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Coskun A, Ertaylan G, Pusparum M, Van Hoof R, Kaya ZZ, Khosravi A, Zarrabi A. Advancing personalized medicine: Integrating statistical algorithms with omics and nano-omics for enhanced diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficacy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167339. [PMID: 38986819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Medical laboratory services enable precise measurement of thousands of biomolecules and have become an inseparable part of high-quality healthcare services, exerting a profound influence on global health outcomes. The integration of omics technologies into laboratory medicine has transformed healthcare, enabling personalized treatments and interventions based on individuals' distinct genetic and metabolic profiles. Interpreting laboratory data relies on reliable reference values. Presently, population-derived references are used for individuals, risking misinterpretation due to population heterogeneity, and leading to medical errors. Thus, personalized references are crucial for precise interpretation of individual laboratory results, and the interpretation of omics data should be based on individualized reference values. We reviewed recent advancements in personalized laboratory medicine, focusing on personalized omics, and discussed strategies for implementing personalized statistical approaches in omics technologies to improve global health and concluded that personalized statistical algorithms for interpretation of omics data have great potential to enhance global health. Finally, we demonstrated that the convergence of nanotechnology and omics sciences is transforming personalized laboratory medicine by providing unparalleled diagnostic precision and innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdurrahman Coskun
- Acibadem University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Gökhan Ertaylan
- Unit Health, Environmental Intelligence, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol 2400, Belgium
| | - Murih Pusparum
- Unit Health, Environmental Intelligence, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol 2400, Belgium; I-Biostat, Data Science Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt 3500, Belgium
| | - Rebekka Van Hoof
- Unit Health, Environmental Intelligence, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol 2400, Belgium
| | - Zelal Zuhal Kaya
- Nisantasi University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arezoo Khosravi
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul 34959, Turkey
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul 34396, Turkey; Graduate School of Biotehnology and Bioengeneering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320315, Taiwan; Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, India
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Hakimian F, Mazloum-Ardakani M. Ag nanorod@PEI-Ag nanohybrid as an excellent signal label for sensitive and rapid detection of serum HER2. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21792. [PMID: 38066021 PMCID: PMC10709618 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48838-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The accurate detection of Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) as a critical breast cancer biomarker can be essential for the early selection of therapeutic approaches. HER2 is a prominent component of a signaling network. Overexpression of the HER2 protein due to amplification of its gene leads to the development of an aggressive subtype of breast cancer. Patients with tumors that overexpress HER2 are eligible for treatment that significantly reduces mortality rates. Herein, we present a fast and simple method for detecting serum HER2. A new electrochemical label has been developed using charged Ag nanorod@ polyethylenimine-Ag (Ag NR@ PEI-Ag) nanohybrid. The synthesized Ag NR@PEI-Ag nanohybrid simultaneously has the electroactive property of silver and the large surface area of the PEI, which results in the enhancement of the detection signal. So, using Ag NR@PEI-Ag nanohybrid as the electrochemical label, a simple, fast, and sensitive electrochemical biosensor was designed to detect HER2. This way, after immobilizing HER2 aptamer on the Au electrode surface, HER2 or human serum was exposed to the aptamer. Then, the positively charged Ag NR@PEI-Ag nanohybrid was adsorbed onto the negatively charged aptamer-HER2 complex, and the current that was produced due to the Ag/AgCl reaction was measured as the electrochemical signal. The aptasensor shows a broad linear response from 10-12 to 10-7 g, a low detection limit (LOD) of 10 pg, and a total assay time of ~ 30 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hakimian
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd, 89195-741, Iran
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Er Zeybekler S. Polydopamine-coated hexagonal boron nitride-based electrochemical immunosensing of T-Tau as a marker of Alzheimer's disease. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 154:108552. [PMID: 37651881 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex pathological process that is one of the leading causes of dementia globally. The demand for diagnostic tools that are minimally invasive, timely, and accurate is on the rise. Total tau (T-Tau) protein in blood serum is a promising biomarker for predicting early-stage AD diagnosis. In this study, the hexagonal boron nitride (HBN) based immunosensor platform was developed to detect T-Tau in artificial blood serum. After the exfoliation of HBN, its surface was coated with polydopamine (PDA) in alkaline conditions. The Anti-T-Tau was immobilized on a hydrophilic nanocomposite surface using PDA's reactive catechol and quinone groups, eliminating the need for extra crosslinkers. The working electrode surface of the screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) was coated with HBN-PDA nanocomposite using the drop-casting method. The biofunctional surface was created by directly immobilizing Anti-T-Tau on the HBN-PDA nanocomposite-modified SPCE. The analytical performance of the HBN-PDA/Anti-T-Tau/T-Tau immunosensor in the presence of T-Tau isoforms was determined through electrochemical measurements. The linear detection range was 1-30 pg/mL with a detection limit of 0.42 pg/mL for T-Tau, which is suitable for detecting T-Tau in the blood serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simge Er Zeybekler
- Ege University, Faculty of Science Biochemistry Department, 35100 Bornova-Izmir, Turkey
