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Kovács L. From Peptide Nucleic Acids to Supramolecular Structures of Nucleic Acid Derivatives. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202200203. [PMID: 36251934 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acids play a pivotal role in life processes. The endeavours to shed light on the essential properties of these intriguing building blocks led us to the synthesis of different analogues and the investigation of their properties. First various peptide nucleic acid monomers and oligomers have been synthesized, using an Fmoc/acyl protecting group strategy, and their properties studied. The serendipitous discovery of a side reaction of coupling agents led us to the elaboration of a peptide sequencing method. The capricious behaviour of guanine derivatives spurred the determination of their substitution pattern using 13 C, 15 N NMR, and mass spectrometric methods. The properties of guanines initiated the logical transition to the study of supramolecular systems composed of purine analogues. Thus, xanthine and uracil derivatives have been obtained and their supramolecular self-assembly properties scrutinized in gas, solid, and liquid states and at solid-liquid interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lajos Kovács
- University of Szeged, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, H-6720, Szeged, Dóm tér 8, Hungary
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2
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Heemskerk AAM, Deelder AM, Mayboroda OA. CE-ESI-MS for bottom-up proteomics: Advances in separation, interfacing and applications. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2016; 35:259-271. [PMID: 24852088 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
With the development of more sensitive hyphenation strategies for capillary electrophoresis-electrospray-mass spectrometry the technique has reemerged as technique with high separation power combined with high sensitivity in the analysis of peptides and protein digests. This review will discuss the newly developed hyphenation strategies for CE-ESI-MS and their application in bottom-up proteomics as well as the applications in the same time span, 2009 to present, using co-axial sheathliquid. Subsequently all separate aspects in the development of a CE-ESI-MS method for bottom-up proteomics shall be discussed, highlighting certain applications and discussing pros and cons of the various choices. The separation of peptides in a capillary electrophoresis system is discussed including the great potential for modeling of this migration of peptides due to the simple electrophoretic separation process. Furthermore, the technical aspects of method development are discussed, namely; background electrolyte choice, coating of the separation capillary and chosen loading method. Finally, conclusions and an outlook on future developments in the field of bottom-up proteomics by CE-ESI-MS will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthonius A M Heemskerk
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300, RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - André M Deelder
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300, RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Oleg A Mayboroda
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300, RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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3
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Abstract
Metabolomics is an analytical toolbox to describe (all) low-molecular-weight compounds in a biological system, as cells, tissues, urine, and feces, as well as in serum and plasma. To analyze such complex biological samples, high requirements on the analytical technique are needed due to the high variation in compound physico-chemistry (cholesterol derivatives, amino acids, fatty acids as SCFA, MCFA, or LCFA, or pathway-related metabolites belonging to each individual organism) and concentration dynamic range. All main separation techniques (LC-MS, GC-MS) are applied in routine to metabolomics hyphenated or not to mass spectrometry, and capillary electrophoresis is a powerful high-resolving technique but still underused in this field of complex samples. Metabolomics can be performed in the non-targeted way to gain an overview on metabolite profiles in biological samples. Targeted metabolomics is applied to analyze quantitatively pre-selected metabolites. This chapter reviews the use of capillary electrophoresis in the field of metabolomics and exemplifies solutions in metabolite profiling and analysis in urine and plasma.
