1
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Kick AC, Weyhermüller T, Hölscher M, Kaeffer N, Leitner W. Understanding Ligand Effects on Bielectronic Transitions: Chemo- and Electroreduction of Rhodium Bis(Diphosphine) Complexes to Low Oxidation States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202408356. [PMID: 38842465 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Rhodium complexes in the -I and 0 oxidation states are of great potential interest in catalytic applications. In contrast to their rhodium +I congeners, however, the structural and electronic parameters governing their access and stability are far less understood. Herein, we investigate the two-electron reduction of a parameterized series of bis(diphosphine) Rh complexes [Rh(dxpy)2]NTf2 (x=P-substituent, y=alkanediyl bridging P atoms). Through (electro)reductions from the RhI parents, Rh-I d10-complexes were obtained and characterized spectroscopically, including 103Rh NMR data. The reductive steps convolute with structural rearrangements from square planar to tetrahedral coordination. We found that the extent of these reorganisations defines whether the first E0(RhI/0) and second E0(Rh0/-I) reduction potentials are normally ordered, leading to monoelectronic stepwise transitions, or inverted, giving bielectronic events. Reductionist approaches based on Hammett parameters or the P-Rh-P bite angles provide only partial correlations with the redox potentials. However, we identified the C-O stretch of analogue diphosphine complexes as an expedient computational parameter that enables these correlations through both electronic and geometric features, even in a predictive manner. Gaining control over two-electron reduction behaviors through rationalized ligand effects has potential impact beyond Rh complexes, for molecular and enzymatic metal sites commonly exhibiting bielectronic transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Christine Kick
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen
| | - Thomas Weyhermüller
- Department of Molecular Catalysis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr
| | - Markus Hölscher
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen
| | - Nicolas Kaeffer
- Department of Molecular Catalysis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr
| | - Walter Leitner
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen
- Department of Molecular Catalysis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr
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2
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Navya PV, Ganesan K, Neyts EC, Sampath S. Heterocycle- and Amine-Free Electrochromic and Electrofluorochromic Molecules for Energy-Saving See-Through Smart Windows and Displays. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401647. [PMID: 38747442 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Electrochromic (EC) smart windows are an elegant alternative to dusty curtains, blinds, and traditional dimming devices. The EC energy storage smart windows and displays received remarkable attention in the optoelectronic industry as they hold promise for high energy efficiency, low power consumption, reversibility, and swift response to stimuli. However, achieving these properties remains challenging. Moreover, most EC molecules do not exhibit electrofluorochromism, which is highly essential for smart displays because its EC property can modulate the solar heat entering the building, and its electrofluorochromic (EFC) aspects can create lighting during the night. In this work, a structure-property relationship is utilized to develop new electrochromes that can store the injected charge, and these molecules indeed exhibit electrofluorochromism. The compounds are synthesized from tetrabenzofluorene with two aromatic acceptor units, and avoids the use of widely studied heterocycles and amine derivatives. The electrochromes switches from yellow to dark hue in solution, solid, and gel state. The compounds display exceptional electrochemical stability and reversibility in 1000 cycles and capacity retention of 93-100 % in 300 charging-discharging cycles. The proof-of-concept device fabrication of the self-dimming EC smart window presented here demonstrates that it can furnish visual comfort, modulate transmitted light and glare, and reduce energy usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panichiyil V Navya
- Soft Functional Hybrid Materials Lab, Department of Materials Science, School of Technology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, 610005, India
| | - Krithika Ganesan
- MOSAIC Research Group, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
| | - Erik C Neyts
- MOSAIC Research Group, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
| | - Srinivasan Sampath
- Soft Functional Hybrid Materials Lab, Department of Materials Science, School of Technology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, 610005, India
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3
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Beedri N, Dani G, Gaikwad M, Pathan HM, Salunke-Gawali S. Comparative Study of TiO 2, ZnO, and Nb 2O 5 Photoanodes for Nitro-Substituted Naphthoquinone Photosensitizer-Based Solar Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:38748-38765. [PMID: 37867677 PMCID: PMC10586449 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
