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Sipuka D, Olorundare FOG, Makaluza S, Midzi N, Sebokolodi TI, Arotiba OA, Nkosi D. Dendrimer-Gold Nanocomposite-Based Electrochemical Aptasensor for the Detection of Dopamine. ACS Omega 2023; 8:33403-33411. [PMID: 37744816 PMCID: PMC10515171 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter and biomarker that plays a vital role in our neurological system and body. Thus, it is important to monitor the concentration levels of dopamine in our bodies. We report an aptamer-based sensor fabricated through an electro-co-deposition of a generation 3 poly(propylene imine) (PPI) dendrimer and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on a glassy carbon (GC) electrode by cyclic voltammetry. Through self-assembly, a single-stranded thiolated dopamine aptamer was immobilized on the GC/PPI/AuNPs electrode to prepare an aptasensor. Voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to characterize the modified electrodes. The readout for the biorecognition event between the aptamer and various dopamine concentrations was attained from square wave voltammetry and EIS. The aptasensor detected dopamine from the range of 10-200 nM, with a limit of detection of 0.26 and 0.011 nM from SWV and EIS, respectively. The aptasensor was selective toward dopamine when different amounts of epinephrine and ascorbic acid were present. The aptasensor was applicable in a more complex matrix of human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimpo
S. Sipuka
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028 Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre
for Nanomaterials Science Research, University
of Johannesburg, 2028 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Foluke O. G. Olorundare
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sesethu Makaluza
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028 Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre
for Nanomaterials Science Research, University
of Johannesburg, 2028 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nyasha Midzi
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tsholofelo I. Sebokolodi
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028 Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre
for Nanomaterials Science Research, University
of Johannesburg, 2028 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Omotayo A. Arotiba
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028 Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre
for Nanomaterials Science Research, University
of Johannesburg, 2028 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Duduzile Nkosi
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028 Johannesburg, South Africa
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Olorundare FOG, Sipuka DS, Sebokolodi TI, Kodama T, Arotiba OA, Nkosi D. An electrochemical immunosensor for an alpha-fetoprotein cancer biomarker on a carbon black/palladium hybrid nanoparticles platform. Anal Methods 2023; 15:3577-3585. [PMID: 37458385 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00702b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The early detection of cancer is a key step in cancer survival. Thus, there is a need to develop low-cost technologies, such as electrochemical immunosensor technologies, for timely screening and diagnostics. The discovery of alpha-feto protein (AFP) as a tumour-associated antigen lends AFP as a biomarker for cancer detection and monitoring. Thus, immunosensors can be developed to target AFP in cancer diagnostics. Hence, we report the application of a hybrid nanocomposite of carbon black nanoparticles (CBNPs) and palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) as a platform for the electrochemical immunosensing of cancer biomarkers. The hybrid carbon-metal nanomaterials were immobilised by using the drop-drying and electrodeposition technique on a glassy carbon electrode, followed by the immobilisation of the anti-AFP to fabricate an immunosensor. The nanoparticles were characterised with electron microscopy, voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Square wave voltammetry (SWV) and EIS were used to study the immunosensor signal toward the bio-recognition of the AFP cancer biomarker. The hybrid nanoparticles enhanced the immunosensor performance. A linear detection range from 0.005 to 1000 ng mL-1 with low detection limits of 0.0039 ng mL-1 and 0.0131 ng mL-1 were calculated for SWV and EIS, respectively. The immunosensor demonstrated good stability, reproducibility, and selectivity. Its real-life application potential was tested with detection in human serum matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foluke O G Olorundare
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Dimpo S Sipuka
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tsholofelo I Sebokolodi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tetsuya Kodama
- Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cancer, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Omotayo A Arotiba
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Duduzile Nkosi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
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Nkwachukwu OV, Muzenda C, Jayeola KD, Sebokolodi TI, Sipuka DS, Cretin M, Zhou M, Nkosi D, Arotiba OA. Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue on Electrodeposited Bismuth Ferrite Perovskite Films. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:2769. [PMID: 37049063 PMCID: PMC10095613 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Electrodeposited bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) thin films on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate were employed as photoanodes in the photoelectrocatalytic degradation of methylene blue. The BiFeO3 thin films electrodeposited for 300 s, 600 s, 1200 s, 1800 s and 3600 s were characterised with XRD, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. SEM images displayed different morphology at different electrodeposition times which affects the photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) performances. The FESEM cross-sectional area was used to measure the thickness of the film. The optical properties showed that the band gaps of the photoanodes were increasing as the electrodeposition time increased. The photocurrent response obtained showed that all thin film photoanodes responded to visible light and lower charge transfer resistance (from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies) was observed with photoanodes electrodeposited at a shorter time compared to those at a longer time. The PEC application of the photoanode for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye in water showed that the percentage degradation decreased with an increase in electrodeposition time with removal rates of 97.6% and 70% observed in 300 s and 3600 s electrodeposition time, respectively. The extent of mineralisation was measured by total organic carbon and reusability studies were carried out. Control experiments such as adsorption, photolysis, photocatalysis and electrocatalysis processes were also investigated in comparison with PEC. The electrodeposition approach with citric acid exhibited improved electrode stability while mitigating the problem of catalyst leaching or peeling off during the PEC process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluchi V. Nkwachukwu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Charles Muzenda
