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Alam MM, Howlader MMR. High performance nonenzymatic electrochemical sensors via thermally grown Cu native oxides (CuNOx) towards sweat glucose monitoring. Analyst 2024; 149:712-728. [PMID: 37755066 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01153d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes, which is the seventh leading cause of death globally, necessitates real-time blood glucose monitoring, a process that is often invasive. A promising alternative is sweat glucose monitoring, which typically uses transition metals and their oxide nanomaterials as sensors. Despite their excellent surface-to-volume ratio, these materials have some drawbacks, including poor conductivity, structural collapse, and aggregation. As a result, selecting highly electroconductive materials and optimizing their nanostructures is critical. In this work, we developed a high-performance, low-cost, nonenzymatic sensor for sweat glucose detection, using the thermally grown native oxide of copper (CuNOx). By heating Cu foil at 160, 250, and 280 °C, we grew a native oxide layer of approximately 140 nm cupric oxide (CuO), which is excellent for glucose electrocatalysis. Using cyclic voltammetry, we found that our CuNOx sensors prepared at 280 °C exhibited a sensitivity of 1795 μA mM-1 cm-2, a linear range up to the desired limit of 1.00 mM for sweat glucose with excellent linearity (R2 = 0.9844), and a lower limit of detection of 135.39 μM. For glucose sensing, the redox couple Cu(II)/Cu(III) oxidizes glucose to gluconolactone and subsequently to gluconic acid, producing an oxidation current in an alkaline environment. Our sensors showed excellent repeatability and stability (remaining stable for over a year) with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.48% and 4.17%, respectively, for 1 mM glucose. The selectivity, when tested with common interferants found in human sweat and blood, showed an RSD of 4.32%. We hope that the electrocatalytic efficacy of the thermally grown CuNOx sensors for glucose sensing can introduce new avenues in the fabrication of sweat glucose sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksud M Alam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Matiar M R Howlader
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
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2
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Fahmy HM, Abu Serea ES, Salah-Eldin RE, Al-Hafiry SA, Ali MK, Shalan AE, Lanceros-Méndez S. Recent Progress in Graphene- and Related Carbon-Nanomaterial-based Electrochemical Biosensors for Early Disease Detection. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:964-1000. [PMID: 35229605 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Graphene- and carbon-based nanomaterials are key materials to develop advanced biosensors for the sensitive detection of many biomarkers owing to their unique properties. Biosensors have attracted increasing interest because they allow efficacious, sensitive, selective, rapid, and low-cost diagnosis. Biosensors are analytical devices based on receptors for the process of detection and transducers for response measuring. Biosensors can be based on electrochemical, piezoelectric, thermal, and optical transduction mechanisms. Early virus identification provides critical information about potentially effective and selective therapies, extends the therapeutic window, and thereby reduces morbidity. The sensitivity and selectivity of graphene can be amended via functionalizing it or conjoining it with further materials. Amendment of the optical and electrical features of the hybrid structure by introducing appropriate functional groups or counterparts is especially appealing for quick and easy-to-use virus detection. Various techniques for the electrochemical detection of viruses depending on antigen-antibody interactions or DNA hybridization are discussed in this work, and the reasons behind using graphene and related carbon nanomaterials for the fabrication are presented and discussed. We review the existing state-of-the-art directions of graphene-based classifications for detecting DNA, protein, and hormone biomarkers and summarize the use of the different biosensors to detect several diseases, like cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and diabetes, to sense numerous viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, human immunodeficiency virus, rotavirus, Zika virus, and hepatitis B virus, and to detect the recent pandemic virus COVID-19. The general concepts, mechanisms of action, benefits, and disadvantages of advanced virus biosensors are discussed to afford beneficial evidence of the creation and manufacture of innovative virus biosensors. We emphasize that graphene-based nanomaterials are ideal candidates for electrochemical biosensor engineering due to their special and tunable physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Mohamed Fahmy
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt
| | - Esraa Samy Abu Serea
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt.,BCMaterials-Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, Martina Casiano, UPV/EHU Science Park, Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - Reem Essam Salah-Eldin
- Chemistry and Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Miar Khaled Ali
- Biotechnology/Biomolecular Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Esmail Shalan
- BCMaterials-Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, Martina Casiano, UPV/EHU Science Park, Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa 48940, Spain.,Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute, P.O. Box 87, Helwan, 11422 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez
- BCMaterials-Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, Martina Casiano, UPV/EHU Science Park, Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa 48940, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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3
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Huang BR, Kathiravan D, Wu CW, Yang WL. Superficial Edge Effect of N 2-Doped Nanodiamond on the Highly Stable Nonenzymatic Glucose Detection Properties of Dispersed Graphene Flakes/Ni Nanostructures. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:5966-5973. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bohr-Ran Huang
- Graduate Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering and Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Deepa Kathiravan
- Graduate Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering and Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Che-Wei Wu
- Graduate Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering and Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Luh Yang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
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Nacef M, Chelaghmia ML, Affoune AM, Pontié M. Electrochemical Investigation of Glucose on a Highly Sensitive Nickel-Copper Modified Pencil Graphite Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Nacef
- Laboratoire d'Analyses Industrielles et Génie des Matériaux; Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma BP 401; Guelma 24000 Algérie
| | - Mohamed Lyamine Chelaghmia
- Laboratoire d'Analyses Industrielles et Génie des Matériaux; Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma BP 401; Guelma 24000 Algérie
| | - Abed Mohamed Affoune
- Laboratoire d'Analyses Industrielles et Génie des Matériaux; Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma BP 401; Guelma 24000 Algérie
| | - Maxime Pontié
- Université de Bretagne Loire, Univ. d'Angers; Laboratoire GEIHP EA 3142; Institut de Biologie en Santé, PBH-IRIS; CHU, Université d'Angers; 4 Rue Larrey, 49933 Angers Cedex 9 Angers France
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Wang Y, Cao W, Yin C, Zhuang Q, Ni Y. Nonenzymatic Amperometric Sensor for Nitrite Detection Based on a Nanocomposite Consisting of Nickel Hydroxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- College of ChemistryNanchang University Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi China
| | - Wei Cao
- College of ChemistryNanchang University Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi China