This research focuses on the first demonstration of NO2Lw (2-hydroxy-3-nitronaphthalene-1,4-dione) as a photosensitizer and TiO2, ZnO, and Nb2O5 as photoanode materials for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The metal-free organic photosensitizer (i.e., nitro-group-substituted naphthoquinone, NO2Lw) was synthesized for this purpose. As a photoanode material, metal oxides, such as TiO2, ZnO, and Nb2O5, were selected. The synthesized NO2Lw contains an electron-withdrawing group (-NO2) and anchoring groups (-OH) that exhibit absorption in the visible range. The UV-visible absorbance spectrum of NO2Lw demonstrates the absorption ascribed to ultraviolet and visible region charge transfer. The NO2Lw interacts with the TiO2, ZnO, and Nb2O5 photoanode, as shown by bathochromic shifts in wavelengths in the photosensitizer-loaded TiO2, ZnO, and Nb2O5 photoanodes. FT-IR analysis also studied the bonding interaction between NO2Lw and TiO2, ZnO, and Nb2O5 photoanode material. The TiO2, ZnO, and Nb2O5 photoanodes loaded with NO2Lw exhibit a shift in the wavenumber of the functional groups, indicating that these groups were involved in loading the NO2Lw photosensitizer. The amount of photosensitizer loading was calculated, showing that TiO2 has higher loading than ZnO and Nb2O5 photoanodes; this factor may constitute an increased JSC value of the TiO2 photoanode. The device performance is compared using photocurrent-voltage (J-V) curves; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement examines the device's charge transport. The TiO2 photoanode showed higher performance than the ZnO and Nb2O5 photoanodes in terms of photoelectrochemical properties. When compared to ZnO and Nb2O5 photoanodes-based DSSCs, the TiO2 photoanode Bode plot shows a signature frequency peak corresponding to electron recombination rate toward the low-frequency region, showing that TiO2 has a greater electron lifetime than ZnO and Nb2O5 photoanodes based DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyamat
I. Beedri
- Department
of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Gaurav Dani
- Department
of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Manisha Gaikwad
- Department
of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Habib M. Pathan
- Advanced
Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
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4
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Kramer A, Pachter R, Hsu JWP, Vandenberghe WG. The effect of solvent on determining highest occupied molecular orbital energies of semiconducting organic molecules: Insight from a combined computational approach. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:1064-1072. [PMID: 36597937 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Although cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements in solution have been widely used to determine the highest occupied molecular orbital energy (EHOMO ) of semiconducting organic molecules, an understanding of the experimentally observed discrepancies due to the solvent used is lacking. To explain these differences, we investigate the solvent effects on EHOMO by combining density functional theory and molecular dynamics calculations for four donor molecules with a common backbone moiety. We compare the experimental EHOMO values to the calculated values obtained from either implicit or first solvation shell theories. We find that the first solvation shell method can capture the EHOMO variation arising from the functional groups in solution, unlike the implicit method. We further applied the first solvation shell method to other semiconducting organic molecules measured in solutions for different solvents. We find that the EHOMO obtained using an implicit method is insensitive to solvent choice. The first solvation shell, however, produces EHOMO values that are sensitive to solvent choices and agrees with published experimental results. The solvent sensitivity arises from a hierarchy of three effects: (1) the solute electronic state within a surrounding dielectric continuum, (2) ambient temperature or solvent atoms changing the solute geometry, and (3) electronic interactions between the solute and solvents. The implicit method, on the other hand, only captures the effect of a dielectric environment. Our findings suggest that EHOMO obtained by CV measurements should account for the influence of solvent when the results are reported, interpreted, or compared to other molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Kramer
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Ruth Pachter
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, USA
| | - Julia W P Hsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - William G Vandenberghe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
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5
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Henke P, Rindom C, Kanta Aryal U, Frydenlund Jespersen M, Broløs L, Mansø M, Turkovic V, Madsen M, Mikkelsen KV, Ogilby PR, Brøndsted Nielsen M. Imparting Stability to Organic Photovoltaic Components through Molecular Engineering: Mitigating Reactions with Singlet Oxygen. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023:e202202320. [PMID: 36897647 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