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4
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Posch TN, Pütz M, Martin N, Huhn C. Electromigrative separation techniques in forensic science: combining selectivity, sensitivity, and robustness. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:23-58. [PMID: 25381613 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8271-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this review we introduce the advantages and limitations of electromigrative separation techniques in forensic toxicology. We thus present a summary of illustrative studies and our own experience in the field together with established methods from the German Federal Criminal Police Office rather than a complete survey. We focus on the analytical aspects of analytes' physicochemical characteristics (e.g. polarity, stereoisomers) and analytical challenges including matrix tolerance, separation from compounds present in large excess, sample volumes, and orthogonality. For these aspects we want to reveal the specific advantages over more traditional methods. Both detailed studies and profiling and screening studies are taken into account. Care was taken to nearly exclusively document well-validated methods outstanding for the analytical challenge discussed. Special attention was paid to aspects exclusive to electromigrative separation techniques, including the use of the mobility axis, the potential for on-site instrumentation, and the capillary format for immunoassays. The review concludes with an introductory guide to method development for different separation modes, presenting typical buffer systems as starting points for different analyte classes. The objective of this review is to provide an orientation for users in separation science considering using capillary electrophoresis in their laboratory in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjorben Nils Posch
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, Analytics ZEA-3, 52425, Jülich, Germany
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5
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Magi E, Tanwar S. 'Extreme mass spectrometry': the role of mass spectrometry in the study of the Antarctic environment. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:1071-1085. [PMID: 25395123 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A focus on the studies of the Antarctic environment that have been performed by mass spectrometry is presented herein; our aim is to give evidence of the essential role of this instrumental technique in the framework of the scientific research in Antarctica, with a comprehensive review on the main literature of the last two decades. Due to the wideness of the topic, the present review is limited to the determination of organic pollutants, natural molecules and biomarkers in Antarctica, thus excluding elemental analysis and studies on inorganic species. The work has been divided into five sections, on the basis of the considered environmental compartment: air; ice and snow; seawater, pack ice and lakes; soil and sediments; and organisms and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Magi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146, Genoa, Italy
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6
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de Moraes JA, Carrilho E, Assunção NA. Homemade Capillary Electrophoresis Coupled to a Mass Spectrometer. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.864982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Janderson Aparecido de Moraes
- a Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra. Diadema , Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Química e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Emanuel Carrilho
- b Instituto de Química de São Carlos , Universidade de São Paulo , São Carlos , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Nilson Antonio Assunção
- a Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra. Diadema , Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Química e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
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7
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Robledo VR, Smyth WF. Review of the CE-MS platform as a powerful alternative to conventional couplings in bio-omics and target-based applications. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:2292-308. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Rodríguez Robledo
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology; University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM); Albacete Spain
| | - William Franklin Smyth
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Ulster; Coleraine Northern Ireland UK
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Stalmach A, Albalat A, Mullen W, Mischak H. Recent advances in capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry for clinical proteomic applications. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:1452-64. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angelique Stalmach
- Department of Proteomics and Systems Medicine; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences; College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Glasgow; UK
| | - Amaya Albalat
- Department of Proteomics and Systems Medicine; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences; College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Glasgow; UK
| | - William Mullen
- Department of Proteomics and Systems Medicine; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences; College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Glasgow; UK
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Maráková K, Piešt'anský J, Veizerová L, Galba J, Dokupilová S, Havránek E, Mikuš P. Multidrug analysis of pharmaceutical and urine matrices by on-line coupled capillary electrophoresis and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:1805-16. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Maráková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava Slovak Republic
| | - Juraj Piešt'anský
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava Slovak Republic
| | - Lucia Veizerová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava Slovak Republic
| | - Jaroslav Galba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava Slovak Republic
