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Imran M, Singh VV, Garg P, Mazumder A, Pandey LK, Sharma PK, Acharya J, Ganesan K. In-situ detoxification of schedule-I chemical warfare agents utilizing Zr(OH) 4@W-ACF functional material for the development of next generation NBC protective gears. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24421. [PMID: 34952902 PMCID: PMC8709862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03786-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) have become a pivotal concern for the global community and spurred a wide spectrum of research for the development of new generation protective materials. Herein, a highly effective self-detoxifying filter consisting of in-situ immobilized Zirconium hydroxide [Zr(OH)4] over woven activated carbon fabric [Zr(OH)4@W-ACF] is presented for the removal of CWAs. It was prepared to harness the synergistic effect of high surface area of W-ACF, leads to high dispersion of CWAs and high phosphilicity and reactivity of [Zr(OH)4]. The synthesized materials were characterized by ATR-FTIR, EDX, SEM, TEM, XPS, TGA, and BET surface area analyzer. The kinetics of in-situ degradation of CWAs over Zr(OH)4@W-ACF were studied and found to be following the first-order reaction kinetics. The rate constant was found to be 0.244 min-1 and 2.31 × 10-2 min-1 for sarin and soman, respectively over Zr(OH)4@W-ACF. The potential practical applicability of this work was established by fabricating Zr(OH)4@W-ACF as reactive adsorbent layer for protective suit, and found to be meeting the specified criteria in terms of air permeability, tearing strength and nerve agent permeation as per TOP-08-2-501A:2013 and IS-17380:2020. The degradation products of CWAs were analyzed with NMR and GC-MS. The combined properties of dual functional textile with reactive material are expected to open up new exciting avenues in the field of CWAs protective clothing and thus find diverse application in defence and environmental sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Imran
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, DRDO, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474002, India
| | - Virendra V Singh
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, DRDO, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474002, India.
| | - Prabhat Garg
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, DRDO, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474002, India
| | - Avik Mazumder
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, DRDO, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474002, India
| | - Lokesh K Pandey
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, DRDO, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474002, India
| | - Pushpendra K Sharma
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, DRDO, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474002, India
| | - Jyotiranjan Acharya
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, DRDO, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474002, India
| | - Kumaran Ganesan
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, DRDO, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474002, India
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Bhatti SA, Memon FH, Rehman F, Bhatti Z, Naqvi T, Thebo KH. Recent progress in decontamination system against chemical and biological materials: challenges and future perspectives. REV INORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/revic-2021-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Environmental contamination is one of the key issues of developing countries in recent days, and several types of methods and technologies have been developed to overcome these issues. This paper highlights the importance of decontamination in a contaminated environment that normally precedes protection, detection and identification followed by medical support. Further, this paper especially focuses on individual and collective NBC decontamination required on navy ships and correspondingly presents solutions (viable and economical) through the use of indigenously developed decontamination equipment. The paper also highlights the integration of various decontamination technologies with pre-existing ship decontamination systems, indicating the need for various decontaminants. Finally, we will also focus on new decontamination systems based on nanomaterials and enzymes and their utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Akhtar Bhatti
- Department of Defence & Strategic Studies , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , 45320 , Pakistan
| | - Fida Hussain Memon
- Department of Electrical Engineering , Sukkur IBA University , Sukkur , Sindh , Pakistan
| | - Faisal Rehman
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering , College of EME, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) , Peshawar Road , Rawalpindi , Pakistan
| | - Zubeda Bhatti
- Department of Physics and Electronics , Shah Abdul Latif University , Khairpur Mirs , 66020 , Pakistan
| | - Tehsin Naqvi
- Department of Defence & Strategic Studies , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , 45320 , Pakistan
| | - Khalid Hussain Thebo
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) , Shenyang , China
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Sharif NA, Ehsani M, Zaarei D, Kalaee MR, Khajavi R. Nanocomposite Coatings Based on Modified Graphene Oxide and Polydimethylsiloxane: Characterization and Thermal Properties. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427220110191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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