Online Electrochemical Monitoring of Glucose in Rat Brain with Acanthosphere-like CuOOH Nanospheres-based Electrochemical Sensor as Non-enzymatic and O2 -independent Detector

Bioinspired Cu-based metal-organic framework mimicking SOD for superoxide anion sensing and scavenging

Superoxide anion (O₂^•-) is typically produced in living cells and organisms, while excess O₂^•- may cause unexpected damage, so monitoring and scavenging the O₂^•- is of considerable significance to exploring physiological and pathological process. In this study, a Cu-based metal-organic framework (Cu-MOF) which comprise sequential Cu metal ion and conductive organic 2,5-dicarboxylic acid-3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene is synthesized to mimic superoxide dismutase (SOD), in which Cu is the essence of active site. On one hand, the Cu-MOF possesses excellent electrocatalytic activity to detect O₂^•- at -0.05 V, biased at which potential the electrode showed good linearity toward O₂^•- with detection limit of 0.283 μM and interference immunity for AA, DA, UA, 5-HT and H₂O₂. The Cu-MOF modified microelectrode was applied for measuring the O₂^•- released from living cells real time and monitoring O₂^•- generation in rat brain. On the other hand, this Cu-MOF has the catalytic activity to mimic the superoxide dismutase for scavenging O₂^•- in HeLa cells effectively. This work provides a methodology to design metal ion based enzyme mimetic for analyzing and scavenging O₂^•- in cells and in vivo.

Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensors Involving Copper: An Electrochemical Perspective

Non-enzymatic glucose sensors based on the use of copper and its oxides have emerged as promising candidates to replace enzymatic glucose sensors owing to their stability, ease of fabrication, and superior sensitivity. This review explains the theories of the mechanism of glucose oxidation on copper transition metal electrodes. It also presents an overview on the development of among the best non-enzymatic copper-based glucose sensors in the past 10 years. A brief description of methods, interesting findings, and important performance parameters are provided to inspire the reader and researcher to create new improvements in sensor design. Finally, several important considerations that pertain to the nano-structuring of the electrode surface is provided.

Brain neurochemical monitoring

Brain neurochemical monitoring aims to provide continuous and accurate measurements of brain biomarkers. It has enabled significant advances in neuroscience for application in clinical diagnostics, treatment, and prevention of brain diseases. Microfabricated electrochemical and optical spectroscopy sensing technologies have been developed for precise monitoring of brain neurochemicals. Here, a comprehensive review on the progress of sensing technologies developed for brain neurochemical monitoring is presented. The review provides a summary of the widely measured clinically relevant neurochemicals and commonly adopted recognition technologies. Recent advances in sampling, electrochemistry, and optical spectroscopy for brain neurochemical monitoring are highlighted and their application are discussed. Existing gaps in current technologies and future directions to design industry standard brain neurochemical sensing devices for clinical applications are addressed.