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Ivanov A, Shamagsumova R, Larina M, Evtugyn G. Electrochemical Acetylcholinesterase Sensors for Anti-Alzheimer's Disease Drug Determination. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:93. [PMID: 38392012 PMCID: PMC10886970 DOI: 10.3390/bios14020093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases and Alzheimer's disease (AD), as one of the most common causes of dementia, result in progressive losses of cholinergic neurons and a reduction in the presynaptic markers of the cholinergic system. These consequences can be compensated by the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) followed by a decrease in the rate of acetylcholine hydrolysis. For this reason, anticholinesterase drugs with reversible inhibition effects are applied for the administration of neurodegenerative diseases. Their overdosage, variation in efficiency and recommendation of an individual daily dose require simple and reliable measurement devices capable of the assessment of the drug concentration in biological fluids and medications. In this review, the performance of electrochemical biosensors utilizing immobilized cholinesterases is considered to show their advantages and drawbacks in the determination of anticholinesterase drugs. In addition, common drugs applied in treating neurodegenerative diseases are briefly characterized. The immobilization of enzymes, nature of the signal recorded and its dependence on the transducer modification are considered and the analytical characteristics of appropriate biosensors are summarized for donepezil, huperzine A, rivastigmine, eserine and galantamine as common anti-dementia drugs. Finally, the prospects for the application of AChE-based biosensors in clinical practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Ivanov
- A.M. Butlerov’ Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (R.S.); (G.E.)
| | - Rezeda Shamagsumova
- A.M. Butlerov’ Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (R.S.); (G.E.)
| | - Marina Larina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Gennady Evtugyn
- A.M. Butlerov’ Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (R.S.); (G.E.)
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Chemical Technology Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
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Kalkal A, Tiwari A, Sharma D, Baghel MK, Kumar P, Pradhan R, Packirisamy G. Air-brush spray coated Ti 3C 2-MXene-graphene nanohybrid thin film based electrochemical biosensor for cancer biomarker detection. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127260. [PMID: 37802449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a significant health hazard worldwide and poses a greater threat to the quality of human life. Quantifying cancer biomarkers with high sensitivity has demonstrated considerable potential for compelling, quick, cost-effective, and minimally invasive early-stage cancer detection. In line with this, efforts have been made towards developing an f-graphene@Ti3C2-MXene nanohybrid thin-film-based electrochemical biosensing platform for efficient carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) detection. The air-brush spray coating technique has been utilized for depositing the uniform thin films of amine functionalized graphene (f-graphene) and Ti3C2-MXene nanohybrid on ITO-coated glass substrate. The chemical bonding and morphological studies of the deposited nanohybrid thin films are characterized by advanced analytical tools, including XRD, XPS, and FESEM. The EDC-NHS chemistry is employed to immobilize the deposited thin films with monoclonal anti-CEA antibodies, followed by blocking the non-specific binding sites with BSA. The electrochemical response and optimization of biosensing parameters have been conducted using CV and DPV techniques. The optimized BSA/anti-CEA/f-graphene@Ti3C2-MXene immunoelectrode showed the ability to detect CEA biomarker from 0.01 pg mL-1 to 2000 ng mL-1 having a considerably lower detection limit of 0.30 pg mL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kalkal
- iHub Divyasmapark, Technology Innovation Hub, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Ayush Tiwari
- iHub Divyasmapark, Technology Innovation Hub, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Deepanshu Sharma
- iHub Divyasmapark, Technology Innovation Hub, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Baghel
- iHub Divyasmapark, Technology Innovation Hub, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Institute Instrumentation Center, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Rangadhar Pradhan
- iHub Divyasmapark, Technology Innovation Hub, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.
| | - Gopinath Packirisamy
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India; Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.
