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Ndlovu IS, Tshilwane SI, Vosloo A, Chaisi M, Mukaratirwa S. Metabolomics of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Sprague Dawley Rats-In Search of Potential Metabolic Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12467. [PMID: 37569840 PMCID: PMC10419637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an expanding global health concern, closely associated with the epidemic of obesity. Individuals with diabetes are at high risk for microvascular and macrovascular complications, which include retinopathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular comorbidities. Despite the availability of diagnostic tools for T2DM, approximately 30-60% of people with T2DM in developed countries are never diagnosed or detected. Therefore, there is a strong need for a simpler and more reliable technique for the early detection of T2DM. This study aimed to use a non-targeted metabolomic approach to systematically identify novel biomarkers from the serum samples of T2DM-induced Sprague Dawley (SD) rats using a comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with a time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOF/MS). Fifty-four male Sprague Dawley rats weighing between 160-180 g were randomly assigned into two experimental groups, namely the type 2 diabetes mellitus group (T2DM) (n = 36) and the non-diabetic control group (n = 18). Results from this study showed that the metabolite signature of the diabetic rats was different from that of the non-diabetic control group. The most significantly upregulated metabolic pathway was aminoacyl-t-RNA biosynthesis. Metabolite changes observed between the diabetic and non-diabetic control group was attributed to the increase in amino acids, such as glycine, L-asparagine, and L-serine. Aromatic amino acids, including L-tyrosine, were associated with the risk of future hyperglycemia and overt diabetes. The identified potential biomarkers depicted a good predictive value of more than 0.8. It was concluded from the results that amino acids that were associated with impaired insulin secretion were prospectively related to an increase in glucose levels. Moreover, amino acids that were associated with impaired insulin secretion were prospectively related to an increase in glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent Siyanda Ndlovu
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa; (I.S.N.); (A.V.)
| | - Selaelo Ivy Tshilwane
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; (S.I.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Andre Vosloo
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa; (I.S.N.); (A.V.)
| | - Mamohale Chaisi
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; (S.I.T.); (M.C.)
- Foundational Biodiversity Science, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Samson Mukaratirwa
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa; (I.S.N.); (A.V.)
- One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre KN0101, Saint Kitts and Nevis
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Deng P, Liang H, Wang S, Hao R, Han J, Sun X, Pan X, Li D, Wu Y, Huang Z, Xue J, Chen Z. Combined metabolomics and network pharmacology to elucidate the mechanisms of Dracorhodin Perchlorate in treating diabetic foot ulcer rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1038656. [PMID: 36532755 PMCID: PMC9752146 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1038656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a severe chronic complication of diabetes, that can result in disability or death. Dracorhodin Perchlorate (DP) is effective for treating DFU, but the potential mechanisms need to be investigated. We aimed to explore the mechanisms underlying the acceleration of wound healing in DFU by the topical application of DP through the combination of metabolomics and network pharmacology. Methods: A DFU rat model was established, and the rate of ulcer wound healing was assessed. Different metabolites were found in the skin tissues of each group, and MetaboAnalyst was performed to analyse metabolic pathways. The candidate targets of DP in the treatment of DFU were screened using network pharmacology. Cytoscape was applied to construct an integrated network of metabolomics and network pharmacology. Moreover, the obtained hub targets were validated using molecular docking. After the topical application of DP, blood glucose, the rate of wound healing and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were assessed. Results: The levels of IL-1, hs-CRP and TNF-α of the Adm group were significantly downregulated. A total of 114 metabolites were identified. These could be important to the therapeutic effects of DP in the treatment of DFU. Based on the network pharmacology, seven hub genes were found, which were partially consistent with the metabolomics results. We focused on four hub targets by further integrated analysis, namely, PAH, GSTM1, DHFR and CAT, and the crucial metabolites and pathways. Molecular docking results demonstrated that DP was well combined with the hub targets. Conclusion: Our research based on metabolomics and network pharmacology demonstrated that DP improves wound healing in DFU through multiple targets and pathways, and it can potentially be used for DFU treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Deng
- School of Graduates, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Longfu Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shulong Wang
- School of Graduates, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruinan Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jinglu Han
- School of Graduates, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojie Sun
- School of Graduates, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuyue Pan
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dongxiao Li
