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Sun G, Choi DM, Xu H, Baeck SH, Row KH, Tang W. Lipase-based MIL-100(Fe) biocomposites as chiral stationary phase for high-efficiency capillary electrochromatographic enantioseparation. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:84. [PMID: 36749401 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05647-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel chiral porous column was fabricated by lipase immobilized MIL-100(Fe) biocomposites as chiral stationary phase through covalent coupling and applied to capillary electrochromatographic enantioseparation. MOF-based lipase biocomposites not only enhance stereoselective activities but also improve the stability and applicability of the enzyme. The functionalized porous columns were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction. The performance of the porous column was evaluated by enantioseparating amino acid enantiomers, affording high resolution over 2.0. Besides, the enantio-resolutions of phenylephrine, phenylsuccinic acid, chloroquine, and zopiclone were also greater than 2.0. The relative standard deviations of run-to-run, intra-, and inter-day repeatability were within 4.0% in terms of resolution and retention time, exhibiting excellent stability of the column. Conceivably, the results show that MOF-based lipase composites as chiral stationary phase offer a highly efficient means for enantioseparation in capillary electrochromatography, attributing to the enhanced enantioselective activities of lipase by highly ordered frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genlin Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Min Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Education and Research Center for Smart Energy and Materials, Inha University, Incheon, 402-701, South Korea
| | - Helong Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, People's Republic of China
| | - Sung Hyeon Baeck
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Education and Research Center for Smart Energy and Materials, Inha University, Incheon, 402-701, South Korea.
| | - Kyung Ho Row
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Education and Research Center for Smart Energy and Materials, Inha University, Incheon, 402-701, South Korea.
| | - Weiyang Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Education and Research Center for Smart Energy and Materials, Inha University, Incheon, 402-701, South Korea. .,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China.
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2
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Kravchenko AV, Kolobova EA, Kechin AA, Kartsova LA. Development of a capillary electrophoretic method for determination of ketorolac enantiomers in human plasma using cationic β-cyclodextrin derivative as a chiral selector. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2200601. [PMID: 36420913 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach for the separation of ketorolac enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis is presented. A cationic β-cyclodextrin derivative based on imidazole was synthesized and used as a chiral selector in the background electrolyte. The influence of pH and ionic strength of background electrolyte, as well as cationic β-cyclodextrin derivative concentration on the resolution of ketorolac enantiomers, was investigated. The highest value of the resolution for ketorolac enantiomers was 1.46 when the background electrolyte consisted of 25 mM NaH2 PO4 (pH 6.4) with 1 mM 1-butyl-3-β-cyclodextrinimidazolium tosylate. Additionally, the possibilities of cationic derivatives for the separation of ketoprofen enantiomers were shown (peak resolution 1.06). The two-step preconcentration mode was developed to reduce the limit of detection of individual enantiomers. The proposed approach was successfully applied to determine ketorolac enantiomers in tablet "Ketorol express" and human plasma. The calibration range of ketorolac enantiomers for plasma samples was 0.25-2.50 μg/ml with coefficients of determination ≥ 0.99. The relative standard deviation both of the peak area and migration time was less than 15%, as well as the accuracy ranged from 90.1% to 110.2% for both analytes. The limits of detection were 44 and 55 ng/ml for R- and S-ketorolac. The quantity of ketorolac in plasma was verified with high-performance liquid chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia V Kravchenko
- Institute of Chemistry, The Department of Organic Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Kolobova
- Institute of Chemistry, The Department of Organic Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,The Federal State Institute of Public Health 'The Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine', The Ministry of Russian Federation for Civil Defence, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Arseniy A Kechin
- Institute of Chemistry, The Department of Organic Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Liudmila A Kartsova
- Institute of Chemistry, The Department of Organic Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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3
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Fan X, Cao L, Geng L, Ma Y, Wei Y, Wang Y. Polysaccharides as separation media for the separation of proteins, peptides and stereoisomers of amino acids. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:616-638. [PMID: 34242648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Reliable separation of peptides, amino acids and proteins as accurate as possible with the maximum conformation and biological activity is crucial and essential for drug discovery. Polysaccharide, as one of the most abundant natural biopolymers with optical activity on earth, is easy to be functionalized due to lots of hydroxyl groups on glucose units. Over the last few decades, polysaccharide derivatives are gradually employed as effective separation media. The highly-ordered helical structure contributes to complex, diverse molecular recognition ability, allowing polysaccharide derivatives to selectively interact with different analytes. This article reviews the development, application and prospects of polysaccharides as separation media in the separation of proteins, peptides and amino acids in recent years. The chiral molecules mechanism, advantages, limitations, development status and challenges faced by polysaccharides as separation media in molecular recognition are summarized. Meanwhile, the direction of its continued development and future prospects are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China
| | - Lilong Cao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China
| | - Linna Geng
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yalu Ma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China.
| | - Yuping Wei
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China; Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China.