One key challenge in the development of viable organic photovoltaic devices is to design component molecules that do not degrade during combined exposure to oxygen and light. Such molecules should thus remain comparatively unreactive towards singlet molecular oxygen and not act as photosensitizers for the generation of this undesirable species. Here, novel redox-active chromophores that combine these two properties are presented. By functionalizing indenofluorene-extended tetrathiafulvalenes (IF-TTFs) with cyano groups at the indenofluorene core using Pd-catalyzed cyanation reactions, we find that the reactivity of the exocyclic fulvene carbon-carbon double bonds towards singlet oxygen is considerably reduced. The new cyano-functionalized IF-TTFs were tested in non-fullerene acceptor based organic photovoltaic proof-of-principle devices, revealing enhanced device stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Henke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Rindom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Um Kanta Aryal
- Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics and Thin Film Energy Devices (SDU CAPE), Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, DK-6400, Sønderborg, Denmark
| | | | - Line Broløs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Mads Mansø
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Vida Turkovic
- Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics and Thin Film Energy Devices (SDU CAPE), Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, DK-6400, Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Morten Madsen
- Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics and Thin Film Energy Devices (SDU CAPE), Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, DK-6400, Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Kurt V Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Peter R Ogilby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mogens Brøndsted Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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6
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Hernández B, Narea P, Espinoza D, Cárdenas A, Brito I, Delgado GE, Cisterna J. Synthesis, crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis, thermal, luminescent properties, and computational studies of the new triazole derivative 1-(5-methyl-1-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)ethan-1-one. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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7
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Chiyindiko E, Langner EH, Conradie J. DFT and electrochemical study on some iron(III) complexes with 2-hydroxybenzophenones. Inorganica Chim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2023.121445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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8
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Cortés P, Castroagudín M, Kesternich V, Pérez-Fehrmann M, Carmona E, Zaragoza G, Vizcarra A, Hernández-Saravia LP, Nelson R. Ligand influence in electrocatalytic properties of Cu(II) triazole complexes for hydrogen peroxide detection in aqueous media. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:1476-1486. [PMID: 36645272 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03549a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, electrocatalytic changes of Cu(II) triazole complexes (Cu(L)2) resulting from inductive effects were evaluated to fabricate a sensor for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) determination. Three copper(II) complexes with electronically differentiated ligands were synthesized by slow diffusion method and characterized by X-ray crystallography, Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), UV-Vis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and voltammetry cyclic (CV). Cu(LOMe)2/GC, Cu(LBr)2/GC and Cu(LNO2)2/GC sensors were then prepared. Under optimal conditions (pH = 11), the optimal sensor presented a response at -0.5 V, good linear range of 1-32 μM, reproducibility (1.7%), repeatability (1.2%), LOD of 0.0246 μM (S/N = 5), LOQ of 0.0747 μM (S/N = 5) and selectivity. Additionally, Cu(LNO2)2/GC sensor has been successfully applied in commercial substances, such as mouthwash, milk and tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Cortés
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte, Avda. Angamos 0610, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile.
| | - Mariña Castroagudín
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte, Avda. Angamos 0610, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile.
| | - Víctor Kesternich
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte, Avda. Angamos 0610, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile.
| | - Marcia Pérez-Fehrmann
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte, Avda. Angamos 0610, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile.
| | - Erico Carmona
- Facultad de Recursos Naturales Renovables, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Guillermo Zaragoza
- Unidade de Difracción de Raios X, RIAIDT, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus VIDA, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Arnoldo Vizcarra
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile.
| | | | - Ronald Nelson
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte, Avda. Angamos 0610, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile.