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Srivastava A, Azad UP. Nanobioengineered surface comprising carbon based materials for advanced biosensing and biomedical application. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126802. [PMID: 37690641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) are at the cutting edge of materials science. Due to their distinctive architectures, substantial surface area, favourable biocompatibility, and reactivity to internal and/or external chemico-physical stimuli, carbon-based nanomaterials are becoming more and more significant in a wide range of applications. Numerous research has been conducted and still is going on to investigate the potential uses of carbon-based hybrid materials for diverse applications such as biosensing, bioimaging, smart drug delivery with the potential for theranostic or combinatorial therapies etc. This review is mainly focused on the classifications and synthesis of various types of CNMs and their electroanalytical application for development of efficient and ultra-sensitive electrochemical biosensors for the point of care diagnosis of fatal and severe diseases at their very initial stage. This review is mainly focused on the classification, synthesis and application of carbon-based material for biosensing applications. The integration of various types of CNMs with nanomaterials, enzymes, redox mediators and biomarkers have been used discussed in development of smart biosensing platform. We have also made an effort to discuss the future prospects for these CNMs in the biosensing area as well as the most recent advancements and applications which will be quite useful for the researchers working across the globe working specially in biosensors field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Uday Pratap Azad
- Laboratory of Nanoelectrochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (Central University), Bilaspur 495 009, CG, India.
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Kumar A, Sarkar T, Kumar R, Panda AK, Solanki PR. Electrochemical Detection of Vibrio cholerae by Amine Functionalized Biocompatible Gadolinium Oxide Nanoparticles. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:mi14050995. [PMID: 37241619 DOI: 10.3390/mi14050995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the biocompatible amine-functionalized gadolinium oxide nanoparticles (Gd2O3 NPs) for the possibility of electrochemical detection of Vibrio cholerae (Vc) cells. The microwave irradiation process is applied to synthesize Gd2O3 NPs. The amine (NH2) functionalization is carried out via overnight stirring with 3(Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) at 55 °C. The size of NPs amine functionalized APETS@Gd2O3 NPs are determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). APETS@Gd2O3 NPs are further electrophoretically deposited onto indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrate to obtain working electrode surface. The monoclonal antibodies (anti-CT) specific to cholera toxin associated to Vc cells are covalently immobilized onto the above electrodes using EDC-NHS chemistry and further BSA is added to obtain the BSA/anti-CT/APETS@Gd2O3/ITO immunoelectrode. Further, this immunoelectrode shows the response for cells in CFU range from 3.125 × 106 to 30 × 106 and is very selective with sensitivity and LOD 5.07 mA CFUs mL cm-2 and 0.9375 × 106 CFU respectively. To establish a future potential for APTES@Gd2O3 NPs in field of biomedical applications and cytosensing, the effect of APTES@Gd2O3 NPs on mammalian cells is also observed using in vitro cytotoxicity assay and cell cycle analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46637, USA
| | - Tamal Sarkar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Robin Kumar
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Amulya K Panda
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Pratima R Solanki
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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Development of a palm-sized bioelectronic sensing device for protein detection in milk samples. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123132. [PMID: 36610567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.123132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study relates a portable optical sensing device supported by a small single-board (SBC) computer. The electronic architectural avenue connects the SBC with a camera, LED lights and a monitor. A 'sensor integration unit' has been linked with the device where the biological reactions were performed and assessed based on the concentration-dependent optical signal outputs. This setup can detect the generation of colors and distinguish their changes in the RGB intensity scale with an accuracy of a single pixel unit. A predefined range of values was obtained and fed to the device that can quantitatively sense the molecule of interest on the sensing matrix. The device has a touchscreen interactive panel that allows users to manually set experimental conditions and connect the entire measurement process to the cloud storage for backup information. We have considered detecting Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) quantitatively from standard solutions as well as in milk samples as a proof-of-concept protein molecule. The device has shown exceptional analytical performance for lower and higher concentration ranges (0-100 U/mL and 100-1000 U/mL) with correlation coefficient values of 0.99. The detection limit of ALP was determined to be 0.1 U/mL, and the average time of a sample assessment was recorded to be 15 s. The device has also been tested against ALP-spiked milk samples to check its effectiveness and commercial viability. The outcome of the real-time assessment was sensitive and efficient, indicating its direct commercial and clinical importance towards colorimetric detection for diverse macromolecules.