| | - Svetlana Dokupilová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava Slovak Republic
| | - Emil Havránek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Mikuš
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava Slovak Republic
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Ramautar R, Heemskerk AAM, Hensbergen PJ, Deelder AM, Busnel JM, Mayboroda OA. CE-MS for proteomics: Advances in interface development and application. J Proteomics 2012; 75:3814-28. [PMID: 22609513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) has emerged as a powerful technique for the analysis of proteins and peptides. Over the past few years, significant progress has been made in the development of novel and more effective interfaces for hyphenating CE to MS. This review provides an overview of these new interfacing techniques for coupling CE to MS, covering the scientific literature from January 2007 to December 2011. The potential of these new CE-MS interfacing techniques is demonstrated within the field of (clinical) proteomics, more specifically "bottom-up" proteomics, by showing examples of the analysis of various biological samples. The relevant papers on CE-MS for proteomics are comprehensively summarized in tables, including, e.g. information on sample type and pretreatment, interfacing and MS detection mode. Finally, general conclusions and future perspectives are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawi Ramautar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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11
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Gerardi AR, Lin X, Breitbach ZS, Armstrong DW, Colyer CL. CE-ESI-MS separation of divalent organic and inorganic anions using a tricationic complexing reagent. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:734-40. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Breadmore MC. Capillary and microchip electrophoresis: Challenging the common conceptions. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1221:42-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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13
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Hommerson P, Khan AM, de Jong GJ, Somsen GW. Ionization techniques in capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry: principles, design, and application. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:1096-1120. [PMID: 21462232 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A major step forward in the development and application of capillary electrophoresis (CE) was its coupling to ESI-MS, first reported in 1987. More than two decades later, ESI has remained the principal ionization technique in CE-MS, but a number of other ionization techniques have also been implemented. In this review the state-of-the-art in the employment of soft ionization techniques for CE-MS is presented. First the fundamentals and general challenges of hyphenating conventional CE and microchip electrophoresis with MS are outlined. After elaborating on the characteristics and role of ESI, emphasis is put on alternative ionization techniques including sonic spray ionization (SSI), thermospray ionization (TSI), atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI), matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) and continuous-flow fast atom bombardment (CF-FAB). The principle of each ionization technique is outlined and the experimental set-ups of the CE-MS couplings are described. The strengths and limitations of each ionization technique with respect to CE-MS are discussed and the applicability of the various systems is illustrated by a number of typical examples.
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MESH Headings
- Electrophoresis, Capillary/instrumentation
- Electrophoresis, Capillary/methods
- Equipment Design/instrumentation
- Equipment Design/methods
- Pharmaceutical Preparations/analysis
- Pharmaceutical Preparations/chemistry
- Proteins/analysis
- Proteins/chemistry
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/instrumentation
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methods
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/instrumentation
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hommerson
- Department of Biomedical Analysis, Utrecht University, PO Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Dwivedi P, Puzon G, Tam M, Langlais D, Jackson S, Kaplan K, Siems WF, Schultz AJ, Xun L, Woods A, Hill HH. Metabolic profiling of Escherichia coli by ion mobility-mass spectrometry with MALDI ion source. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2010; 45:1383-93. [PMID: 20967735 PMCID: PMC3012737 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive metabolome analysis using mass spectrometry (MS) often results in a complex mass spectrum and difficult data analysis resulting from the signals of numerous small molecules in the metabolome. In addition, MS alone has difficulty measuring isobars and chiral, conformational and structural isomers. When a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) source is added, the difficulty and complexity are further increased. Signal interference between analyte signals and matrix ion signals produced by MALDI in the low mass region (<1500 Da) cause detection and/or identification of metabolites difficult by MS alone. However, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) coupled with MS (IM-MS) provides a rapid analytical tool for measuring subtle structural differences in chemicals. IMS separates gas-phase ions based on their size-to-charge ratio. This study, for the first time, reports the application of MALDI to the measurement of small molecules in a biological matrix by ion mobility-time of flight mass spectrometry (IM-TOFMS) and demonstrates the advantage of ion-signal dispersion in the second dimension. Qualitative comparisons between metabolic profiling of the Escherichia coli metabolome by MALDI-TOFMS, MALDI-IM-TOFMS and electrospray ionization (ESI)-IM-TOFMS are reported. Results demonstrate that mobility separation prior to mass analysis increases peak-capacity through added dimensionality in measurement. Mobility separation also allows detection of metabolites in the matrix-ion dominated low-mass range (m/z < 1500 Da) by separating matrix signals from non-matrix signals in mobility space.