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4
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Single isomer cyclodextrins as chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1627:461375. [PMID: 32823120 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Since decades, cyclodextrins are one of the most powerful selectors in chiral capillary electrophoresis for the enantioseparation of diverse organic compounds. This review concerns papers published over the last decade (from 2009 until nowadays), dealing with the capillary electrophoretic application of single isomer cyclodextrin derivatives in chiral separations. Following a brief overview of their synthetic approaches, the inventory of the neutral, negatively and positively charged (including both permanently ionic and pH-tunable ionizable substituents) and zwitterionic CD derivatives is presented, with insights to underlying structural aspects by NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling. CE represents an ideal tool to study the weak, non-covalent supramolecular interactions. The published methods are reviewed in the light of enantioselectivity, enantiomer migration order and the fine-tuning of enantiodiscrimination by the substitution pattern of the single entity selector molecules, which is hardly possible for their randomly substituted counterparts. All the reviewed publications herein support that cyclodextrin-based chiral capillary electrophoresis seems to remain a popular choice in pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.
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Hui BY, Raoov M, Zain NNM, Mohamad S, Osman H. Combination of Cyclodextrin and Ionic Liquid in Analytical Chemistry: Current and Future Perspectives. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2017; 47:454-467. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2017.1320936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Boon Yih Hui
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Muggundha Raoov
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Nadhirah Mohamad Zain
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Sharifah Mohamad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Universiti Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hasnah Osman
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Tang J, Pang L, Zhou J, Zhang S, Tang W. Per(3-chloro-4-methyl)phenylcarbamate cyclodextrin clicked stationary phase for chiral separation in multiple modes high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 946:96-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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β-Cyclodextrin functionalized ionic liquid as chiral stationary phase of high performance liquid chromatography for enantioseparation of β-blockers. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-016-0629-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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8
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Zain NNM, Raoov M, Abu Bakar NK, Mohamad S. Cyclodextrin modified ionic liquid material as a modifier for cloud point extraction of phenolic compounds using spectrophotometry. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-015-0591-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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9
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Tang J, Pang L, Zhou J, Tang W. Enantioseparation tuned by solvent polarity on a β-cyclodextrin clicked chiral stationary phase. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:3137-3144. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Tang
- College of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing China
| | - Limin Pang
- College of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing China
| | - Jie Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing China
| | - Weihua Tang
- College of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing China
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10
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Su Y, Mu X, Qi L. Development of a capillary electrophoresis system with Mn(ii) complexes and β-cyclodextrin as the dual chiral selectors for enantioseparation of dansyl amino acids and its application in screening enzyme inhibitors. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02744f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel CLE-CE system with Mn(ii)–[BMIm][l-Ala] complexes and β-CD as the dual chiral selectors based on the synergistic effect was successfully constructed for enantioseparation of Dns-d,l-AAs and applied in screening the tyrosinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100190 Beijing
| | - Xiaoyu Mu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100190 Beijing
| | - Li Qi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100190 Beijing
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11
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Raoov M, Mohamad S, bin Abas MR, Surikumaran H. New macroporous β-cyclodextrin functionalized ionic liquid polymer as an adsorbent for solid phase extraction with phenols. Talanta 2014; 130:155-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Tang J, Lu Y, Wang Y, Zhou J, Tang W. Novel methoxypropylimmidazolium β-cyclodextrin for improved enantioseparation of amino acids. Talanta 2014; 128:460-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Pang L, Zhou J, Tang J, Ng SC, Tang W. Evaluation of perphenylcarbamated cyclodextrin clicked chiral stationary phase for enantioseparations in reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1363:119-27. [PMID: 25169719 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, perphenylcarbamated cyclodextrin clicked chiral stationary phase (CSP) was developed with high column efficiency. The characteristics of the column were evaluated in terms of linearity, limit of detection and limit of quantification. The enantioselectivity of the as-prepared clicked CSP was explored with 26 recemates including aryl alcohols, flavanoids and adrenergic drugs in reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The effect of separation parameters including flow rate, column temperature, organic modifier and buffer on the enantioselectivity of the clicked CSP was investigated in detail. The correlation study of the analytes structure and their chiral resolution revealed the great influence of analytes' structure on the enantioseparations with cyclodextrin CSP. Methanol with 1% of triethylammonium acetate buffer (pH 4) was proved to be the best choice for the chiral separation of basic enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Pang
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China.