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9
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Conradie J. Reduction potential of benzophenones, hydroxyphenones and bis(2-hydroxyphenone)copper molecules. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.141931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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10
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Solute-solvent interaction and DFT studies on bromonaphthofuran 1,3,4-oxadiazole fluorophores for optoelectronic applications. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 118:108367. [PMID: 36334420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2022.108367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, computational and experimental studies were carried out to explore the photophysical properties of bromonaphthofuran substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives for optoelectronic applications. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to demonstrate the electronic and optical properties of the synthesised molecules. The theoretical ground state dipole moments of the fluorophores in gas and solvent environments were also computed using Gaussian 09W software. Further, the HOMO-LUMO energies of the fluorophores determined using DFT agree well with the experimental values. Molecular electrostatic potential 3D plots were used to identify the sites which are electrophilic and nucleophilic in nature. Dipole moment of both the fluorophores in ground and excited states were determined experimentally. The excited state dipole moments being higher than that of the ground state shows the redistribution of electron densities in the excited state than in the ground state in both the fluorophores. The solute-solvent interactions, both specific and non-specific, were assessed using Catalan parameters. Further, the nature of chemical reactivity was determined based on global descriptors. The photophysical properties of the fluorophores studied suggest their potential use as promising candidates for organic light emitting diode (OLED), solar cell and chemosensor applications.
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11
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A New Experimental Approach to Understanding Microscopic Details of the Electrode/Electrolyte Interface. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.141921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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12
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Reduction Data Obtained from Cyclic Voltammetry of Benzophenones and Copper-2-Hydroxyphenone Complexes. DATA 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/data7120183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This article provides detailed redox data on nine differently substituted benzophenones and ten square planar copper(II) complexes containing 2-hydroxyphenones obtained by cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments. The information provided is related to the published full research articles “An electrochemical and computational chemistry study of substituted benzophenones” (Electrochim. Acta2021, 373, 137894) and “Electrochemical behaviour of copper(II) complexes containing 2-hydroxyphenones” (Electrochim. Acta2022, 424, 140629), where the CVs and electrochemical data at mainly one scan rate, namely at 0.100 Vs−1, are reported. CVs and the related peak current and voltage values, not reported in the related research article, are provided in this article for nine differently substituted benzophenones and ten differently substituted copper-2-hydroxyphenone complexes at various scan rates over more than two orders of magnitude. The redox data presented are the first reported complete set of electrochemical data of nine 2-hydroxyphenones and ten copper(II) complexes containing 2-hydroxyphenone ligands.
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13
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Shivani, Mishra A, Kaur P, Singh K. Synthesis and Nonlinear Optical Behavior of Thermally Stable Chromophores Based on 9,9-Dimethyl-9 H-fluoren-2-amine: Improving Intrinsic Hyperpolarizability through Modulation of "Push-Pull". ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:39045-39060. [PMID: 36340121 PMCID: PMC9631884 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2024]
Abstract
Improvement in the first hyperpolarizability (βHRS) as well as intrinsic hyperpolarizability (βint) of chromophores based on 9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-amine through modulation of the conjugation pathway is described. A series of six novel chromophores with "linear" conjugation showed significant enhancement of βHRS as well as βint compared to the counterparts lacking a "linear" conjugation but having an identical combination of donor, acceptor, and the intervening π-conjugated linker. The hyperpolarizability (βHRS as well as βint) values of the new series measured using hyper-Rayleigh scattering exceeded the apparent limit set by the latter set of fluorene-based chromophores. The experimental results are analyzed and interpreted in the context of linear optical properties, single-crystal X-ray analysis, electrochemistry, etc. and corroborated by theoretical studies. We find that modulation of the "push-pull" of the conjugation pathway in these donor-acceptor chromophores compares favourably with the corresponding changes in the optical gaps, transition dipole moments, and dipole moment difference between the ground and excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani
- Department
of Chemistry, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar143005, India
| | - Akriti Mishra
- Department
of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian
Institute of Science, Bangalore560012, India
| | - Paramjit Kaur
- Department