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Gu C, Shamsi SA. CEC-atmospheric pressure ionization MS of pesticides using a surfactant-bound monolithic column. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:1162-1174. [PMID: 20349511 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A surfactant bound poly (11-acrylaminoundecanoic acid-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolithic column was simply prepared by in situ co-polymerization of 11-acrylaminoundecanoic acid and ethylene dimethacrylate with 1-propanol, 1,4-butanediol and water as porogens in 100 microm id fused-silica capillary in one step. This column was used in CEC-atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI)-MS system for separation and detection of N-methylcarbamates pesticides. Numerous parameters are optimized for CEC-APPI-MS. After evaluation of the mobile phase composition, sheath liquid composition and the monolithic capillary outlet position, a fractional factorial design was selected as a screening procedure to identify factors of ionization source parameters, such as sheath liquid flow rate, drying gas flow rate, drying gas temperature, nebulizing gas pressure, vaporizer temperature and capillary voltage, which significantly influence APPI-MS sensitivity. A face-centered central composite design was further utilized to optimize the most significant parameters and predict the best sensitivity. Under optimized conditions, S/Ns around 78 were achieved for an injection of 100 ng/mL of each pesticide. Finally, this CEC-APPI-MS method was successfully applied to the analysis of nine N-methylcarbamates in spiked apple juice sample after solid phase extraction with recoveries in the range of 65-109%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congying Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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Gaspar A, Harir M, Hertkorn N, Schmitt-Kopplin P. Preparative free-flow electrophoretic offline ESI-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance/MS analysis of Suwannee River fulvic acid. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:2070-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Maxwell EJ, Zhong X, Zhang H, van Zeijl N, Chen DDY. Decoupling CE and ESI for a more robust interface with MS. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:1130-1137. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Bytzek AK, Reithofer MR, Galanski M, Groessl M, Keppler BK, Hartinger CG. The first example of MEEKC-ICP-MS coupling and its application for the analysis of anticancer platinum complexes. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:1144-1150. [PMID: 20349510 PMCID: PMC3512080 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
MEEKC is a powerful electrodriven separation technique with many applications in different disciplines, including medicinal chemistry; however, up to now the coupling to highly sensitive and selective MS detectors was limited due to the ion suppressive effect of the commonly used surfactant SDS. Herein, the first example of the coupling of MEEKC to ICP-MS is presented and an MEEKC method for the separation of Pt(II) and Pt(IV) anticancer drugs and drug candidates was developed. Different compositions of microemulsions were evaluated and the data were compared with those collected with standard ultraviolet/visible (UV/vis) spectroscopy detection. The MEEKC-ICP-MS system was found to be more sensitive than MEEKC-UV/vis and the analysis of UV/vis silent compounds is now achievable. The migration behavior of the Pt(II) and Pt(IV) compounds under investigation is correlated to their different chemical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. Bytzek
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael R. Reithofer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Galanski
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Groessl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard K. Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian G. Hartinger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Klepárník K, Otevřel M. Analyte transport in liquid junction nano-electrospray interface between capillary electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:879-85. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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20
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Mikus P, Maráková K. Advanced CE for chiral analysis of drugs, metabolites, and biomarkers in biological samples. Electrophoresis 2010; 30:2773-802. [PMID: 19653234 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
An analysis of recent trends indicates that CE can show real advantages over chromatographic methods in ultratrace enantioselective determination of biologically active compounds in complex biological matrices. It is due to high separation efficiency and many applicable in-capillary electromigration effects in CE (countercurrent migration, stacking effects) enhancing significantly (enantio)separability and enabling effective sample preparation (preconcentration, purification, analyte derivatization). Other possible on-line combinations of CE, such as column coupled CE-CE techniques and implementation of nonelectrophoretic techniques (extraction, membrane filtration, flow injection) into CE, offer additional approaches for highly effective sample preparation and separation. CE matured to a highly flexible and compatible technique enabling its hyphenation with powerful detection systems allowing extremely sensitive detection (e.g. LIF) and/or structural characterization of analytes (e.g. MS). Within the last decade, more as well as less conventional analytical on-line approaches have been effectively utilized in this field and their practical potentialities are demonstrated on many new application examples in this article. Here, three basic areas of (enantioselective) drug bioanalysis are highlighted and supported by a brief theoretical description of each individual approach in a compact review structure (to create integrated view on the topic), including (i) progressive enantioseparation approaches and new enantioselective agents, (ii) in-capillary sample preparation (preconcentration, purification, derivatization), and (iii) detection possibilities related to enhanced sensitivity and structural characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mikus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Rodríguez Robledo V, Smyth WF. The application of CE-MS in the trace analysis of environmental pollutants and food contaminants. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:1647-60. [PMID: 19378285 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this review, selected applications of CE-MS in recent years have been highlighted for the separation, detection and determination of environmental pollutants and food contaminants in selected samples. Trace analysis by CE-MS of analytes such as low molecular mass amines, nitroaromatics, alkylphosphonic acids, azo dyes, antidepressants, and antibiotic drugs, among others, in air, sediment and water samples have been reviewed. The CE-MS analysis of pesticides such as triazolopyrimidine sulphoanilides, different types of antibiotics (sulphonamides, beta-lactones, quinolones and tetracyclines) and other exogenous compounds such as acrylamide and toxic oligopeptides in food samples has also been reviewed. The review gives details on the fragmentations, where available, that the ionic species exhibit in-source and in ion trap, triple quadrupole and ToF MS analysers. A critical evaluation is also given of these recent CE-MS analytical methods for the separation, detection and determination of trace levels of such pollutants and contaminants with analytical information on the treatment of the samples, CE separation conditions, linearity ranges, LODs and recoveries from the different matrices presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Rodríguez Robledo
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Cuidad Real, Spain
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Huhn C, Ramautar R, Wuhrer M, Somsen GW. Relevance and use of capillary coatings in capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 396:297-314. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3193-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Revised: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Klampfl CW. CE with MS detection: A rapidly developing hyphenated technique. Electrophoresis 2009; 30 Suppl 1:S83-91. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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24
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Blasco C, Picó Y, Andreu V. Analytical method for simultaneous determination of pesticide and veterinary drug residues in milk by CE-MS. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:1698-707. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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Klampfl CW, Andersen L, Haunschmidt M, Himmelsbach M, Buchberger W. Analysis of melamine in milk powder by CZE using UV detection and hyphenation with ESI quadrupole/TOF MS detection. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:1743-6. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Hübner G, Lindner B. Separation of R-form lipopolysaccharide and lipid A by CE-Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance MS. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:1808-16. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Abstract
In the postgenomic era, proteomics has become a dominant field for identifying and quantifying the complex protein machinery of the cell. The expression levels, posttranslational modifications, and specific interactions of proteins control the biology of such processes as development, differentiation, and signal transduction. Studies of the proteins involved in these processes often lead to a better understanding of biology and of human disease. Powerful separation techniques and sensitive detection methods enable researchers to untangle these complicated networks of processes. CE coupled with either MS or LIF are two of the techniques that make this possible. This review will cover proven CE-based methods for proteomics on the cell and tissue level and their application in biological and clinical studies, relevant new developments in enabling technology such as microfluidic CE-MS demonstrated on model systems, and comment on the future of CE in proteomics.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Electrophoresis, Capillary/instrumentation
- Electrophoresis, Capillary/methods
- Humans
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Proteins/analysis
- Proteins/genetics
- Proteome/analysis
- Proteomics/methods
- Sequence Alignment
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/instrumentation
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methods
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/instrumentation
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan R Fonslow
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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28
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Weissinger EM, Dickinson AM. Immunogenomics and proteomics in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: predicting post-hematopoietic stem cell transplant complications. Cancer Treat Res 2009; 144:95-129. [PMID: 19779872 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-78580-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Weissinger
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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29