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Kehinde D. Jayeola
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Tsholofelo I. Sebokolodi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Dimpo S. Sipuka
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Marc Cretin
- IEM (Institute Européen des Membranes), UMR 5635, CNRS, ENSCM, UM, Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
| | - Minghua Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Duduzile Nkosi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Omotayo A. Arotiba
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
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Sebokolodi TI, Sipuka DS, Muzenda C, Nkwachukwu OV, Nkosi D, Arotiba OA. Electrochemical detection of nicotine at a carbon Nanofiber-Poly(amidoamine) dendrimer modified glassy carbon electrode. Chemosphere 2022; 303:134961. [PMID: 35577133 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Development of electrochemical sensors for important drugs such nicotine (an addictive drug) is important for the society. This study reports the electrochemical detection of nicotine at a carbon nanofiber/poly (amidoamine) dendrimer modified glassy carbon electrode. The carbon nanofiber (CNF) modified GCE was prepared by drop-coating followed by the electrodeposition of generation 4 poly (amidoamine) succinamic acid dendrimer (PAMAM) to form the sensor - CNF-PAMAM GCE. Characterization of prepared materials and modified electrodes was carried out using Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The CNF-PAMAM composite was confirmed by microscopy. A marked reduction in charge transfer resistance and increase in current of the CNF-PAMAM GCE in comparison to the bare electrode showed a synergic improvement electrochemical response because of the CNF-PAMAM nanocomposite. The CNF-PAMAM demonstrated an enhanced performance in the oxidation of nicotine in comparison to the bare GCE by shifting the anodic potential Epa of nicotine from 0.9 V to 0.8 V. The electrochemical sensor achieved a detection limit (LOD) of 0.02637 μM in the concentration range of 0.4815-15.41 μM of nicotine in 0.1 M PBS at pH 7.5. The sensor ability to determine nicotine in real samples was assessed in cigarettes obtaining recovery percentages of 88.00 and 97.42%. The sensor demonstrated selectivity toward nicotine in the presence of interferences. Finally, the method was validated by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsholofelo I Sebokolodi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Dimpo S Sipuka
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Charles Muzenda
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Oluchi V Nkwachukwu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Duduzile Nkosi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Omotayo A Arotiba
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa; Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Tsekeli TR, Sebokolodi TI, Sipuka DS, Olorundare FO, Akanji SP, Nkosi D, Arotiba OA. A poly (propylene imine) dendrimer – Carbon nanofiber based aptasensor for bisphenol A in water. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Tsekeli TR, Tshwenya L, Sebokolodi TI, Ndlovu T, Arotiba OA. An Electrochemical Aptamer Biosensor for Bisphenol A on a Carbon Nanofibre‐silver Nanoparticle Immobilisation Platform. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tebogo R. Tsekeli
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Johannesburg Doornfontein 2028 South Africa
| | - Luthando Tshwenya
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Johannesburg Doornfontein 2028 South Africa
| | | | - Thabile Ndlovu
- Department of Chemistry University of Eswatini Kwaluseni M201 Eswatini
| | - Omotayo A. Arotiba
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Johannesburg Doornfontein 2028 South Africa
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research University of Johannesburg Johannesburg 2028 South Africa
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Tsekeli T, Sebokolodi TI, Karimi-Maleh H, Arotiba OA. A Silver-Loaded Exfoliated Graphite Nanocomposite Anti-Fouling Electrochemical Sensor for Bisphenol A in Thermal Paper Samples. ACS Omega 2021; 6:9401-9409. [PMID: 33869920 PMCID: PMC8047760 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized separately and loaded onto the expanded layers of exfoliated graphite (EG) to form a silver nanoparticle-exfoliated graphite nanocomposite (AgNPs-EG). The AgNPs-EG was compressed into a pellet (0.6 cm in diameter) and used to prepare an electrochemical sensor for bisphenol A (BPA) in standard samples and in thermal paper. The synthesized materials were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray. The electrochemical behavior of BPA on the AgNPs-EG sensor was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry. Under optimized experimental conditions, the oxidation peak current was linearly proportional to bisphenol A concentrations in the range from 5.0 to100 μM, with a coefficient of determination (R2 ) of 0.9981. The obtained limit of detection of the method was 0.23 μM. The fabricated sensor was able to overcome electrode fouling with good reproducibility (RSD = 2.62%, n = 5) by mechanical polishing of the electrode on emery paper. The proposed method was successfully applied to determine bisphenol A in thermal paper samples and demonstrated good accuracy of 93.1 to 113% recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tebogo
R. Tsekeli
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Tsholofelo I. Sebokolodi
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Hassan Karimi-Maleh
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
- University
of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Omotayo A. Arotiba
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
- Centre
for Nanomaterials Science Research, University
of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
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