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Shiba S, Koike A, Takahashi S, Kato D, Kamata T, Niwa O. Vertically Oriented Metallic Heterodimer Array Semiembedded in Flat Conductive Carbon Film for Electrochemical Application. ACS NANO 2022; 16:10589-10599. [PMID: 35758937 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
General synthesis of a highly oriented metallic heterodimer array based on a selective electrodeposition technique onto a metal nanoparticle-embedded carbon film is proposed, which enables the preparation of heterodimers with a wide variety of metal combinations. This method requires no surfactant, capping agent, organic solvent, or heat treatment. As a representative metal combination, a nickel (Ni)/palladium (Pd) heterodimer array was prepared by selective electrodeposition of Ni nanoparticles (Ni NPs) on top of partially exposed Pd NPs embedded in carbon film electrodes fabricated by a cosputtering technique. Such a selective electrodeposition becomes possible by utilizing the difference in electrodeposition overpotentials between carbon and Pd NP surfaces. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed a charge transfer from Ni NPs to Pd NPs, implying that the catalytic and optical properties can be expected to be controllable. The formed heterodimer array structure was mechanically stable against ultrasonication in ethanol for over 1 h because most parts of the Pd NPs were tightly embedded in the carbon film. After conversion from Ni to nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)2), the electrode showed high electrocatalytic activity toward glucose oxidation, with a higher turnover rate and lower overpotential compared to Ni(OH)2 electrodeposited on pure carbon film electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Shiba
- Department of Materials Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Ayaka Koike
- Department of Life Science and Green Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Saitama Institute of Technology, 1690 Fusaiji, Fukaya, Saitama 369-0293, Japan
| | - Shota Takahashi
- Department of Life Science and Green Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Saitama Institute of Technology, 1690 Fusaiji, Fukaya, Saitama 369-0293, Japan
| | - Dai Kato
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kamata
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Osamu Niwa
- Advanced Science Research Laboratory, Saitama Institute of Technology, 1690 Fusaiji, Fukaya, Saitama 369-0293, Japan
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Metelka R, Vlasáková P, Smarzewska S, Guziejewski D, Vlček M, Sýs M. Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes with Macroporous Copper Film for Enhanced Amperometric Sensing of Saccharides. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22093466. [PMID: 35591157 PMCID: PMC9104721 DOI: 10.3390/s22093466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A porous layer of copper was formed on the surface of screen-printed carbon electrodes via the colloidal crystal templating technique. An aqueous suspension of monodisperse polystyrene spheres of 500 nm particle diameter was drop-casted on the carbon tracks printed on the substrate made of alumina ceramic. After evaporation, the electrode was carefully dipped in copper plating solution for a certain time to achieve a sufficient penetration of solution within the polystyrene spheres. The metal was then electrodeposited galvanostatically over the self-assembled colloidal crystal. Finally, the polystyrene template was dissolved in toluene to expose the porous structure of copper deposit. The morphology of porous structures was investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Electroanalytical properties of porous copper film electrodes were evaluated in amperometric detection of selected saccharides, namely glucose, fructose, sucrose, and galactose. Using hydrodynamic amperometry in stirred alkaline solution, a current response at +0.6 V vs. Ag/AgCl was recorded after addition of the selected saccharide. These saccharides could be quantified in two linear ranges (0.2–1.0 μmol L−1 and 4.0–100 μmol L−1) with detection limits of 0.1 μmol L−1 glucose, 0.03 μmol L−1 fructose, and 0.05 μmol L−1 sucrose or galactose. In addition, analytical performance of porous copper electrodes was ascertained and compared to that of copper film screen-printed carbon electrodes, prepared ex-situ by the galvanostatic deposition of metal in the plating solution. After calculating the current densities with respect to the geometric area of working electrodes, the porous electrodes exhibited much higher sensitivity to changes in concentration of analytes, presumably due to the larger surface of the porous copper deposit. In the future, they could be incorporated in detectors of flow injection systems due to their long-term mechanical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radovan Metelka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (R.M.); (P.V.)
| | - Pavlína Vlasáková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (R.M.); (P.V.)