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Kumar A, Sarkar T, Solanki PR. Amine Functionalized Gadolinium Oxide Nanoparticles-Based Electrochemical Immunosensor for Cholera. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13020177. [PMID: 36831943 PMCID: PMC9953617 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and functionalization of gadolinium oxide nanoparticles (Gd2O3 NPs) to fabricate a highly efficient immunosensor for the detection of Vibrio cholera toxin (CT). Gd2O3 NPs were produced in a straightforward manner utilizing the microwave irradiation technique using a domestic microwave oven. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and spectroscopic techniques were used to characterize the structural and physical aspects of Gd2O3 NPs. The Gd2O3 NPs were then functionalized with 3-(Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) and electrophoretically deposited onto an ITO-coated glass substrate. The anti-CT monoclonal antibodies were covalently attached to the APTES-Gd2O3/ITO electrode via EDC-NHS chemistry, followed by bovine serum albumin (BSA). For CT detection, electrochemical response experiments using BSA/anti-CT/APTES-Gd2O3/ITO immunoelectrodes were carried out (5-700 ng mL-1). The immunoelectrode demonstrated an outstanding electrochemical reaction against CT, with a sensitivity of 8.37 mA ng-1 mL cm-2 and a detection limit of 1.48 ng mL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46637, USA
| | - Tamal Sarkar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Pratima R. Solanki
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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Singh N, Dkhar DS, Chandra P, Azad UP. Nanobiosensors Design Using 2D Materials: Implementation in Infectious and Fatal Disease Diagnosis. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13020166. [PMID: 36831931 PMCID: PMC9953246 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanobiosensors are devices that utilize a very small probe and any form of electrical, optical, or magnetic technology to detect and analyze a biochemical or biological process. With an increasing population today, nanobiosensors have become the broadly used electroanalytical tools for the timely detection of many infectious (dengue, hepatitis, tuberculosis, leukemia, etc.) and other fatal diseases, such as prostate cancer, breast cancer, etc., at their early stage. Compared to classical or traditional analytical methods, nanobiosensors have significant benefits, including low detection limit, high selectivity and sensitivity, shorter analysis duration, easier portability, biocompatibility, and ease of miniaturization for on-site monitoring. Very similar to biosensors, nanobiosensors can also be classified in numerous ways, either depending on biological molecules, such as enzymes, antibodies, and aptamer, or by working principles, such as optical and electrochemical. Various nanobiosensors, such as cyclic voltametric, amperometric, impedimetric, etc., have been discussed for the timely monitoring of the infectious and fatal diseases at their early stage. Nanobiosensors performance and efficiency can be enhanced by using a variety of engineered nanostructures, which include nanotubes, nanoparticles, nanopores, self-adhesive monolayers, nanowires, and nanocomposites. Here, this mini review recaps the application of two-dimensional (2D) materials, especially graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), graphene oxide, black phosphorous, and MXenes, for the construction of the nanobiosensors and their application for the diagnosis of various infectious diseases at very early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandita Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur 495009, CG, India
| | - Daphika S. Dkhar
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobioengineering, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, UP, India
| | - Pranjal Chandra
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobioengineering, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, UP, India
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (U.P.A.)
| | - Uday Pratap Azad
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur 495009, CG, India
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (U.P.A.)
