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Morawska K, Wardak C. Application of ionic liquids in ion-selective electrodes and reference electrodes: A review. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300818. [PMID: 38252078 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are organic chemical compounds that are composed only of ions, a large organic cation and a smaller inorganic or organic anion. These are salts whose melting point is lower than the boiling point of water. ILs have many interesting properties, thanks to which they find great practical applications in analytics, electrochemistry, separation techniques, catalysis and others. One of the many areas of application of ionic liquids is sensors especially electrochemical sensors including ion-selective electrodes. In this case, the properties of ILs that are particularly useful include very good electrical conductivity, high electrochemical stability, good extraction properties, hydrophobic character and compatibility with other materials, e. g. polyvinyl chloride plasticizers or carbon nanomaterials. ILs were used as components of ion-selective membranes, both polymeric ones based on PVC and membranes in carbon paste electrodes. ILs performed various functions in these membranes, including lipophilic ionic additive, ionophore/ion exchanger, plasticizer, transducer media and matrix. They were also used as a component of the intermediate layer in solid contact ISEs. The last chapter presents examples of the use of ILs in reference electrodes. This review discusses the use of ionic liquids in ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) and reference electrodes over the last ten years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Morawska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Maria Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Cecylia Wardak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Maria Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
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2
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Liu Y, Fan J, Zhang N, Xu H, Su W, Qin Y, Jiang D. Trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride based ratiometric fluorescent nanosensors for multiplex anion discrimination. Analyst 2022; 147:3209-3218. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an00735e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A multiplex anion-responsive platform was developed with [THTP][Cl] and ETH5350, providing colorimetric and spectroscopic transformations. By choosing suitable ionophores, a pool of nanosensors for extended anions could be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China
- Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China
- Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Ni Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China
| | - Huiying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China
| | - Wei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China
| | - Yu Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P.R. China
| | - Dechen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P.R. China
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3
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SHIRAI O, SOWA K, KITAZUMI Y. Development of Electrochemical Sensors for Nutrient Components. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2021. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.70.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Osamu SHIRAI
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Aguriculture, Kyoto University
| | - Keisei SOWA
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Aguriculture, Kyoto University
| | - Yuki KITAZUMI
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Aguriculture, Kyoto University
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4
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Rousseau CR, Bühlmann P. Calibration-free potentiometric sensing with solid-contact ion-selective electrodes. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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5
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Nakao E, Kitazumi Y, Kano K, Shirai O. Pollution Control of Nitrate-selective Membrane by the Inner Solution and On-site Monitoring of Nitrate Concentration in Soil. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:887-891. [PMID: 33132233 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20p323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A liquid-membrane type nitrate-selective electrode was improved to lower the influence of contaminants by modifying its inner electrode system from Ag | AgCl | Cl- to Ag | Ag+. The NO3--selective electrode displayed a linear response to the concentration of NO3- with a Nernstian slope of -53 ± 1 mV decade-1, in the concentration region between 10-5 and 2 mol dm-3 (M). The NO3- detection limit was about 10-5 M. The electrochemical response of this electrode was stable for more than 30 days. The deterioration in responding characteristics due to the coexistence of Cl- was suppressed by use of the Ag | Ag+ redox couple in the absence of Cl- inside the NO3--selective electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisaku Nakao
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
| | - Yuki Kitazumi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
| | - Kenji Kano
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
| | - Osamu Shirai
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
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Jiang C, He Y, Liu Y. Recent advances in sensors for electrochemical analysis of nitrate in food and environmental matrices. Analyst 2020; 145:5400-5413. [PMID: 32572401 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00823k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate is one of the most common contaminants in food and the environment and mainly arises from intense human activities. Electrochemical sensors have been considered as one of the most promising analytical tools for the rapid detection of nitrate in food and environmental matrices due to their quick response, high sensitivity, ease of operation and miniaturisation, and low sample and power consumption. In this review, we summarise advances in sensors for electrochemical analysis of nitrate over the past decade. We also discuss the application of electrochemical sensing systems for the determination of nitrate in the matrices of fresh water, seawater, food, soil and particulate matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunbo Jiang
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia.