of Chemistry, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar143005, India
| | - Kamaljit Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar143005, India
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14
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Mahadik S, Pathan HM, Salunke-Gawali S, Butcher RJ. Titania Nanorods Embedded with 2-Bromo-3-(methylamino)naphthalene-1,4-dione for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:35595-35609. [PMID: 36249400 PMCID: PMC9557916 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In a recent study, TiO2 nanorod electrodes were prepared by the hydrothermal approach followed by calcination at various temperatures from 300 to 600 °C. The effects of calcination temperature on the morphological and structural properties were investigated. The novel analogue of aminonaphthoquinone(2R-(n-alkylamino)-1,4-naphthoquinone) photosensitizer, viz. BrA1, 2-bromo-3-(methylamino)naphthalene-1,4-dione was synthesized from 2,3-dibromonaphthalene-1,4-dione. X-ray crystallographic data collection and refinement confirm that BrA1 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P 1̅. After loading BrA1, the photosensitizer on the annealed TiO2 nanorod (TiO2NR) electrodes, the optical properties of the photoanodes showed broadbands in each of the UV and visible regions, which are attributed to the π →π* and n → π* charge-transfer transitions, respectively. The dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) system was formed by loading the BrA1 photosensitizer on TiO2NR. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analyses confirm that calcination temperature improves the charge transportation by lowering the resistance path during the photovoltaic process in TiO2NR (400 °C) photoanode-based DSSCs due to the sufficient photosensitizer adsorption and fast electron injection. Due to the effective light harvesting by the BrA1 photosensitizer and charge transport through the TiO2 nanorod, the power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of the TiO2NR (400 °C/BrA1-based) DSSCs were improved for 2-bromo-3-(methylamino)naphthalene-1,4-dione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharad
A. Mahadik
- Department
of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
- Advanced
Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Habib M. Pathan
- Advanced
Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | | | - Ray J. Butcher
- Department
of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, District of
Columbia 20059, United
States
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15
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Suresh I, Nesakumar N, Jegadeesan GB, Jeyaprakash B, Rayappan JBB, Kulandaiswamy AJ. Real-time detection of imidacloprid residues in water using f-MWCNT/EDTA as energetically suitable electrode interface. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1235:340560. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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16
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Naime J, Mamun MSA, Aly Saad Aly M, Maniruzzaman M, Badal MMR, Karim KMR. Synthesis, characterization and application of a novel polyazo dye as a universal acid-base indicator. RSC Adv 2022; 12:28034-28042. [PMID: 36320250 PMCID: PMC9527568 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04930a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel organic polyazo dye is synthesized by the diazotization of aromatic aniline, followed by coupling it with sulfanilic acid and N,N-dimethylaniline. Characterization was done by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and FTIR spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) reveals that phase transition for this molecule is exothermic. The optical band gap is estimated from the absorption cutoff point using UV-Visible spectroscopy. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) addresses the thermal stability of the molecule and is found to be at ∼250 °C. The structure of the synthesized molecule is analogous to that of methyl orange and contains three azo groups. These three azo groups help accept more than two protons and provide two pK a values when diprotic acid or a mixture of acids is used in different titrations. Specifically, when a polybasic acid is in strong base titration, the pK a values were found to be 3.5 and 9.1. Moreover, for strong base and (strong + weak) acid mixture titration, the pK a values are found to be 9.2 and 3.3. Furthermore, the pK a values are found to be 8.6 and 2.8 for (strong and weak) base mixture and (strong and weak) acid mixture titration, respectively. Owing to its increased proton accepting capacity, it can be found in the two pH ranges of 2.1-3.8 for orange color and 8.2-9.8 for yellow color, thus indicating a unique property as a universal indicator for acid-base titration. The dissociation constant of this dye is found to be 3.4 × 10-6, determined in a mixed aqueous solution of 10 wt% ethanol, and a linear relationship between pK a and pH is observed in this solvent system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannatul Naime
- Chemistry Discipline, School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Khulna University Khulna-9208 Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Shamim Al Mamun
- Chemistry Discipline, School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Khulna University Khulna-9208 Bangladesh
| | - Mohamed Aly Saad Aly
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Georgia Tech Shenzhen Institute (GTSI), Tianjin University Shenzhen Guangdong 518052 China
| | - Md Maniruzzaman
- Department of Chemistry, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology Khulna-9203 Bangladesh
| | - Md Mizanur Rahman Badal
- Department of Chemistry, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology Khulna-9203 Bangladesh
| | - Kaykobad Md Rezaul Karim
