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Inobeme A, Mathew JT, Jatto E, Inobeme J, Adetunji CO, Muniratu M, Onyeachu BI, Adekoya MA, Ajai AI, Mann A, Olori E, Akhor SO, Eziukwu CA, Kelani T, Omali PI. Recent advances in instrumental techniques for heavy metal quantification. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:452. [PMID: 36892610 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) are ubiquitous; they are found in soil, water, air, and all biological matrices. The toxicity, bioaccumulation potential, and deleterious effects of most of these metals on humans and the environment have been widely documented. Consequently, the detection and quantification of HMs in various environmental samples have become a pressing issue. The analysis of the concentrations of HMs is a vital component of environmental monitoring; hence, the selection of the most suitable analytical technique for their determination has become a topic of great interest in food, environment, and human health safety. Analytical techniques for the quantification of these metals have evolved. Presently, a broad range of HM analytical techniques are available with each having its outstanding merits as well as limitations. Most analytical scientists, therefore, adopt complementation of more than one method, with the choice influenced by the specific metal of interest, desired limits of detection and quantification, nature of the interference, level of sensitivity, and precision among others. Sequel to the above, this work comprehensively reviews the most recent advances in instrumental techniques for the determination of HMs. It gives a general overview of the concept of HMs, their sources, and why their accurate quantification is pertinent. It highlights various conventional and more advanced techniques for HM determination, and as one of its kind, it also gives special attention to the specific merits and demerits of the analytical techniques. Finally, it presents the most recent studies in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Inobeme
- Department of Chemistry, Edo State University Uzairue, Edo State, Nigeria.
| | - John Tsado Mathew
- Department of Chemistry, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University Lapai, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Ejeomo Jatto
- Department of Chemistry, Ambrose Alli University Ekpoma, Ekpoma, Nigeria
| | - Jonathan Inobeme
- Department of Geography, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
- Applied Microbiology, Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Edo State University Uzairue, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Maliki Muniratu
- Department of Chemistry, Edo State University Uzairue, Edo State, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Abdullahi Mann
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology Minna, Minna, Nigeria
| | - Eric Olori
- Department of Chemistry, Edo State University Uzairue, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Sadiq Oshoke Akhor
- Department of Accounting, Edo State University Uzairue, Edo State, Nigeria
| | | | - Tawakalit Kelani
- Department of Chemistry, Edo State University Uzairue, Edo State, Nigeria
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Tesfaye E, Chandravanshi BS, Negash N, Tessema M. Development of a new electrochemical method for the determination of copper(ii) at trace levels in environmental and food samples. RSC Adv 2022; 12:35367-35382. [PMID: 36540237 PMCID: PMC9742860 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06941e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the fabrication of a new modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) with N 1-hydroxy-N 1,N 2-diphenylbenzamidine (HDPBA) and functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) (HDPBA-MWCNTs/CPE) for highly sensitive and selective determination of Cu(ii) using the square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) technique. The fabricated electrode was characterized using various spectroscopic techniques to study its morphological, structural, and electrochemical properties. The accumulation of Cu(ii) on the surface of HDPBA-MWCNTs/CPE was done in 0.1 M ammonium chloride (NH4Cl, pH 5) solution at an applied potential of -0.70 V versus Ag/AgCl for 180 s, followed by electrochemical stripping in the positive scan of the voltammetry after a resting time of 10 s. The developed HDPBA-MWCNTs/CPE was found to be highly selective, sensitive and reproducible. At optimal conditions of the experiment, the proposed method exhibited a very low limit of detection (0.0048 nM Cu(ii)), a wide linear dynamic range (0.00007-1.5000 μM Cu(ii)), and good reproducibility with relative standard deviation (RSD) value of 3.7%. The effect of various foreign ions on the voltammetric response of Cu(ii) was investigated and the electrode was found to be highly selective to Cu(ii). The practical applicability of the proposed HDPBA-MWCNTs/CPE was studied by applying the electrode for the quantification of Cu(ii) contents in environmental water (wastewater and tap water), soft drink (Fanta and Sprite), and food supplement (commercially available multi-mineral/vitamin tablets) samples. The present method was validated with atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The results found from the two methods are in good agreement with a 95% confidence level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endale Tesfaye
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University P.O. Box 1176 Addis Ababa Ethiopia
| | - Bhagwan Singh Chandravanshi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University P.O. Box 1176 Addis Ababa Ethiopia
| | - Negussie Negash
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University P.O. Box 1176 Addis Ababa Ethiopia
| | - Merid Tessema
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University P.O. Box 1176 Addis Ababa Ethiopia
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Tesfaye E, Singh Chandravanshi B, Negash N, Tessema M. A Novel Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with N 1-Hydroxy-N 1,N 2-Diphenylbenzamidine for the Electrochemical Determination of Cadmium(II) in Environmental Samples. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2022; 2022:3426575. [PMID: 36248055 PMCID: PMC9553701 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3426575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study introduces a novel electrode for rapid, highly sensitive, and selective electrochemical sensor for cadmium(II) using 5% N1-hydroxy-N1,N2-diphenylbenzamidine (HDPBA) modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) (HDPBA‒CPE). Surface characterizations and structural analysis of the proposed HDPBA‒CPE were performed using several analytical techniques. The voltammetric measurements of Cd(II) were conducted by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). Several experimental conditions such as composition and pH of buffer solutions, HDPBA composition, accumulation potential and time, and other voltammetric conditions were optimized. Cd(II) was preconcentrated on the modified electrode surface for 270 s using Britton Robinson (B-R) buffer (0.1 M, pH 4) at -1.0 V versus Ag/AgCl, followed by electrochemical oxidation of the accumulated Cd(II) in the positive scan of SWASV after a quiet time of 10 s. Under optimized parameters, the proposed method showed a linear range of 0.3-100 nM Cd(II) with a detection limit of 0.032 nM. The fabricated HDPBA-modified carbon paste electrode exhibited excellent sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and reproducibility (with RSD of 3.8%). The developed HDPBA‒CPE was used for the quantification of Cd(II) in tobacco and environmental water samples, and it was found to be applicable for the determination of different types of real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endale Tesfaye
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Bhagwan Singh Chandravanshi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Negussie Negash
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Merid Tessema
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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