| | - Siu-Choon Ng
- Division of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 16 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637722, Singapore
| | - Weihua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Wu J, Su P, Guo D, Huang J, Yang Y. Cationic β-cyclodextrin-modified hybrid magnetic microspheres as chiral selectors for selective chiral absorption of dansyl amino acids. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj00030g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chiral selective magnetic microspheres based on imidazolium cationic-modified β-CD derivatives have been developed for direct enantioseparation of dansyl amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Danhua Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
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15
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Raoov M, Mohamad S, Abas MR. Synthesis and characterization of β-cyclodextrin functionalized ionic liquid polymer as a macroporous material for the removal of phenols and As(V). Int J Mol Sci 2013; 15:100-19. [PMID: 24366065 PMCID: PMC3907800 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Cyclodextrin-ionic liquid polymer (CD-ILP) was first synthesized by functionalized β-cyclodextrin (CD) with 1-benzylimidazole (BIM) to form monofunctionalized CD (βCD-BIMOTs) and was further polymerized using a toluene diisocyanate (TDI) linker to form insoluble CD-ILP (βCD-BIMOTs-TDI). The βCD-BIMOTs-TDI polymer was characterized using various tools and the results obtained were compared with those derived from the native β-cyclodextrin polymer (βCD-TDI). The SEM result shows that the presence of ionic liquid (IL) increases the pore size, while the thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) result shows that the presence of IL increases the stability of the polymer. Meanwhile, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) results show that βCD-BIMOTs-TDI polymer has 1.254 m(2)/g surface areas and the Barret-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) pore size distribution result reveals that the polymer exhibits macropores with a pore size of 77.66 nm. Preliminary sorption experiments were carried out and the βCD-BIMOTs-TDI polymer shows enhanced sorption capacity and high removal towards phenols and As(V).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muggundha Raoov
- University of Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mail:
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mail:
- Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, University of Science Malaysia, No 1–8 (Lot 8), Persiaran Seksyen 4/1, Bandar Putra Bertam, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang 13200, Malaysia
| | - Sharifah Mohamad
- University of Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mail:
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +603-7967-6751; Fax: +603-7967-4193
| | - Mhd Radzi Abas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mail:
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Noorashikin MS, Raoov M, Mohamad S, Abas MR. Cloud point extraction of parabens using non-ionic surfactant with cylodextrin functionalized ionic liquid as a modifier. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:24531-48. [PMID: 24351832 PMCID: PMC3876126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141224531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A cloud point extraction (CPE) process using non-ionic surfactant (DC193C) to extract selected paraben compounds from water samples was investigated using reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The CPE process with the presence of β-cyclodextrin (βCD) functionalized ionic liquid as a modifier (CPE-DC193C-βCD-IL) is a new extraction technique that has been applied on the optimization of parameters, i.e., pH, βCD-IL concentration and phase volume ratio. This CPE-DC193C-βCD-IL method is facilitated at 30 °C, showing great losses of water content in the surfactant-rich phase, resulting in a high pre-concentration factor and high distribution coefficient. The developed method CPE-DC193C-βCD-IL did show enhanced properties compared to the CPE method without the modifier (CPE-DC193C). The developed method of CPE-DC193C-βCD-IL gives an excellent performance on the detection of parabens from water samples with the limit of detection falling in the range of 0.013-0.038 µg mL-1. Finally, the inclusion complex formation, hydrogen bonding, and π-π interaction between the βCD-IL, benzyl paraben (ArP), and DC 193C were proven using 1H NMR and 2D NOESY spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Saleh Noorashikin
- Environmental Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mail: (M.R.A)
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| | - Muggundha Raoov
- Environmental Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mail: (M.R.A)
- Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, University of Science Malaysia, No 1–8 (Lot 8), Persiaran Seksyen 4/1, Bandar Putra Bertam, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang 13200, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| | - Sharifah Mohamad
- Environmental Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mail: (M.R.A)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +603-7967-4399; Fax: +603-7967-4193
| | - Mhd Radzi Abas
- Environmental Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mail: (M.R.A)