- Chemistry Discipline, School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Khulna University Khulna-9208 Bangladesh
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Vishwakarma PK, Jaget PS, Parte MK, Maurya RC, Rajak DK, Chanpuria A, Shukla A, Ali A. Experimental and theoretical evaluation of N-pyridoxal-salicylic acid hydrazide derived copper(II) complex with 2-methylimidazole. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-12. [PMID: 35696418 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2085801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This article deals with the experimental and theoretical evaluations of N-pyridoxal-salicylic acid hydrazide (H2pd-sah) 1 and its mixed-ligand copper(II) complex with 2-methylimidazole, [Cu(pd-sah)(MeImdH)] 2. The compounds were characterized based on spectral (UV/Vis. IR) methods, powder-XRD, elemental analysis, and molar conductivity measurements. Both compounds' molecular structure and charge analysis were computed through B3LYP with 6-311 G (d, p) and LANL2DZ basic set using the Gaussian 09 W program package. The time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) approach is used in gas-phase electronic transitions of 2 using the LANL2DZ basis set. Also, the computed UV-Vis based upon TD-DFT results and IR spectra were simulated for comparison with the experimental ones. The molecular structure based on theoretical investigation reveals that compound 2 adopts a distorted square planer N2O2 coordination sphere around the Cu(II). The ONO donor atoms of hydrazone moiety and one nitrogen of 2-methylimidazole constitute the N2O2 basal plane. Moreover, the in-vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH assay in both compounds. In addition, Molecular docking studies were performed to predict the binding interaction between compound 2 and the Human Serum Albumin HSA (PDB ID: 1H9Z).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Vishwakarma
- Department of Post-Graduate Studies and Research in Chemistry and Pharmacy, Coordination, Bioinorganic and Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Rani Durgavati Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur, India
| | - Pushpendra Singh Jaget
- Department of Post-Graduate Studies and Research in Chemistry and Pharmacy, Coordination, Bioinorganic and Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Rani Durgavati Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur, India
| | - Mahendra Kumar Parte
- Department of Post-Graduate Studies and Research in Chemistry and Pharmacy, Coordination, Bioinorganic and Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Rani Durgavati Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur, India
| | - Ram Charitra Maurya
- Department of Post-Graduate Studies and Research in Chemistry and Pharmacy, Coordination, Bioinorganic and Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Rani Durgavati Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Rajak
- Department of Post-Graduate Studies and Research in Chemistry and Pharmacy, Coordination, Bioinorganic and Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Rani Durgavati Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur, India
| | - Aniteshma Chanpuria
- Department of Post-Graduate Studies and Research in Chemistry and Pharmacy, Coordination, Bioinorganic and Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Rani Durgavati Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur, India
| | - Abhilasha Shukla
- Department of Post-Graduate Studies and Research in Chemistry and Pharmacy, Coordination, Bioinorganic and Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Rani Durgavati Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur, India
| | - Ahad Ali
- Department of Post-Graduate Studies and Research in Chemistry and Pharmacy, Coordination, Bioinorganic and Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Rani Durgavati Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur, India
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Conradie J. Redox chemistry of bis(terpyridine)manganese(II) complexes – a molecular view. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Ultrafast charge transfer dynamics in 2D covalent organic frameworks/Re-complex hybrid photocatalyst. Nat Commun 2022; 13:845. [PMID: 35149679 PMCID: PMC8837612 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28409-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhenium(I)-carbonyl-diimine complexes have emerged as promising photocatalysts for carbon dioxide reduction with covalent organic frameworks recognized as perfect sensitizers and scaffold support. Such Re complexes/covalent organic frameworks hybrid catalysts have demonstrated high carbon dioxide reduction activities but with strong excitation energy-dependence. In this paper, we rationalize this behavior by the excitation energy-dependent pathways of internal photo-induced charge transfer studied via transient optical spectroscopies and time-dependent density-functional theory calculation. Under band-edge excitation, the excited electrons are quickly injected from covalent organic frameworks moiety into catalytic RheniumI center within picosecond but followed by fast backward geminate recombination. While under excitation with high-energy photon, the injected electrons are located at high-energy levels in RheniumI centers with longer lifetime. Besides those injected electrons to RheniumI center, there still remain some long-lived electrons in covalent organic frameworks moiety which is transferred back from RheniumI. This facilitates the two-electron reaction of carbon dioxide conversion to carbon monoxide. Re complexes within covalent organic frameworks have emerged as promising photocatalysts for CO2 reduction. Here, authors identify a high-energy electron transfer pathway during CO2 reduction that results in longer-lived excited states than a low-energy electron transfer pathway.