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Olorundare FOG, Sipuka DS, Sebokolodi TI, Kodama T, Arotiba OA, Nkosi D. An electrochemical immunosensor for an alpha-fetoprotein cancer biomarker on a carbon black/palladium hybrid nanoparticles platform. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:3577-3585. [PMID: 37458385 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00702b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The early detection of cancer is a key step in cancer survival. Thus, there is a need to develop low-cost technologies, such as electrochemical immunosensor technologies, for timely screening and diagnostics. The discovery of alpha-feto protein (AFP) as a tumour-associated antigen lends AFP as a biomarker for cancer detection and monitoring. Thus, immunosensors can be developed to target AFP in cancer diagnostics. Hence, we report the application of a hybrid nanocomposite of carbon black nanoparticles (CBNPs) and palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) as a platform for the electrochemical immunosensing of cancer biomarkers. The hybrid carbon-metal nanomaterials were immobilised by using the drop-drying and electrodeposition technique on a glassy carbon electrode, followed by the immobilisation of the anti-AFP to fabricate an immunosensor. The nanoparticles were characterised with electron microscopy, voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Square wave voltammetry (SWV) and EIS were used to study the immunosensor signal toward the bio-recognition of the AFP cancer biomarker. The hybrid nanoparticles enhanced the immunosensor performance. A linear detection range from 0.005 to 1000 ng mL-1 with low detection limits of 0.0039 ng mL-1 and 0.0131 ng mL-1 were calculated for SWV and EIS, respectively. The immunosensor demonstrated good stability, reproducibility, and selectivity. Its real-life application potential was tested with detection in human serum matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foluke O G Olorundare
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Dimpo S Sipuka
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tsholofelo I Sebokolodi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tetsuya Kodama
- Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cancer, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Omotayo A Arotiba
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Duduzile Nkosi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
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Sharma A, Angnes L, Sattarahmady N, Negahdary M, Heli H. Electrochemical Immunosensors Developed for Amyloid-Beta and Tau Proteins, Leading Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:742. [PMID: 37504140 PMCID: PMC10377038 DOI: 10.3390/bios13070742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurological disease and a serious cause of dementia, which constitutes a threat to human health. The clinical evidence has found that extracellular amyloid-beta peptides (Aβ), phosphorylated tau (p-tau), and intracellular tau proteins, which are derived from the amyloid precursor protein (APP), are the leading biomarkers for accurate and early diagnosis of AD due to their central role in disease pathology, their correlation with disease progression, their diagnostic value, and their implications for therapeutic interventions. Their detection and monitoring contribute significantly to understanding AD and advancing clinical care. Available diagnostic techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET), are mainly used to validate AD diagnosis. However, these methods are expensive, yield results that are difficult to interpret, and have common side effects such as headaches, nausea, and vomiting. Therefore, researchers have focused on developing cost-effective, portable, and point-of-care alternative diagnostic devices to detect specific biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and other biofluids. In this review, we summarized the recent progress in developing electrochemical immunosensors for detecting AD biomarkers (Aβ and p-tau protein) and their subtypes (AβO, Aβ(1-40), Aβ(1-42), t-tau, cleaved-tau (c-tau), p-tau181, p-tau231, p-tau381, and p-tau441). We also evaluated the key characteristics and electrochemical performance of developed immunosensing platforms, including signal interfaces, nanomaterials or other signal amplifiers, biofunctionalization methods, and even primary electrochemical sensing performances (i.e., sensitivity, linear detection range, the limit of detection (LOD), and clinical application).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Sharma
- Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lúcio Angnes
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Naghmeh Sattarahmady
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoud Negahdary
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Hossein Heli
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Turan HE, Medetalibeyoglu H, Polat İ, Yola BB, Atar N, Yola ML. Graphene quantum dots incorporated NiAl 2O 4 nanocomposite based molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for 5-hydroxymethyl furfural detection in coffee samples. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:1932-1938. [PMID: 37013684 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00382e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
5-Hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) is an intermediate produced by dehydrating sugars, such as fructose, sucrose, and glucose, in an acidic medium or during the Maillard reaction. It also occurs due to the storage of sugary foods at inappropriate temperatures. In addition, HMF is seen as a quality criterion in products. In this study, a novel molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor based on graphene quantum dots incorporated NiAl2O4 (GQDs-NiAl2O4) nanocomposite was presented for the selective determination of HMF in coffee samples. Various microscopic, spectroscopic, and electrochemical methods were carried out for the structural characterizations of GQDs-NiAl2O4 nanocomposite. The molecularly imprinted sensor was prepared by multi-scanning using cyclic voltammetry (CV) in the presence of 100.0 mM pyrrole monomer and 25.0 mM HMF. After method optimization, the sensor revealed linearity towards HMF in the range of 1.0-10.0 ng L-1 with a detection limit (LOD) of 0.30 ng L-1. The developed MIP sensor's high repeatability, selectivity, stability, and fast response ability can provide reliable HMF detection in beverages, such as coffee, which is heavily consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Ebrar Turan
- Hasan Kalyoncu University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gaziantep, Turkey.