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Zürbig P, Schiffer E, Mischak H. Capillary Electrophoresis Coupled to Mass Spectrometry for Proteomic Profiling of Human Urine and Biomarker Discovery. Proteomics 2009; 564:105-21. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-157-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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30
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Xiayan L, Legido-Quigley C. Advances in separation science applied to metabonomics. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:3724-36. [PMID: 18850642 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Metabonomics focuses on metabolite profile changes in diverse living systems caused by a biological perturbation. These metabolite signatures can be achieved with techniques such as gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography (ultra-high-performance/pressure liquid chromatography and capHPLC), capillary electrophoresis, and capillary electrochromatography normally hyphenated with MS. In this review we present the latest developments of the abovementioned techniques applied in the field of metabonomics, with applications covering phytochemistry, toxicology and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiayan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, UK
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31
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Maxwell EJ, Chen DD. Twenty years of interface development for capillary electrophoresis–electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 627:25-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Revised: 06/13/2008] [Accepted: 06/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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32
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Amon S, Zamfir AD, Rizzi A. Glycosylation analysis of glycoproteins and proteoglycans using capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry strategies. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:2485-507. [PMID: 18512669 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights recent developments in glycosylation analysis by modern MS in combination with CE based preseparation. Focused on CE-MS strategies aimed for glycotyping, the review addresses the detailed glycoform analysis of glycoproteins, glycopeptides, and proteoglycans. Glycoform analysis in the context of modern glycoproteomics is briefly addressed, as well. CZE, CIEF, and frontal analysis CE approaches hyphenated to high-resolution multistage MS for the detailed analysis of protein-linked glycan structures are overviewed in a comprehensive way. Advantages and limitations of various methodological approaches and techniques as well as mass spectrometric instrumentation are discussed in the particular context of glycoanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Amon
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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33
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Hernández E, Benavente F, Sanz-Nebot V, Barbosa J. Evaluation of on-line solid phase extraction-capillary electrophoresis-electrospray-mass spectrometry for the analysis of neuropeptides in human plasma. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:3366-76. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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34
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Guzman NA, Blanc T, Phillips TM. Immunoaffinity capillary electrophoresis as a powerful strategy for the quantification of low-abundance biomarkers, drugs, and metabolites in biological matrices. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:3259-78. [PMID: 18646282 PMCID: PMC2659498 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years, there has been a greater appreciation by the scientific community of how separation science has contributed to the advancement of biomedical research. Despite past contributions in facilitating several biomedical breakthroughs, separation sciences still urgently need the development of improved methods for the separation and detection of biological and chemical substances. In particular, the challenging task of quantifying small molecules and biomolecules, found in low abundance in complex matrices (e.g., serum), is a particular area in need of new high-efficiency techniques. The tandem or on-line coupling of highly selective antibody capture agents with the high-resolving power of CE is being recognized as a powerful analytical tool for the enrichment and quantification of ultra-low abundance analytes in complex matrices. This development will have a significant impact on the identification and characterization of many putative biomarkers and on biomedical research in general. Immunoaffinity CE (IACE) technology is rapidly emerging as the most promising method for the analysis of low-abundance biomarkers; its power comes from a three-step procedure: (i) bioselective adsorption and (ii) subsequent recovery of compounds from an immobilized affinity ligand followed by (iii) separation of the enriched compounds. This technology is highly suited to automation and can be engineered to as a multiplex instrument capable of routinely performing hundreds of assays per day. Furthermore, a significant enhancement in sensitivity can be achieved for the purified and enriched affinity targeted analytes. Thus, a compound that exists in a complex biological matrix at a concentration far below its LOD is easily brought to well within its range of quantification. The present review summarizes several applications of IACE, as well as a chronological description of the improvements made in the fabrication of the analyte concentrator-microreactor device leading to the development of a multidimensional biomarker analyzer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norberto A Guzman
- Biomarker Laboratory, Princeton Biochemicals, Inc., Princeton, NJ 08543, USA.
