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Alqahtani A, Alqahtani T, Serag A. Eco-friendly graphene quantum dots as a novel spectrofluorimetric probe for lamivudine quantification with evaluation of its greenness and blueness profiles. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 317:124398. [PMID: 38710140 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
In this study, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were employed for quantitatively analyzing lamivudine using a fluorescence quenching technique. This approach allows for sensitive determination of the concentration of lamivudine in different matrices without requiring derivatization. The mechanism behind the fluorescence intensity quenching between GQDs and lamivudine molecules was explored using the Stern Volmer equation, revealing dynamic quenching behavior. Additionally, various factors affecting fluorescence quenching efficiency such as pH, GQDs concentration, and incubation time were carefully tuned. Moreover, our developed method successfully met ICH guidelines for validation parameters including linearity, accuracy, precision, and selectivity demonstrating excellent performance. The results showed good accuracy and precision, with a mean recovery value of 101.91% for method accuracy and a relative standard deviation of 0.682 and 1.489 for intraday and interday precision, respectively. Finally, the greenness and blueness of the developed method were also investigated to assess its environmental friendliness and analytical practicality. Greenness evaluation using the AGREE tool demonstrated that the developed method has a low environmental impact with an AGREE score of 0.75, Besides, the blueness evaluating using the BAGI tool indicated that the developed method is practical, reliable, and well-suited for routine analysis of lamivudine in various samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taha Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Serag
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11751, Egypt.
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Wei P, Li Z, E Y, Jiang Y, Chen P, Li L, Qian K. Highly dispersed Cu and Ni nano cluster sensor for ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of antiviral drug lamivudine. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:96. [PMID: 36807541 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05682-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
The accurate and rapid detection for the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor lamivudine (LAM, 3TC) in cellular systems is always a challenge in the clinic application. Here, a sensitive Cu and Ni nano cluster sensor for LAM is generated under hydrothermal conditions.The Cu and Ni atoms are highly dispersed and aggregated in the nanosized opening pore windows of the synthesized LTA zeolite, through the diatomic synergistic contribution of Cu and Ni and the enrichment of zeolitic channel pores. Using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), the detection limit (LOD) of LAM at the potential (- 0.15 V) can reach 0.001 pM and the linear range is 0.002 pM-0.002 μM. Since the nano cluster is separated and restricted by the nanosized windows of the zeolite framework, the sensor provides high stability, good recovery (92.5-109%) and RSD (0.8-3.2%) in the analysis of tap water, RPMI 1640 medium, and rabbit serum. The Cu/Ni/LTA zeolite-modified glassy carbon electrode (Cu/Ni/LTA/GCE) exhibits excellent catalytic performance for LAM with high selectivity over potentially interfering agents. A sensitive Cu and Ni nano cluster sensor for LAM is generated in the hydrothermal condition that the Cu and Ni atoms are highly dispersed and aggregated in the nanosized opening pore windows of the as-synthesized LTA zeolite. Through the diatomic synergistic contribution of Cu and Ni and the enrichment of zeolitic channel pores, the observed limit of detection (LOD) can reach 0.001 pM under differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) method with a wide linear relationship to 0.002 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyan Wei
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuozhe Li
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifeng E
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Jiang
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry in Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Qian
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, People's Republic of China.
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Ariyanta HA, Roji F, Apriandanu DOB. Electrochemical activity of glassy carbon electrode modified with ZnO nanoparticles prepared Via Senna Alata L. leaf extract towards antiretroviral drug. MICRO AND NANO SYSTEMS LETTERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s40486-022-00147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe phytosynthesis method was used to prepare ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) via Senna alata L. leaf extract (SALE) by involving alkaloids, which play an essential role as a source of weak bases during the formation reaction of NPs. ZnO NPs on glassy carbon electrodes (GCE/ZnO NP) have been introduced to investigate its electrochemical activity towards the antiretroviral drug, lamivudine (3TC). Several characterization techniques, such as Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) techniques were employed to analyze the properties of GCE/ZnO NPs. As a result, ZnO NPs in spherical shape showed a high purity crystalline hexagonal wurtzite structure with a particle diameter of 40–60 nm. A Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) measurement confirmed that the electrochemical reduction of 3TC on GCE/ZnO NPs exhibited an excellent linear range of 10–300 µM with a detection limit of 1.902 µM, quantitation limit of 6.330 µM, and sensitivity of 0.0278 µA/µM. Thus, this research suggests a facile method for the preparation of material-based ZnO NPs as a promising antiretroviral drug sensors due to their excellent electrochemical properties.