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Abstract
Potentiometric probes used in direct potentiometry are attractive sensing tools. They give information on ion activities, which is often uniquely useful. If, instead, concentrations are desired as sensor output, the ionic strength of the sample must be precisely known, which is often not possible. Here, for the first time, direct potentiometry can be made to report concentrations, rather than activities. It is demonstrated for the detection of monovalent anionic species by using a self-referencing Ag/AgI pulstrode as the reference element instead of a traditional reference electrode. This reference pulstrode releases a discrete quantity of iodide ions from the electrode and the resulting reference potential varies with the activity coefficient of iodide. The effects of activity coefficient on the indicator and reference electrode are therefore compensated and the observed cell potential may now be described in a Nernstian manner against anion concentration, rather than activity. Theoretical simulations and experimental results support the validity of this approach. For most monovalent anions of practical relevance, the potential difference between this approach and from a traditional activity coefficient calculation is less than 0.5 mV. The concept is validated with an all-solid-state nitrate sensor as well as a commercial fluoride-selective electrode, giving Nernstian responses in different ionic strength backgrounds against concentration without the need for correcting activity coefficients or liquid junction potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Gao
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaojiang Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Eric Bakker
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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Shao Y, Ying Y, Ping J. Recent advances in solid-contact ion-selective electrodes: functional materials, transduction mechanisms, and development trends. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4405-4465. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00587k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This article presents a comprehensive overview of recent progress in the design and applications of solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISEs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Shao
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Yibin Ying
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Jianfeng Ping
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
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Bommireddy N, Palathedath SK. Templated bimetallic copper-silver nanostructures on pencil graphite for amperometric detection of nitrate for aquatic monitoring. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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10
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Ali MA, Wang X, Chen Y, Jiao Y, Mahal NK, Moru S, Castellano MJ, Schnable JC, Schnable PS, Dong L. Continuous Monitoring of Soil Nitrate Using a Miniature Sensor with Poly(3-octyl-thiophene) and Molybdenum Disulfide Nanocomposite. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:29195-29206. [PMID: 31318522 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is an unmet need for improved fertilizer management in agriculture. Continuous monitoring of soil nitrate would address this need. This paper reports an all-solid-state miniature potentiometric soil sensor that works in direct contact with soils to monitor nitrate-nitrogen (NO3--N) in soil solution with parts-per-million (ppm) resolution. A working electrode is formed from a novel nanocomposite of poly(3-octyl-thiophene) and molybdenum disulfide (POT-MoS2) coated on a patterned Au electrode and covered with a nitrate-selective membrane using a robotic dispenser. The POT-MoS2 layer acts as an ion-to-electron transducing layer with high hydrophobicity and redox properties. The modification of the POT chain with MoS2 increases both conductivity and anion exchange, while minimizing the formation of a thin water layer at the interface between the Au electrode and the ion-selective membrane, which is notorious for solid-state potentiometric ion sensors. Therefore, the use of POT-MoS2 results in an improved sensitivity and selectivity of the working electrode. The reference electrode comprises a screen-printed silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrode covered by a protonated Nafion layer to prevent chloride (Cl-) leaching in long-term measurements. This sensor was calibrated using both standard and extracted soil solutions, exhibiting a dynamic range that includes all concentrations relevant for agricultural applications (1-1500 ppm NO3--N). With the POT-MoS2 nanocomposite, the sensor offers a sensitivity of 64 mV/decade for nitrate detection, compared to 48 mV/decade for POT and 38 mV/decade for MoS2. The sensor was embedded into soil slurries where it accurately monitored nitrate for a duration of 27 days.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - James C Schnable
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln 68588 , Nebraska , United States
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Luo RB, Li HB, Du B, Zhou SS, Chen YH. A Printed and Flexible NO 2 Sensor Based on a Solid Polymer Electrolyte. Front Chem 2019; 7:286. [PMID: 31080794 PMCID: PMC6497759 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) is an important part of printed electrochemical gas sensors and are of value to electrochemical sensors. Here, a new type of SPE was prepared by dissolving a poly-vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix in a 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) to immobilize 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([EMIM] [BF4]), which was then used in a new electrochemical amperometric nitrogen dioxide sensor. The SPE was coated on a single electrode and attached to the electrode to construct a simple two-layer structure. Nitrogen dioxide in the air was reduced on the working electrode at a bias voltage of −500 V. We controlled the components and process parameters separately for control experiments. The results show that the SPE based on [EMIM] [BF4], NMP, and PVDF coated on the electrode at a thickness of 1.25 mm with a 1:1:4 weight ratio under heat treatment conditions of 80°C for 2 min has the best sensitivity. The FTIR and XPS results indicated that SPE is prepared via physical miscibility. The SEM and XRD results showed that the sensitivity of the sensor is strongly dependent on the interconnected pore structure in SPE, and the pore structure is related to the synthesis ratio, morphology, and heat treatment mode of SPE. Moreover, the sensor sensitivity has a certain relationship with SPE conductivity. The reaction principle and cycle performance of the sensor were also studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Bai Luo
- School of Print Packaging and Digital Media, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Intelligent Printing and Packaging, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Hai-Bin Li