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35
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Frommberger M, Englmann M, Schmitt-Kopplin P. Practical considerations for the analysis of ionic and neutral organic molecules with capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2008; 384:135-56. [PMID: 18392569 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-376-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This chapter presents the technique of capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry (CE/MS). The introductory section is targeted mainly at CE/MS beginners and notes briefly the theoretical background of electrospray ionization (ESI), the most commonly used ionization mode in CE/MS. The specifics of CE/MS are described--also in comparison with more classic methods like LC/MS. Important caveats to be taken into consideration for successful CE/MS operation are noted in the interest of avoiding pitfalls. CE/MS is illustrated with three representative examples, which might serve as starting points for more in-detail experiments: (1) partial-filling micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) of neutral bacterial signaling molecules (N-acylhomoserine lactones) extracted from culture supernatants, (2) capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) of their anionic degradation products, and finally (3) CZE separation of cationic hydroxy-s-triazines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Frommberger
- HelmholtzZentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Ecological Chemistry/Chemical BioGeoAnalysis, BioGeomics, Neuherberg, Germany
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36
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Herrero M, Ibañez E, Cifuentes A. Capillary electrophoresis-electrospray-mass spectrometry in peptide analysis and peptidomics. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:2148-60. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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37
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Schiffer E, Mischak H, Vanholder RC. Biomarkers for Renal Disease and Uremic Toxins. Clin Proteomics 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527622153.ch25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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38
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Gaspar A, Englmann M, Fekete A, Harir M, Schmitt-Kopplin P. Trends in CE-MS 2005–2006. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:66-79. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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39
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Abstract
The article brings a comprehensive survey of recent developments and applications of high-performance capillary electromigration methods, zone electrophoresis, ITP, IEF, affinity electrophoresis, EKC, and electrochromatography, to analysis, preparation, and physicochemical characterization of peptides. New approaches to the theoretical description and experimental verification of electromigration behavior of peptides and to methodology of their separations, such as sample preparation, adsorption suppression, and detection, are presented. Novel developments in individual CE and CEC modes are shown and several types of their applications to peptide analysis are presented: conventional qualitative and quantitative analysis, purity control, determination in biomatrices, monitoring of chemical and enzymatical reactions and physical changes, amino acid and sequence analysis, and peptide mapping of proteins. Some examples of micropreparative peptide separations are given and capabilities of CE and CEC techniques to provide important physicochemical characteristics of peptides are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Kasicka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
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40
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García-Cañas V, Cifuentes A. Recent advances in the application of capillary electromigration methods for food analysis. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:294-309. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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41
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Separation and quantitation of metal ions by 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol complexation in capillary electrophoresis–electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1179:17-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2007] [Revised: 09/14/2007] [Accepted: 09/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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18 Coupling CE and microchip-based devices with mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0149-6395(07)00018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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43
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Chapter 7 New Approaches in Mass Spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(08)00007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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44
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Mikšík I, Sedláková P, Mikulíková K, Eckhardt A, Kašička V. Comparison of CE-MS and LC-MS Analyses of Avian Eggshell Matrix Proteins. Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0480-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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45
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Hernández E, Benavente F, Sanz-Nebot V, Barbosa J. Analysis of opioid peptides by on-line SPE-CE-ESI-MS. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:3957-65. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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46
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Juan-García A, Font G, Picó Y. Simultaneous determination of different classes of antibiotics in fish and livestock by CE-MS. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:4180-91. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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47