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Engineered Nanomaterial based Implantable MicroNanoelectrode for in vivo Analysis: Technological Advancement and Commercial Aspects. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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9
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Kumari R, Dkhar DS, Mahapatra S, Divya, Singh SP, Chandra P. Nano-Engineered Surface Comprising Metallic Dendrites for Biomolecular Analysis in Clinical Perspective. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1062. [PMID: 36551029 PMCID: PMC9775260 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Metallic dendrites, a class of three-dimensional nanostructured materials, have drawn a lot of interests in the recent years because of their interesting hierarchical structures and distinctive features. They are a hierarchical self-assembled array of primary, secondary, and terminal branches with a plethora of pointed ends, ridges, and edges. These features provide them with larger active surface areas. Due to their enormous active areas, the catalytic activity and conductivity of these nanostructures are higher as compared to other nanomaterials; therefore, they are increasingly used in the fabrication of sensors. This review begins with the properties and various synthetic approaches of nanodendrites. The primary goal of this review is to summarize various nanodendrites-engineered biosensors for monitoring of small molecules, macromolecules, metal ions, and cells in a wide variety of real matrices. Finally, to enlighten future research, the limitations and future potential of these newly discovered materials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Kumari
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobioengineering, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Daphika S. Dkhar
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobioengineering, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Supratim Mahapatra
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobioengineering, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Divya
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobioengineering, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Surinder P. Singh
- CSIR—National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Pranjal Chandra
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobioengineering, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
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Dkhar DS, Kumari R, Mahapatra S, Kumar R, Chandra P. Ultrasensitive Aptasensors for the Detection of Viruses Based on Opto-Electrochemical Readout Systems. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12020081. [PMID: 35200341 PMCID: PMC8869721 DOI: 10.3390/bios12020081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections are becoming the foremost driver of morbidity, mortality and economic loss all around the world. Treatment for diseases associated to some deadly viruses are challenging tasks, due to lack of infrastructure, finance and availability of rapid, accurate and easy-to-use detection methods or devices. The emergence of biosensors has proven to be a success in the field of diagnosis to overcome the challenges associated with traditional methods. Furthermore, the incorporation of aptamers as bio-recognition elements in the design of biosensors has paved a way towards rapid, cost-effective, and specific detection devices which are insensitive to changes in the environment. In the last decade, aptamers have emerged to be suitable and efficient biorecognition elements for the detection of different kinds of analytes, such as metal ions, small and macro molecules, and even cells. The signal generation in the detection process depends on different parameters; one such parameter is whether the labelled molecule is incorporated or not for monitoring the sensing process. Based on the labelling, biosensors are classified as label or label-free; both have their significant advantages and disadvantages. Here, we have primarily reviewed the advantages for using aptamers in the transduction system of sensing devices. Furthermore, the labelled and label-free opto-electrochemical aptasensors for the detection of various kinds of viruses have been discussed. Moreover, numerous globally developed aptasensors for the sensing of different types of viruses have been illustrated and explained in tabulated form.
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A step toward better sample management of COVID-19: On-spot detection by biometric technology and artificial intelligence. COVID-19 AND THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS 2022. [PMCID: PMC9334987 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91307-2.00017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Nguyen DK, Jang CH. A Simple and Ultrasensitive Colorimetric Biosensor for Anatoxin-a Based on Aptamer and Gold Nanoparticles. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:1526. [PMID: 34945376 PMCID: PMC8703760 DOI: 10.3390/mi12121526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Here, we designed a simple, rapid, and ultrasensitive colorimetric aptasensor for detecting anatoxin-a (ATX-a). The sensor employs a DNA aptamer as the sensing element and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as probes. Adsorption of the aptamer onto the AuNP surface can protect AuNPs from aggregation in NaCl solution, thus maintaining their dispersion state. In the presence of ATX-a, the specific binding of the aptamer with ATX-a results in a conformational change in the aptamer, which facilitates AuNP aggregation and, consequently, a color change of AuNPs from red to blue in NaCl solution. This color variation is directly associated with ATX-a concentration and can be easily measured using a UV/Vis spectrophotometer. The absorbance variation is linearly proportional to ATX-a concentration across the concentration range of 10 pM to 200 nM, with a detection limit of 4.45 pM and high selectivity against other interferents. This strategy was successfully applied to the detection of ATX-a in lake water samples. Thus, the present aptasensor is a promising alternative method for the rapid detection of ATX-a in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chang-Hyun Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University, Seongnam-daero 1342, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Korea;