- School of Print Packaging and Digital Media, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Bin Du
- School of Print Packaging and Digital Media, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Intelligent Printing and Packaging, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Shi-Sheng Zhou
- School of Print Packaging and Digital Media, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Intelligent Printing and Packaging, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Heng Chen
- School of Print Packaging and Digital Media, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
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Schwarz J, Trommer K, Mertig M. Solid-Contact Ion-Selective Electrodes Based on Graphite Paste for Potentiometric Nitrate and Ammonium Determinations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2018.912043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Komaba S, Akatsuka T, Ohura K, Suzuki C, Yabuuchi N, Kanazawa S, Tsuchiya K, Hasegawa T. All-solid-state ion-selective electrodes with redox-active lithium, sodium, and potassium insertion materials as the inner solid-contact layer. Analyst 2017; 142:3857-3866. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an01068k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ion sensor performance is highly improved by the installation of insertion materials applied in rechargeable Li, Na, and K batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Komaba
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Tokyo University of Science
- Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601
- Japan
| | - Tatsuya Akatsuka
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Tokyo University of Science
- Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601
- Japan
| | - Kohei Ohura
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Tokyo University of Science
- Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601
- Japan
| | - Chihiro Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Tokyo University of Science
- Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601
- Japan
| | - Naoaki Yabuuchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Tokyo University of Science
- Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601
- Japan
| | - Shintaro Kanazawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Tokyo University of Science
- Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601
- Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Tsuchiya
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Tokyo University of Science
- Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601
- Japan
| | - Taku Hasegawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Tokyo University of Science
- Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601
- Japan
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14
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Wardak C, Grabarczyk M. Analytical application of solid contact ion-selective electrodes for determination of copper and nitrate in various food products and drinking water. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2016; 51:519-524. [PMID: 27152951 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2016.1170545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A simple, fast and cheap method for monitoring copper and nitrate in drinking water and food products using newly developed solid contact ion-selective electrodes is proposed. Determination of copper and nitrate was performed by application of multiple standard additions technique. The reliability of the obtained results was assessed by comparing them using the anodic stripping voltammetry or spectrophotometry for the same samples. In each case, satisfactory agreement of the results was obtained, which confirms the analytical usefulness of the constructed electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecylia Wardak
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis , Chemical Faculty, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University , Lublin , Poland
| | - Malgorzata Grabarczyk
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis , Chemical Faculty, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University , Lublin , Poland
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Influence of Ionic Liquids on the Selectivity of Ion Exchange-Based Polymer Membrane Sensing Layers. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16071106. [PMID: 27438837 PMCID: PMC4969841 DOI: 10.3390/s16071106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The applicability of ion exchange membranes is mainly defined by their permselectivity towards specific ions. For instance, the needed selectivity can be sought by modifying some of the components required for the preparation of such membranes. In this study, a new class of materials –trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium based ionic liquids (ILs) were used to modify the properties of ion exchange membranes. We determined selectivity coefficients for iodide as model ion utilizing six phosphonium-based ILs and compared the selectivity with two classical plasticizers. The dielectric properties of membranes plasticized with ionic liquids and their response characteristics towards ten different anions were investigated using potentiometric and impedance measurements. In this large set of data, deviations of obtained selectivity coefficients from the well-established Hofmeister series were observed on many occasions thus indicating a multitude of applications for these ion-exchanging systems.
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Mendecki L, Chen X, Callan N, Thompson DF, Schazmann B, Granados-Focil S, Radu A. Simple, Robust, and Plasticizer-Free Iodide-Selective Sensor Based on Copolymerized Triazole-Based Ionic Liquid. Anal Chem 2016; 88:4311-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Mendecki
- Lennard-Jones
Laboratories, Birchall Centre, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaorui Chen
- Sackler
Sciences Center, Department of Chemistry, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610, United States
| | - Nicole Callan
- School of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Kevin Street, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - David F. Thompson
- Lennard-Jones
Laboratories, Birchall Centre, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Schazmann
- School of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Kevin Street, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Sergio Granados-Focil
- Sackler
Sciences Center, Department of Chemistry, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610, United States
| | - Aleksandar Radu
- Lennard-Jones
Laboratories, Birchall Centre, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Bakker
- Department of Inorganic and
Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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18
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Mikhelson KN, Peshkova MA. Advances and trends in ionophore-based chemical sensors. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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