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Electroanalytical Methods for Determination of Antiviral Drugs in Pharmaceutical Formulation and Biological Fluids: A Review. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2022.100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ağın F, Doğan İS. Voltammetric Methods Used in the Determination of Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors. CURR PHARM ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412916999200519141257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has now been established as the
causative agent of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and exactly 25 antiretroviral
drugs have been formally approved for clinical use in the treatment of AIDS. The life quality and duration
of HIV-positive patients have increased with the usage of antiretroviral drugs in the treatment of
AIDS. Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) are one of the subgroups of antiretroviral.
Objective:
The quantification of drugs is important, as they make positive contributions to dose adjustments
in practice. Voltammetric methods are very powerful analytical methods used in the pharmaceutical
industry because of the determination of therapeutic agents and/or their metabolites in clinical
samples at extremely low concentrations (10-50 ng/ml).
Methods:
This review mainly includes the pharmacological properties and recent determination studies
by voltammetric methods from pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological samples of eight NRTIs
group antiretroviral drugs (zidovudine, abacavir, adefovir, entecavir, zalcitabine, didanosine, emtricitabine,
lamivudine) that are used in the clinic and show electroactive properties, were performed.
Conclusion:
Due to the variety of working electrodes in voltammetric methods, it is possible to choose
the electrode that best responds. In this way, the analysis of NRTIs was possible at lower concentrations
in pharmaceuticals and biological samples with voltammetric methods in these studies without
the necessity for the sample pre-treatment or time-consuming extraction steps. The voltammetric methods
provide good stability, repeatability, reproducibility and high recovery for the analysis of the analyte.
They could be used for the pharmacokinetic studies as well as for quality control laboratory studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Ağın
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon,Turkey
| | - İnci Selin Doğan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon,Turkey
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Determination of Zalcitabine in Medicaments by Differential Pulse Voltammetry. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS 2013; 2013:495814. [PMID: 26555981 PMCID: PMC4590814 DOI: 10.1155/2013/495814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The zalcitabine (ddC) has been extensively used in the treatment of HIV patients due to its antiretroviral activity. The quality control of this active principle in medications is of outstanding importance to public health. The principal objective of the current study was the development of an alternative analytical methodology for the zalcitabine determination using a voltammetric process. The zalcitabine gives a reduction peak (at −1.22 V versus Ag/AgCl) at the hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE). The differential pulse voltammetric response is evaluated with respect to the scan rate (20 mV/s), pulse amplitude (50 mV), support electrolyte (Clark-Lubs buffer), pH (2.0), and other variables. The response is linear over the 10.0 to 28.0 mg/L (47 to 133 μM) concentration range, and the detection limit is 2.08 mg/L. The validation of this method was realized using a governmental Brazilian document (Inmetro, 2007) and the results are reported for medication drugs.
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Uslu B, Ozkan SA. Electroanalytical Methods for the Determination of Pharmaceuticals: A Review of Recent Trends and Developments. ANAL LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2011.553010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Bozal B, Uslu B, Özkan SA. A Review of Electroanalytical Techniques for Determination of Anti-HIV Drugs. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.4061/2011/343947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Until now after the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was discovered as the then tentative aetiological agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), exactly 25 anti-HIV compounds have been formally approved for clinical use in the treatment of AIDS. These compounds fall into six categories: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs: zidovudine, didanosine, zalcitabine, lamivudine, abacavir, stavudine, and emtricitabine), nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NtRTIs: tenofovir), nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs: efavirenz, nevirapine, delavirdine, and etravirine), protease inhibitors (PIs: ritonavir, indinavir, saquinavir, nelfinavir, amprenavir, lopinavir, fosamprenavir, atazanavir, tipranavir and darunavir), fusion inhibitors (FIs: enfuvirtide), coreceptor inhibitors (CRIs: maraviroc), and integrase inhibitors (INIs: raltegravir). The present paper submitted the use of various electroanalytical techniques for the determination of anti-HIV drugs. This paper covers the time period from 1990 to 2010 including voltammetric techniques that were reported. Presented application concerns analysis of anti-HIV drugs from pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burçin Bozal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Tandogan, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bengi Uslu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Tandogan, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel A. Özkan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Tandogan, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
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Voltammetric techniques for the assay of pharmaceuticals—A review. Anal Biochem 2011; 408:179-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Skrzypek S. Electrochemical Studies of the Neuraminidase Inhibitor Zanamivir and its Voltammetric Determination in Spiked Urine. ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Sekar R, Azhaguvel S. MEKC Determination of Antiretroviral Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Lamivudine, Stavudine, and Nevirapine in Pharmaceutical Formulations. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0541-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Cathodic adsorptive stripping voltammetric studies on lamivudine: An antiretroviral drug. J Colloid Interface Sci 2007; 313:254-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2007] [Revised: 03/30/2007] [Accepted: 04/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Gilpin
- Brehm Research Laboratory, University Park, Wright State University, Fairborn, Ohio 45324-2031, USA
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