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Roy S, Dikshit PK, Sherpa KC, Singh A, Jacob S, Chandra Rajak R. Recent nanobiotechnological advancements in lignocellulosic biomass valorization: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 297:113422. [PMID: 34351298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Increase in human population, rapid industrialization, excessive utilization of fossil fuel utilization and anthropogenic activities have caused serious threats to the environment in terms of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs), global warming, air pollution, acid rain, etc. This destruction in sustainability can be averted by a paradigm shift in the fuel production from fossil resources to bioenergy. Amongst different forms of bioenergy, lignocellulosic biomass can be utilized as an attractive substrate for the production of several high-value products owing to its renewability, easy availability, and abundance. Additionally, utilization of these waste biomasses reduces the environmental hazards associated with its disposal. Impedance of lignin and crystalline nature of cellulose pose major bottlenecks in biomass based energy. Though, several physio-chemicals processes are recommended as mitigation route but none of them seems to be promising for large scale application. In recent years, a right fusion of biological treatment combined with nanotechnology for efficient pretreatment and subsequent hydrolysis of biomass by ubiquitous enzymes seems to be promising alternative. In addition, to overcome these difficulties, nanotechnology-based methods have been recently adopted in catalytic valorization of lignocellulosic biomass. The present review has critically discussed the application of nano-biotechnology in lignocellulosic biomass valorization in terms of pretreatment and hydrolysis. A detailed discussion on the application of various nanoparticles in these processes, enzyme immobilization and end-production utilization is presented in this review. Finally, the review emphasizes the major challenges of this process along with different routes and recommendations to address the issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmili Roy
- Division of Oncology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Pritam Kumar Dikshit
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, India
| | - Knawang Chhunji Sherpa
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Anshu Singh
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Samuel Jacob
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Rajiv Chandra Rajak
- Department of Botany, Marwari College, Ranchi University, Ranchi, 834008, India.
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Electrochemical Sensor for Determination of Various Phenolic Compounds in Wine Samples Using Fe 3O 4 Nanoparticles Modified Carbon Paste Electrode. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12030312. [PMID: 33802703 PMCID: PMC8002544 DOI: 10.3390/mi12030312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds contain classes of flavonoids and non-flavonoids, which occur naturally as secondary metabolites in plants. These compounds, when consumed in food substances, improve human health because of their antioxidant properties against oxidative damage diseases. In this study, an electrochemical sensor was developed using a carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with Fe3O4 nanoparticles (MCPE) for the electrosensitive determination of sinapic acid, syringic acid, and rutin. The characterization techniques adapted for CPE, MCPE electrodes, and the solution interface were cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Scan rate and pH were the parameters subjected to optimization studies for the determination of phenolic compounds. The incorporation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles to the CPE as a sensor showed excellent sensitivity, selectivity, repeatability, reproducibility, stability, and low preparation cost. The limits of detection (LOD) obtained were 2.2 × 10−7 M for sinapic acid, 2.6 × 10−7 M for syringic acid, and 0.8 × 10−7 M for rutin, respectively. The fabricated electrochemical sensor was applied to determine phenolic compounds in real samples of red and white wine.
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Javaid M, Haleem A, Pratap Singh R, Suman R. Industrial perspectives of 3D scanning: Features, roles and it's analytical applications. SENSORS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2021.100114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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16
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Vernekar PR, Purohit B, Shetti NP, Chandra P. Glucose modified carbon paste sensor in the presence of cationic surfactant for mefenamic acid detection in urine and pharmaceutical samples. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Chandra P. Miniaturized label-free smartphone assisted electrochemical sensing approach for personalized COVID-19 diagnosis. SENSORS INTERNATIONAL 2020; 1:100019. [PMID: 34766038 PMCID: PMC7377981 DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2020.100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19, coronavirus disease is an infectious disease caused by a novel virus called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). By March 2020 the novel coronavirus known to cause a pandemic has infected nearly about 119 thousand people and killed more than 4,300 around 114 countries. Apart from the current controversial opinions about the origin, spreading, and sociological impact, it is much more imperative to put a halt to this current situation. Understanding, testing, and early to rapid diagnosis may be now the only key that can contain COVID-19 by "flattening the curve". Biosensing is the platform that allows rapid, highly sensitive, and selective detection of analytes which in turn can serve the purpose for fast and precise detection of COVID-19. In this article, based on recently reported miniaturized sensing strategies, we hereby propose a promising personalized smartphone assisted electrochemical sensing platform for diagnosis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranjal Chandra
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobioengineering, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
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