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Kusý P, Klepárník K, Aturki Z, Fanali S, Foret F. Optimization of a pressurized liquid junction nanoelectrospray interface between CE and MS for reliable proteomic analysis. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:1964-9. [PMID: 17486659 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A pressurized liquid junction nanoelectrospray interface was designed and optimized for reliable on-line CE-MS coupling. The system was constructed as an integrated device for highly sensitive and selective analyses of proteins and peptides with the separation and spray capillaries fixed in a pressurized spray liquid reservoir equipped with the electrode for connection of the electrospray potential. The electrode chamber on the injection side of the separation capillary and the spray liquid reservoir were pneumatically connected by a Teflon tube filled with pressurized nitrogen. This arrangement provided precisely counterbalanced pressures at the inlet and outlet of the separation capillary. The pressure control system was driven by an electrically operated valve and maintained the optimum flow rate for the electrospray stability. All parts of the interface being in contact with the CEBGE, spray liquid and/or sample were made of glass or Teflon. The use of these materials minimized the electrospray chemical noise often caused by plastic softeners or material degradation. During optimization, the transfer of the separated zones between the separation and electrospray capillaries was monitored by UV absorbance and contactless conductivity detectors placed at the outlet of the separation capillary and inlet of the electrospray tip, respectively. This arrangement allowed independent monitoring of the effects of pressure, CE voltage and geometry of the liquid junction on the spreading and dilution of the separated zones after passage through the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Kusý
- Department of Bioanalytical Instrumentation, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
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48
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Theodorescu D, Mischak H. Mass spectrometry based proteomics in urine biomarker discovery. World J Urol 2007; 25:435-43. [PMID: 17703310 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-007-0206-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2007] [Accepted: 07/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
All organisms contain 1,000s of proteins and peptides in their body fluids, which undergo disease-specific changes. Advances in the understanding of the functional relevance of these polypeptides under different (patho)physiological conditions and the identification of indicative changes with disease would greatly enhance diagnosis and therapy. The low-molecular-weight proteome, also termed peptidome, provides a rich source of information. Due to its lower molecular weight, the peptidome can be assessed without the need for sample manipulation like tryptic digests. This advantage facilitates comparative analysis but it also raises technical challenges differing from those in proteomics. The first part of this manuscript, is focused on the low-molecular-weight urinary proteome and reviews methodological aspects of sample collection, preparation, analysis, and data evaluation. The second part summarizes the recent progress in the definition and identification of clinically relevant polypeptide markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Theodorescu
- Department of Molecular Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
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49
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Williams BJ, Cameron CJ, Workman R, Broeckling CD, Sumner LW, Smith JT. Amino acid profiling in plant cell cultures: an inter-laboratory comparison of CE-MS and GC-MS. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:1371-9. [PMID: 17377946 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A CE-MS method for metabolic profiling of amino acids was developed and used in an integrated functional genomics project to study the response of Medicago truncatula liquid suspension cell cultures to stress. This project required the analysis of more than 500 root cell culture extracts. The CE-MS method profiled 20 biologically important amino acids. The CE-MS method required no sample derivatization prior to injection and used minimal sample preparation. The method is described in terms of CE and MS operational parameters, reproducibility of migration times and response ratios, sample preparation, sample throughput, and reliability. This method was then compared with a previously published report that used GC-MS metabolic profiling for the same tissues. The data reveal a high level of similarity between the CE-MS and GC-MS amino acid profiling methods, thus supporting these as complementary technologies for metabolomics. We conclude that CE-MS is a valid alternative to GC-MS for targeted profiling of metabolites, such as amino acids, and possesses some significant advantages over GC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad J Williams
- Southeastern Oklahoma State University, Physical Sciences, Durant, OK 74701-0609, USA
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50
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Bendini A, Cerretani L, Carrasco-Pancorbo A, Gómez-Caravaca AM, Segura-Carretero A, Fernández-Gutiérrez A, Lercker G. Phenolic molecules in virgin olive oils: a survey of their sensory properties, health effects, antioxidant activity and analytical methods. An overview of the last decade. Molecules 2007; 12:1679-719. [PMID: 17960082 DOI: 10.3390/12081679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 488] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2007] [Revised: 08/02/2007] [Accepted: 08/02/2006] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Among vegetable oils, virgin olive oil (VOO) has nutritional and sensory characteristics that to make it unique and a basic component of the Mediterranean diet. The importance of VOO is mainly attributed both to its high content of oleic acid a balanced contribution quantity of polyunsaturated fatty acids and its richness in phenolic compounds, which act as natural antioxidants and may contribute to the prevention of several human diseases. The polar phenolic compounds of VOO belong to different classes: phenolic acids, phenyl ethyl alcohols, hydroxy-isochromans, flavonoids, lignans and secoiridoids. This latter family of compounds is characteristic of Oleaceae plants and secoiridoids are the main compounds of the phenolic fraction. Many agronomical and technological factors can affect the presence of phenols in VOO. Its shelf life is higher than other vegetable oils, mainly due to the presence of phenolic molecules having a catechol group, such as hydroxytyrosol and its secoiridoid derivatives. Several assays have been used to establish the antioxidant activity of these isolated phenolic compounds. Typical sensory gustative properties of VOO, such as bitterness and pungency, have been attributed to secoiridoid molecules. Considering the importance of the phenolic fraction of VOO, high performance analytical methods have been developed to characterize its complex phenolic pattern. The aim of this review is to realize a survey on phenolic compounds of virgin olive oils bearing in mind their chemical-analytical, healthy and sensory aspects. In particular, starting from the basic studies, the results of researches developed in the last ten years will be focused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bendini
- Department of Food Science, University of Bologna. P.zza Goidanich 60, I-47023 Cesena (FC), Italy.
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