| | - Hilal Medetalibeyoglu
- Kafkas University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Chemistry, Kars, Turkey
| | - İlknur Polat
- Hasan Kalyoncu University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gaziantep, Turkey.
| | - Bahar Bankoğlu Yola
- Gaziantep Islam Science and Technology University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Engineering Basic Sciences, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Necip Atar
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Lütfi Yola
- Hasan Kalyoncu University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gaziantep, Turkey.
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Akond US, Mahanta A, Jasimuddin S. CuO nanoleaf and β-cyclodextrin functionalized reduced graphene oxide: a highly selective and sensitive electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous detection of 2-chlorophenol and 2, 4-dichlorophenol. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:436-444. [PMID: 36651234 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01887j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophenols are considered priority pollutants and are harmful to humans and the environment; consequently, sensitive, and selective detection of chlorophenols is very significant. In the present article, a glassy carbon electrode was modified by copper oxide nanoleaves, β-cyclodextrin, and reduced graphene oxide through an electrostatic self-assembly method (CuO NLs-β-CD-rGO-GCE) and successfully utilized for the selective and sensitive detection of 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP). The modified electrodes were characterized by using SEM, EDX, ATR-FTIR, CV, and EIS. The electrochemical behaviour of 2-CP and 2,4 DCP on different modified electrodes was investigated by cyclic voltammetry whereas differential pulse voltammetry was used for the quantitative determination of chlorophenols. Under the optimized conditions, the anodic peak current displayed a good linear relationship to concentration in the range of 5 to 50 μM for 2-CP and 5 to 30 μM for 2,4-DCP, with detection limits of 0.22 nM and 0.52 nM, respectively. Moreover the proposed sensor exhibited good reproducibility, high sensitivity, and long term stability. To further study the practical applicability of the newly developed sensor, the modified electrode was successfully used to determine 2-CP and 2,4-DCP in a water sample with good recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umme Solaem Akond
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar, Assam-788011, India.
| | - Abhinandan Mahanta
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar, Assam-788011, India.
| | - Sk Jasimuddin
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar, Assam-788011, India.
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Liu Y, Liu X, Li M, Liu Q, Xu T. Portable Vertical Graphene@Au-Based Electrochemical Aptasensing Platform for Point-of-Care Testing of Tau Protein in the Blood. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12080564. [PMID: 35892461 PMCID: PMC9331743 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a long-term neurodegenerative disease that poses a serious threat to human life and health. It is very important to develop a portable quantitative device for AD diagnosis and personal healthcare. Herein, we develop a portable electrochemical sensing platform for the point-of-care detection of AD biomarkers in the blood. Such a portable platform integrates nanoAu-modified vertical graphene (VG@Au) into a working electrode, which can significantly improve sensitivity and reduce detection limit due to the large specific surface, excellent electrical conductivity, high stability, and good biocompatibility. The tau protein, as an important factor in the course of AD, is selected as a key AD biomarker. The results show that the linear range of this sensing platform is 0.1 pg/mL to 1 ng/mL, with a detection limit of 0.034 pg/mL (S/N = 3), indicating that this portable sensing platform meets the demand for the detection of the tau protein in the blood. This work offers great potential for AD diagnosis and personal healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibiao Liu
- Longgang District Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518116, China; (Y.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Xingyun Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
| | - Mifang Li
- Longgang District Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518116, China; (Y.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Qiong Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (T.X.)
| | - Tailin Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (T.X.)
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Riaz U, Nabi N, Pointer I, Kumar A, Taylor DK. Recent advances in the utilization of polyaniline in protein detection: a short review. RSC Adv 2022; 12:32885-32897. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05893f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Attachment of biomolecules to polyaniline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ufana Riaz
- Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Carolina Central University, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Nuzhat Nabi
- Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - India Pointer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Carolina Central University, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Amit Kumar
- Theory & Simulation Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Darlene. K. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Carolina Central University, NC, 27707, USA
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