emission intensity. Initially, the fluorescein solution was buffered to pH 6.0 prior to stepping the potential cathodic of E(0)' for the generation of OH(-) and H(2). Because the electrochemical products are obtained in a 2:1 stoichiometry, local measurements of pH during and after the cathodic potential steps can be converted into H(2) production rates. Independent experimental estimates of the local H(2) concentration were then obtained from the spatiotemporal fluorescence behavior and current measurements, and these were compared with finite element simulations accounting for electrolysis and subsequent convection and diffusion within the confined geometry. Local dissolved H(2) concentrations were correlated to partial pressures through Henry's Law and values as large as 8.3 atm were obtained at the most negative potential steps. The downstream availability of electrolytically produced H(2) in nanochannels is evaluated in terms of its possible use as a downstream reducing reagent. The results obtained here indicate that H(2) can easily reach saturation concentrations at modest overpotentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Contento
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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32
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A class-selective and reliable electrochemical monosaccharide index in honeys, as determined using nickel and nickel-copper nanowires. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:945-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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33
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Aziz MA, Kim BK, Kim M, Yang SY, Lee HW, Han SW, Kim YI, Jon S, Yang H. Immunosensing Microchip Using Fast and Selective Preparation of an Iridium Oxide Nanoparticle-Based Pseudoreference Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Nejadnik MR, Deepak FL, Garcia CD. Adsorption of Glucose Oxidase to 3-D Scaffolds of Carbon Nanotubes: Analytical Applications. ELECTROANAL 2011; 23:1462-1469. [PMID: 22735356 PMCID: PMC3380380 DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study is the first to focus on the potential use of carbon nanotube (CNT) scaffolds as enzyme immobilization substrates for analytical purposes. Besides all the well-known advantages of CNT, three-dimensional scaffolds can significantly increase the amount of enzymes adsorbed per unit area, preserve the catalytic activity of the adsorbed molecules, and allow effective exposure to substrates present in the adjacent medium. Additionally, our results indicate that the sensitivity of analytical probes based on enzyme-loaded CNT scaffolds is proportional to the thickness of the scaffold providing 3-fold sensitivity improvements with respect to the control surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Reza Nejadnik
- Department of Chemistry University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249 USA
| | - Francis L. Deepak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249 USA
| | - Carlos D. Garcia
- Department of Chemistry University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249 USA
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35
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Opekar F, Štulík K. Some important combinations of detection techniques for electrophoresis in capillaries and on chips with emphasis on electrochemical principles. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:795-810. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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36
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Abstract
Exploration of electrochemical properties in ultrasmall volumes is still an emerging area. It is not only of great importance for the fundamental research, but also endowed with practical significance in the area of bioanalysis and medicine. Microelectrodes with superior electrochemical characteristics and versatile configurations are suitable tools for the investigation in confined geometries, and remarkable progress involving both preparation methods and theoretical interpretation has been made during the last few decades. Despite this success, electrochemical studies in nanoscopic volumes are still highly challenging due to the less predictable situations in very limited spatial and temporal domains, as well as difficulty in micromanipulation at the nanoscale. In this mini-review, we will summarize the main strategies for this topic, briefly look through the recent advances, and specifically introduce the design and application of a new kind of on-chip ultrasmall electrochemical cells based on micro- and nanogap electrodes, which are prepared by photolithographic method with volume ranging from femtolitre to attolitre. Finally, the limits of current systems and the future perspectives of this field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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37
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38
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Felhofer JL, Blanes L, Garcia CD. Recent developments in instrumentation for capillary electrophoresis and microchip-capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:2469-86. [PMID: 20665910 PMCID: PMC2928674 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the last years, there has been an explosion in the number of developments and applications of CE and microchip-CE. In part, this growth has been the direct consequence of recent developments in instrumentation associated with CE. This review, which is focused on the contributions published in the last 5 years, is intended to complement the articles presented in this special issue dedicated to instrumentation and to provide an overview of the general trends and some of the most remarkable developments published in the areas of high-voltage power supplies, detectors, auxiliary components, and compact systems. It also includes a few examples of alternative uses of and modifications to traditional CE instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Felhofer
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States of America
| | - Lucas Blanes
- Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Carlos D. Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States of America
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39
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Kim BK, Yang SY, Aziz MA, Jo K, Sung D, Jon S, Woo HY, Yang H. Electrochemical Immunosensing Chip Using Selective Surface Modification, Capillary-Driven Microfluidic Control, and Signal Amplification by Redox Cycling. ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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40
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Dossi N, Toniolo R, Susmel S, Pizzariello A, Bontempelli G. A simple approach to the hydrodynamic injection in microchip electrophoresis with electrochemical detection. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:2541-7. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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41