| | - Sylwia Smarzewska
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 12 Tamka Str., 91-403 Lodz, Poland; (S.S.); (D.G.)
| | - Dariusz Guziejewski
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 12 Tamka Str., 91-403 Lodz, Poland; (S.S.); (D.G.)
| | - Milan Vlček
- Joint Laboratory of Solid State Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 84, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic;
| | - Milan Sýs
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (R.M.); (P.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-466-037-034
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Niwa O, Ohta S, Takahashi S, Zhang Z, Kamata T, Kato D, Shiba S. Hybrid Carbon Film Electrodes for Electroanalysis. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:37-47. [PMID: 33071269 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20sar15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Carbon materials have been widely used for electrochemical analysis and include carbon nanotubes, graphene, and boron-doped diamond electrodes in addition to conventional carbon electrodes, such as those made of glassy carbon and graphite. Of the carbon-based electrodes, carbon film has advantages because it can be fabricated reproducibly and micro- or nanofabricated into electrodes with a wide range of shapes and sizes. Here, we report two categories of hybrid-type carbon film electrodes for mainly electroanalytical applications. The first category consists of carbon films doped or surface terminated with other atoms such as nitrogen, oxygen and fluorine, which can control surface hydrophilicity and lipophilicity or electrocatalytic performance, and are used to detect various electroactive biochemicals. The second category comprises metal nanoparticles embedded in carbon film electrodes fabricated by co-sputtering, which exhibits high electrocatalytic activity for environmental and biological samples including toxic heavy metal ions and clinical sugar markers, which are difficult to detect at pure carbon-based electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Niwa
- Advanced Science Research Laboratory, Saitama Institute of Technology, 1690 Fusaiji Fukaya Saitama, 369-0293, Japan.
| | - Saki Ohta
- Advanced Science Research Laboratory, Saitama Institute of Technology, 1690 Fusaiji Fukaya Saitama, 369-0293, Japan
| | - Shota Takahashi
- Advanced Science Research Laboratory, Saitama Institute of Technology, 1690 Fusaiji Fukaya Saitama, 369-0293, Japan
| | - Zixin Zhang
- Advanced Science Research Laboratory, Saitama Institute of Technology, 1690 Fusaiji Fukaya Saitama, 369-0293, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kamata
- Health and Medical Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Dai Kato
- Health and Medical Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Shiba
- Department of Materials Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Ehime University, 3-Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan
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Kamata T, Sumimoto M, Shiba S, Kurita R, Niwa O, Kato D. Increased electrode activity during geosmin oxidation provided by Pt nanoparticle-embedded nanocarbon film. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:8845-8854. [PMID: 31012904 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00793h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The musty odor compound geosmin was electrochemically detected by using Pt nanoparticle (PtNP)-embedded nanocarbon (Pt-C) films formed with unbalanced magnetron (UBM) co-sputtering. The sputtered Pt components formed NPs (typically 1.53-4.75 nm in diameter) spontaneously in the carbon films, owing to the poor intermiscibility of Pt with carbon. The surface concentrations of PtNPs embedded in the nanocarbon film were widely controllable (Pt = 4.8-35.9 at%) by regulating the target powers of the Pt and carbon individually. The obtained film had a flat surface (Ra = 0.17-0.18 nm) despite the fact the PtNPs were partially exposed at the surface. Compared with a Pt film electrode, some Pt-C films exhibited higher electrode activity against geosmin although the surface Pt concentrations of these Pt-C films were much lower than that of the Pt film electrode, thanks to the wider potential window and lower background current that resulted from the ultraflat and stable carbon-based film prepared by UBM co-sputtering. Computational experiments revealed that the theoretical oxidation potential (Eox) value for geosmin was relatively similar to that obtained in electrochemical experiments using our Pt-C film electrode. Moreover, we also theoretically estimated the possible oxidation site of geosmin molecules and the advantage of the NP shape of the electroactive Pt parts as regards the electrochemical oxidation of geosmin. We successfully used the Pt-C film (10.6 at%) electrode to detect geosmin in combination with HPLC at a low detection limit of 100 ng L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Kamata
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
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