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Raoov M, Mohamad S, Abas MR. Removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol using cyclodextrin-ionic liquid polymer as a macroporous material: characterization, adsorption isotherm, kinetic study, thermodynamics. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 263 Pt 2:501-516. [PMID: 24231314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodextrin-ionic liquid polymer (βCD-BIMOTs-TDI) was firstly synthesized using functionalized β-Cyclodextrin (CD) with 1-benzylimidazole (BIM) to form monofunctionalized CD (βCD-BIMOTs) and was further polymerized using toluene diisocyanate (TDI) linker to form insoluble βCD-BIMOTs-TDI. SEM characterization result shows that βCD-BIMOTs-TDI exhibits macropore size while the BET result shows low surface area (1.254 m(2)g(-1)). The unique properties of the ILs allow us to produce materials with different morphologies. The adsorption isotherm and kinetics of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) onto βCD-BIMOTs-TDI is studied. Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetics are found to be the best to represent the data for 2,4-DCP adsorption on the βCD-BIMOTs-TDI. The presence of macropores decreases the mass transfer resistance and increases the adsorption process by reducing the diffusion distance. The change in entropy (ΔS°) and heat of adsorption (ΔH°) for 2,4-DCP on βCD-BIMOTs-TDI were estimated as -55.99 J/Kmol and -18.10 J/mol, respectively. The negative value of Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) indicates that the adsorption process is thermodynamically feasible, spontaneous and chemically controlled. Finally, the interactions between the cavity of βCD-BIMOTs and 2,4-DCP are investigated and the results shows that the inclusion of the complex formation and π-π interaction are the main processes involved in the adsorption process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muggundha Raoov
- University of Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, University of Science Malaysia, No. 1-8 (Lot 8), Persiaran Seksyen 4/1, Bandar Putra Bertam, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang 13200, Malaysia
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Zhou J, Ai F, Zhou B, Tang J, Ng SC, Tang W. Hydroxyethylammonium monosubstituted cyclodextrin as chiral selector for capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 800:95-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Tsioupi DA, Stefan-Vanstaden RI, Kapnissi-Christodoulou CP. Chiral selectors in CE: recent developments and applications. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:178-204. [PMID: 23161372 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This review article provides an overview of the recent advances in enantioanalysis by use of electrophoretic techniques. Due to the big number of publications in the subject mentioned above, this article is focused on chiral method developments and applications published from 2008 until 2011, and it demonstrates chiral selectors used in CE. Numerous chiral selectors have been used over the years, and these include the cyclic and the linear oligo- and polysaccharides, the branched polysaccharides, the polymeric and monomeric surfactants, the macrocyclic and other antibiotics, and the crown ethers. Different dual-selector systems are also presented in this article, and the results are compared with those obtained by use of a single chiral selector. Finally, several pharmaceutical and biomedical applications based on chiral recognition are summarized.
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Dai Y, Wang S, Zhou J, Tang J, Tang W. A family of single-isomer, dicationic cyclodextrin chiral selectors for capillary electrophoresis: Mono-6A-ammonium-6C-butylimidazolium-β-cyclodextrin chlorides. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:833-40. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Dai
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Ministry of Education; Nanjing; P. R. China
| | - Shuye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Ministry of Education; Nanjing; P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Ministry of Education; Nanjing; P. R. China
| | - Jian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Ministry of Education; Nanjing; P. R. China
| | - Weihua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Ministry of Education; Nanjing; P. R. China
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21
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Methoxyethylammonium monosubstituted β-cyclodextrin as the chiral selector for enantioseparation in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1277:84-92. [PMID: 23305855 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Methoxyethylamine monosubstituted β-cyclodextrin, mono-6(A)-(2-methoxyethyl-1-ammonium)-6(A)-β-cyclodextrin chloride (MEtAMCD), is synthesized and analytically characterized. Bearing a methoxy group in cyclodextrin rim, MEtAMCD exhibits outstanding enantioselectivities toward ampholytic and acidic racemates in capillary electrophoresis. Driven by inclusion complexation, electrostatic interactions and/or hydrogen bonding, the enantioseparation of MEtAMCD is found to be strongly dependent on various separation parameters including buffer pH, cyclodextrin concentration, applied voltage, separation temperature and organic solvent additives. MEtAMCD demonstrates as a versatile cationic chiral selector for the studied 26 acidic and ampholytic enantiomers.