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Wang J, Tian B, Chatrathi MP, Escarpa A, Pumera M. Effects of heterogeneous electron-transfer rate on the resolution of electrophoretic separations based on microfluidics with end-column electrochemical detection. Electrophoresis 2010; 30:3334-8. [PMID: 19728304 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate here that the electrode kinetics of an electrochemical detector contributes greatly to the resolution of the analyte bands in microchip electrophoresis systems with amperometric detection. The separation performance in terms of resolution and theoretical plate number can be improved and tailored by selecting or modifying the working electrode and/or by controlling the detection potential. Such improvements in the separation performance reflect the influence of the heterogeneous electron-transfer rate of electroactive analytes upon the post-channel band broadening, as illustrated for catechol and hydrazine compounds. The electrode kinetics thus has a profound effect not only on the sensitivity of electrochemical detectors but on the separation efficiency and the overall performance of microchip electrochemistry systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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42
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Ryvolová M, Preisler J, Foret F, Hauser PC, Krásenský P, Paull B, Macka M. Combined Contactless Conductometric, Photometric, and Fluorimetric Single Point Detector for Capillary Separation Methods. Anal Chem 2009; 82:129-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ac902376v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Ryvolová
- Irish Separation Science Cluster and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland, Department of Chemistry and Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic, Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR, v.v.i., Veveří 97, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic, and Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan Preisler
- Irish Separation Science Cluster and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland, Department of Chemistry and Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic, Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR, v.v.i., Veveří 97, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic, and Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - František Foret
- Irish Separation Science Cluster and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland, Department of Chemistry and Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic, Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR, v.v.i., Veveří 97, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic, and Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter C. Hauser
- Irish Separation Science Cluster and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland, Department of Chemistry and Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic, Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR, v.v.i., Veveří 97, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic, and Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pavel Krásenský
- Irish Separation Science Cluster and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland, Department of Chemistry and Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic, Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR, v.v.i., Veveří 97, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic, and Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Brett Paull
- Irish Separation Science Cluster and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland, Department of Chemistry and Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic, Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR, v.v.i., Veveří 97, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic, and Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mirek Macka
- Irish Separation Science Cluster and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland, Department of Chemistry and Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic, Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR, v.v.i., Veveří 97, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic, and Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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43
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Trojanowicz M. Recent developments in electrochemical flow detections—A review. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 653:36-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Revised: 08/04/2009] [Accepted: 08/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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44
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Ávila M, Zougagh M, Escarpa A, Ríos Á. Fast single run of vanilla fingerprint markers on microfluidic-electrochemistry chip for confirmation of common frauds. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:3413-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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45
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Dossi N, Susmel S, Toniolo R, Pizzariello A, Bontempelli G. Application of microchip electrophoresis with electrochemical detection to environmental aldehyde monitoring. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:3465-71. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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46
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Pumera M, Escarpa A. Nanomaterials as electrochemical detectors in microfluidics and CE: Fundamentals, designs, and applications. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:3315-23. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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47
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Gonzalez C, Cropek D, Henry C. Photopatternable Carbon Electrodes for Chip-Based Electrochemical Detection. ELECTROANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200904643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Qiu JD, Wang L, Liang RP, Wang JW. Microchip CE analysis of amino acids on a titanium dioxide nanoparticles-coated PDMS microfluidic device with in-channel indirect amperometric detection. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:3472-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Arribas AS, Moreno M, Bermejo E, Ángeles Lorenzo M, Zapardiel A, Chicharro M. Design and adaptation of miniaturized electrochemical devices integrating carbon nanotube-based sensors to commercial CE equipment. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:3480-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Zhang J, Pourceau G, Meyer A, Vidal S, Praly JP, Souteyrand E, Vasseur JJ, Morvan F, Chevolot Y. Specific recognition of lectins by oligonucleotide glycoconjugates and sorting on a DNA microarray. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:6795-7. [PMID: 19885482 DOI: 10.1039/b915132j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Two glycoconjugates bearing different DNA tags are mixed in solution with lectins; both interact with their specific lectin and the resulting complexes are sorted, according to their DNA sequences, at the surface of micro-reactors bearing the immobilised complementary DNA sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- INL UMR5270 CNRS Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 avenue G. de Collongue, 69134 Ecully cedex, France
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