- School of Graduates, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yinwen Wu
- School of Graduates, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhichao Huang
- School of Graduates, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajia Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaojun Chen
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
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Bagchi D, Raj J, Singh AK, Cherevotan A, Roy S, Manoj KS, Vinod CP, Peter SC. Structure-Tailored Surface Oxide on Cu-Ga Intermetallics Enhances CO 2 Reduction Selectivity to Methanol at Ultralow Potential. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109426. [PMID: 35278256 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2 RR) is performed on two intermetallic compounds formed by copper and gallium metals (CuGa2 and Cu9 Ga4 ). Among them, CuGa2 selectively converts CO2 to methanol with remarkable Faradaic efficiency of 77.26% at an extremely low potential of -0.3 V vs RHE. The high performance of CuGa2 compared to Cu9 Ga4 is driven by its unique 2D structure, which retains surface and subsurface oxide species (Ga2 O3 ) even in the reduction atmosphere. The Ga2 O3 species is mapped by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) techniques and electrochemical measurements. The eCO2 RR selectivity to methanol are decreased at higher potential due to the lattice expansion caused by the reduction of the Ga2 O3 , which is probed by in situ XAFS, quasi in situ powder X-ray diffraction, and ex situ XPS measurements. The mechanism of the formation of methanol is visualized by in situ infrared (IR) spectroscopy and the source of the carbon of methanol at the molecular level is confirmed from the isotope-labeling experiments in presence of 13 CO2 . Finally, to minimize the mass transport limitations and improve the overall eCO2 RR performance, a poly(tetrafluoroethylene)-based gas diffusion electrode is used in the flow cell configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Bagchi
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
- School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Jithu Raj
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
- School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar Singh
- School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Arjun Cherevotan
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
- School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Soumyabrata Roy
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
- School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Kaja Sai Manoj
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
- School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - C P Vinod
- Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Sebastian C Peter
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
- School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
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Sun X, Zhang Y, Ma C, Yuan Q, Wang X, Wan H, Wang P. A Review of Recent Advances in Flexible Wearable Sensors for Wound Detection Based on Optical and Electrical Sensing. BIOSENSORS 2021; 12:10. [PMID: 35049637 PMCID: PMC8773881 DOI: 10.3390/bios12010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wounds that are difficult to heal can cause persistent physical pain and significant medical costs for millions of patients each year. However, traditional wound care methods based on passive bandages cannot accurately assess the wound and may cause secondary damage during frequent replacement. With advances in materials science and smart sensing technology, flexible wearable sensors for wound condition assessment have been developed that can accurately detect physiological markers in wounds and provide the necessary information for treatment decisions. The sensors can implement the sensing of biochemical markers and physical parameters that can reflect the infection and healing process of the wound, as well as transmit vital physiological information to the mobile device through optical or electrical signals. Most reviews focused on the applicability of flexible composites in the wound environment or drug delivery devices. This paper summarizes typical biochemical markers and physical parameters in wounds and their physiological significance, reviews recent advances in flexible wearable sensors for wound detection based on optical and electrical sensing principles in the last 5 years, and discusses the challenges faced and future development. This paper provides a comprehensive overview for researchers in the development of flexible wearable sensors for wound detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyou Sun
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.M.); (Q.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Yanchi Zhang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.M.); (Q.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Chiyu Ma
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.M.); (Q.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Qunchen Yuan
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.M.); (Q.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.M.); (Q.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Hao Wan
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.M.); (Q.Y.); (X.W.)
- Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.M.); (Q.Y.); (X.W.)
- Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310053, China
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Roy S, Nagabooshanam S, Wadhwa S, Chauhan N, Mathur A, Khan SA, Davis J. Ultra-sensitive detection of l-tyrosine using molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor towards diabetic foot ulcer detection. Electrochem commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2020.106782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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