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22
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Mendes A, Branco LC, Morais C, Simplício AL. Electroosmotic flow modulation in capillary electrophoresis by organic cations from ionic liquids. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:1182-90. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luís C. Branco
- REQUIMTE, ; Departamento de Química, ; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Caparica; Portugal
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23
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Wang RQ, Ong TT, Tang W, Ng SC. Cationic cyclodextrins chemically-bonded chiral stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 718:121-9. [PMID: 22305907 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Two covalently bonded cationic β-CD chiral stationary phases (CSPs) prepared by graft polymerization of 6(A)-(3-vinylimidazolium)-6-deoxyperphenylcarbamate-β-cyclodextrin chloride or 6(A)-(N,N-allylmethylammonium)-6-deoxyperphenylcarbamoyl-β-cyclodextrin chloride onto silica gel were successfully applied in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Their enantioseparation capability was examined with 12 racemic pharmaceuticals and 6 carboxylic acids. The results indicated that imidazolium-containing β-CD CSP afforded more favorable enantioseparations than that containing ammonium moiety under normal-phase HPLC. The cationic moiety on β-CD CSPs could form strong hydrogen bonding with analytes in normal-phase liquid chromatography (NPLC) to enhance the analytes' retention and enantioseparations. In reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC), the analytes exhibited their maximum retention when the pH of mobile phase was close to their pK(a) value. Inclusion complexation with CD cavity and columbic/ionic interactions with cationic substituent on the CD rim would afford accentuated retention and enantioseparations of the analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Qi Wang
- Division of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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24
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Zhou J, Dai Y, Wang S, Zhu E, Hai J, Liu Y, Tang J, Tang W. Monosubstituted dually cationic cyclodextrins for stronger chiral recognition. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20086d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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25
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Dai Y, Wang S, Wu J, Tang J, Tang W. Dicationic AC regioisomer cyclodextrins: mono-6A-ammonium-6C-alkylimidazolium-β-cyclodextrin chlorides as chiral selectors for enantioseparation. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21940a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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26
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Recent progress in capillary electrophoretic analysis of amino acid enantiomers. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:3078-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Legrand FX, Ménand M, Sollogoub M, Tilloy S, Monflier E. An N-heterocyclic carbene ligand based on a β-cyclodextrin–imidazolium salt: synthesis, characterization of organometallic complexes and Suzuki coupling. NEW J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1nj20200f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Huang K, Zhang X, Armstrong DW. Ionic cyclodextrins in ionic liquid matrices as chiral stationary phases for gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:5261-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Xiao Y, Wang Y, Ong TT, Ge L, Tan SN, Young DJ, Tan TTY, Ng SC. Chiral capillary electrophoresis with cationic pyrrolidinium-β-cyclodextrin derivatives as chiral selectors. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:1797-805. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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30
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Application of charged single isomer derivatives of cyclodextrins in capillary electrophoresis for chiral analysis. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:953-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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31
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Boffa L, Gaudino EC, Martina K, Jicsinszky L, Cravotto G. A new class of cationic cyclodextrins: synthesis and chemico-physical properties. NEW J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0nj00021c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Wang Y, Xiao Y, Tan TTY, Ng SC. Application of Click-chemistry-based perphenylcarbamated beta-CD chiral stationary phase in CEC. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:705-11. [PMID: 19156766 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A novel chiral stationary phase (CSP) was prepared by anchoring mono-6-azido-6-deoxyperphenylcarbamated beta-CD onto omega-alkynyl functionalized silica (5 microm) via organic soluble Cu(I)-catalyzed Click chemistry. The obtained CSP was thereafter packed into fused-silica capillary (100 microm id) with an effective length of 9 cm and tested in aqueous CEC to separate a series of racemic aryl alcohols. High separation factors with good resolution were achieved using the current novel CSP. Some pharmaceutical compounds could also be well resolved on this newly derived CSP. The analytical results demonstrate that Click-chemistry-based perphenylcarbamated CSP affords high stability in high electric field and depicts excellent enantioseparation in CEC. The effects of pH value, buffer concentration, applied voltage, concentration of organic modifier and analyte structure on the enantioseparation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- School of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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33
