Development of a Novel Silver‐based Sensing Platform for Detecting Superoxide Anion Released from HeLa Cells Directly

Development of a "double reaction" type-based fluorescent probe for the imaging of superoxide anion in living cells

Superoxide anion (O2•-) is an important ROS in living systems, and rapid and in situ detection of O2•- is critical for the in-depth study of its roles in the closely related diseases. Herein, we present a "double reaction" type-based fluorescent probe (BZT) for the imaging of O2•- in living cells. BZT employed a triflate group as a recognition site for O2•-. In response to O2•-, the probe BZT underwent double chemical reactions, including the nucleophilic reaction between O2•- and triflate, and the cyclization reaction through the other nucleophilic reaction between hydroxyl and cyano group. BZT could show high sensitivity and selectivity to O2•-. Biological imaging experiments demonstrated that the probe BZT could be successfully applied to detect the exogenous and endogenous O2•- in living cells, and the results suggested that rutin could efficiently scavenge the endogenous O2•- induced by rotenone. We expected that the developed probe could provide a valuable tool to investigate the pathological roles of O2•- in relevant diseases.

Electrochemical Sensors for the Detection of Reactive Oxygen Species in Biological Systems: A Critical Review

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) involving superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical play important role in human health. ROS are known to be the markers of oxidative stress associated with different pathologies including neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, as well as cancer. Accordingly, ROS level detection in biological systems is an essential problem for biomedical and analytical research. Electrochemical methods seem to have promising prospects in ROS determination due to their high sensitivity, rapidity, and simple equipment. This review demonstrates application of modern electrochemical sensors for ROS detection in biological objects (e.g., cell lines and body fluids) over a decade between 2011 and 2021. Particular attention is paid to sensors materials and various types of modifiers for ROS selective detection. Moreover, the sensors comparative characteristics, their main advantages, disadvantages and their possibilities and limitations are discussed.