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Chiyindiko E, Langner EH, Conradie J. Electrochemical behaviour of 2-hydroxybenzophenones and related molecules. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Ferreira H, Conradie MM, Conradie J. Redox behaviour of imino-β-diketonato ligands and their rhodium(I) complexes. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Danielson MK, Chen J, Vaclavek AK, Colley ND, Alli AH, Loomis RA, Barnes JC. Photoinduced Electron Transfer and Changes in Surface Free Energy in Polythiophene-Polyviologen Bilayered Thin Films. ACS POLYMERS AU 2021; 2:118-128. [PMID: 36855341 PMCID: PMC9954201 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.1c00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bipyridiniums, also known as viologens, are well-documented electron acceptors that are generally easy to synthesize on a large scale and reversibly cycle between three oxidation states (V2+, V•+, and V0). Accordingly, they have been explored in a number of applications that capitalize on their dynamic redox chemistry, such as redox-flow batteries and electrochromic devices. Viologens are also particularly useful in photoinduced electron transfer (PET) processes and therefore are of interest in photovoltaic applications that typically rely on electron-rich donors like polythiophene (PTh). However, the PET mechanism and relaxation dynamics between interfacing PTh and viologen-based thin films has not been well studied as a function of thickness of the acceptor layer. Here, a novel, bilayered thin film composite was fabricated by first spin-coating PTh onto glass slides, followed by spin-coating and curing polyviologen (PV)-based micron-sized films of variable thicknesses (0.5-11.3 μm) on top of the PTh layer. The electron-transfer mechanism and relaxation dynamics from the PTh sublayer into the upper PV film were investigated using femtosecond transient absorption (fTA) spectroscopy and electrochemistry to better understand how the charge-transfer/relaxation lifetimes could be extended using thicker PV acceptor films. The fTA experiments were performed under inert N2 conditions as well as in ambient O2. The latter shortened the lifetimes of the electrons in the PV layer, presumably due to O2 triplet-based trap sites. Contact angle measurements using H2O and MeI were also performed on top of the bilayered films to measure changes in surface free energy that would aid the assessment related to efficiency of the combined processes involving light penetration, photoexcitation, electron mobility, and relaxation from within the bilayered thin films. Insights gained from this work will support the development of future devices that employ viologen-based materials as an alternative electron-acceptor that is both easily processable and scalable.
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Putra MH, Seidenath S, Kupfer S, Gräfe S, Groß A. Coupling of photoactive transition metal complexes to a functional polymer matrix*. Chemistry 2021; 27:17104-17114. [PMID: 34761834 PMCID: PMC9299502 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Conductive polymers represent a promising alternative to semiconducting oxide electrodes typically used in dye-sensitized cathodes as they more easily allow a tuning of the physicochemical properties. This can then also be very beneficial for using them in light-driven catalysis. In this computational study, we address the coupling of Ru-based photosensitizers to a polymer matrix by combining two different first-principles electronic structure approaches. We use a periodic density functional theory code to properly account for the delocalized nature of the electronic states in the polymer. These ground state investigations are complemented by time-dependent density functional theory simulations to assess the Franck-Condon photophysics of the present photoactive hybrid material based on a molecular model system. Our results are consistent with recent experimental observations and allow to elucidate the light-driven redox chemical processes - eventually leading to charge separation - in the present functional hybrid systems with potential application as photocathode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastian Seidenath
- Institute for Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- Institute for Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena
| | - Stefanie Gräfe
- Institute for Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena
| | - Axel Groß
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89069, Ulm, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Electrochemical Energy Storage, 89069, Ulm, Germany
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Shukla SN, Gaur P, Raidas ML, Chaurasia B, Bagri SS. Novel NNO pincer type Schiff base ligand and its complexes of Fe(IIl), Co(II) and Ni(II): Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, DFT, antibacterial and anticorrosion study. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Adeniyi AA, Conradie J. Exploring substituents and solvent effects on the reduction potential and molecular properties of five derivatives of hydroxybenzophenone (HBP) with their possible conformations and isomers. Struct Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-020-01685-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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