| | - Chang Yin
- College of ChemistryNanchang University Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi China
| | - Qianfen Zhuang
- College of ChemistryNanchang University Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi China
| | - Yongnian Ni
- College of ChemistryNanchang University Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi China
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6
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Zhang C, Zhang Z, Yang Q, Chen W. Graphene-based Electrochemical Glucose Sensors: Fabrication and Sensing Properties. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun, Jilin 130022 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100039 China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun, Jilin 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230029, Anhui China
| | - Qin Yang
- School of Science; Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology; Xi'an 710055 China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun, Jilin 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230029, Anhui China
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7
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van Enter BJ, von Hauff E. Challenges and perspectives in continuous glucose monitoring. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:5032-5045. [PMID: 29687110 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01678j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a global epidemic that threatens the health and well-being of hundreds of millions of people. The first step in patient treatment is to monitor glucose levels. Currently this is most commonly done using enzymatic strips. This approach suffers from several limitations, namely it requires a blood sample and is therefore invasive, the quality and the stability of the enzymatic strips vary widely, and the patient is burdened by performing the measurement themselves. This results in dangerous fluctuations in glucose levels often going undetected. There is currently intense research towards new approaches in glucose detection that would enable non-invasive continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). In this review, we explore the state-of-the-art in glucose detection technologies. In particular, we focus on the physical mechanisms behind different approaches, and how these influence and determine the accuracy and reliability of glucose detection. We begin by reviewing the basic physical and chemical properties of the glucose molecule. Although these play a central role in detection, especially the anomeric ratio, they are surprisingly often overlooked in the literature. We then review state-of-the art and emerging detection methods. Finally, we survey the current market for glucometers. Recent results show that past challenges in glucose detection are now being overcome, thereby enabling the development of smart wearable devices for non-invasive continuous glucose monitoring. These new directions in glucose detection have enormous potential to improve the quality of life of millions of diabetics, as well as offer insight into the development, treatment and even prevention of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Jasha van Enter
- Physics of Energy Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Wang X, Gao D, Li M, Li H, Li C, Wu X, Yang B. CVD graphene as an electrochemical sensing platform for simultaneous detection of biomolecules. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7044. [PMID: 28765640 PMCID: PMC5539141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07646-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of electrochemical biosensors for the simultaneous detection of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), uric acid (UA), tryptophan (Trp), and nitrite ([Formula: see text]) in human serum is reported in this work. Free-standing graphene nanosheets were fabricated on Ta wire using the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. CVD graphene, which here served as a sensing platform, provided a highly sensitive and selective option, with detection limits of AA, DA, UA, Trp, and [Formula: see text] of 1.58, 0.06, 0.09, 0.10, and 6.45 μM (S/N = 3), respectively. The high selectivity of the electrode is here explained by a relationship between the bandgap energy of analyte and the Fermi level of graphene. The high sensitivity in the oxidation current was determined by analyzing the influence of the high surface area and chemical structure of free-standing graphene nanosheets on analyte adsorption capacity. This finding strongly indicates that the CVD graphene electrode can be used as a biosensor to detect five analytes in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic and Communicate Devices, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, P.R. China
| | - Delan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic and Communicate Devices, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, P.R. China
| | - Mingji Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic and Communicate Devices, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, P.R. China.
| | - Hongji Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, P.R. China.
| | - Cuiping Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic and Communicate Devices, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoguo Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic and Communicate Devices, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, P.R. China
| | - Baohe Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic and Communicate Devices, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, P.R. China
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Enhanced Non-enzymatic amperometric sensing of glucose using Co(OH)2 nanorods deposited on a three dimensional graphene network as an electrode material. Mikrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-016-1890-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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10
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Shackery I, Patil U, Pezeshki A, Shinde NM, Kang S, Im S, Jun SC. Copper Hydroxide Nanorods Decorated Porous Graphene Foam Electrodes for Non-enzymatic Glucose Sensing. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Shehzad K, Xu Y, Gao C, Duan X. Three-dimensional macro-structures of two-dimensional nanomaterials. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:5541-5588. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00218h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent progress and efforts in the synthesis, structure, properties, and applications of three-dimensional macro-structures of two-dimensional nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurram Shehzad
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Yang Xu
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California Nanosystems Institute
| | - Chao Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Xiangfeng Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California Nanosystems Institute
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- USA
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12
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Niu X, Li X, Pan J, He Y, Qiu F, Yan Y. Recent advances in non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors based on non-precious transition metal materials: opportunities and challenges. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12506a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We summarize the latest advances of non-enzymatic glucose detection using non-noble transition metal materials, highlighting their opportunities and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangheng Niu
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Xin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- P. R. China
| | - Jianming Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- P. R. China
| | - Yanfang He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- P. R. China
| | - Fengxian Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- P. R. China
| | - Yongsheng Yan
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- P. R. China
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