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Wei W, Guo B, Lin JM. Helical- and ahelical-dependent chiral recognition mechanisms in capillary electrophoresis using amylose as the selector. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:1380-7. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Xiao Y, Ong TT, Tan TTY, Ng SC. Synthesis and application of a novel single-isomer mono-6-deoxy-6-(3R,4R-dihydroxypyrrolidine)-β-cyclodextrin chloride as a chiral selector in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:994-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2008] [Revised: 11/13/2008] [Accepted: 12/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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35
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Wang Y, Ong TT, Li LS, Tan TTY, Ng SC. Enantioseparation of a novel "click" chemistry derived native beta-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:2388-93. [PMID: 19185873 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2008] [Revised: 01/02/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel native beta-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase was prepared via "click" chemistry with cuprous iodide-triphenylphosphine complex as the catalyst and applied for enantioseparation of Dns-amino acids, substituted phenyl and phenoxy group modified propionic acids, flavonoids, and some pharmaceutical compounds such as nimodipine, propranolol, brompheniramine and bendroflumethiazide in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The studied analytes could be resolved under different separation conditions. The resolution of Dns-DL-Leu could reach 5.08 using a mobile phase consisting of 1% (w/w) triethylammonium acetate buffer (pH 4.11) and methanol (50:50 v/v). The effects of buffer pH and the content of organic modifier on enantioseparation of Dns-amino acids by this novel chiral phase were being investigated. The separation results demonstrate that click chemistry, a versatile reaction, affords a facile approach towards the preparation of stable chiral stationary phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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36
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Scriba GKEV. Cyclodextrins in capillary electrophoresis enantioseparations--recent developments and applications. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:1991-2011. [PMID: 18491357 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Capillary EKC has been established as a versatile and robust CE method for the separation of enantiomers. Within the chiral selectors added to the BGE CDs continue as the most widely used selectors due to their structural variety and commercial availability. This is reflected in the large number of practical applications of CDs to analytical enantioseparations that have been reported between January 2006 and January 2008, the period of time covered by this review. Most of these applications cover aspects of life sciences such as drug analysis, bioanalysis, environmental analysis, or food analysis. Moreover, new CD derivatives have been developed in an attempt to achieve altered enantioselectivities and to further broaden the application range. Finally, efforts will be summarized that aim at an understanding of the molecular level of the chiral recognition between CDs and the analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard K E V Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
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37
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Xu C, Ng SC, Chan HSO. Self-assembly of perfunctionalized beta-cyclodextrins on a quartz crystal microbalance for real-time chiral recognition. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:9118-24. [PMID: 18616230 DOI: 10.1021/la800761h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the development of novel chiral sensors based on the self-assembly of perfunctionalized beta-cyclodextrins (beta-CD) on a quartz crystal microbalance transducer for real time chiral recognition. Ten chiral sensors immobilized with mercaptyl perfunctionalized beta-cyclodextrins were found to exhibit promising enantioselectivity in the gas phase. Well-defined sizes of molecular cavities of the modified beta-CDs associated with cooperative weak interactions with the host molecules afforded enhanced chiral discrimination. This study contributes to the realization of novel chiral sensors applicable for real-time recognition and analysis of enantiomeric alcohols and lactates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhua Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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38
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Poinsot V, Rodat A, Gavard P, Feurer B, Couderc F. Recent advances in amino acid analysis by CE. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:207-23. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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39
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Kahle KA, Foley JP. Review of aqueous chiral electrokinetic chromatography (EKC) with an emphasis on chiral microemulsion EKC. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:2503-26. [PMID: 17657766 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The separation of enantiomers using electrokinetic chromatography (EKC) with chiral microemulsions is comprehensively reviewed through December 1, 2006. Aqueous chiral EKC separations based on other pseudostationary phases such as micelles and vesicles or on other chiral selectors such as CDs, crown ethers, glycopeptides, ligand exchange moeities are also reviewed from both mechanistic and applications perspective for the period of January 2005 to December 1, 2006.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Kahle
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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40
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Gübitz G, Schmid MG. Advances in chiral separation using capillary electromigration techniques. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:114-26. [PMID: 17136739 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This review gives an overview of recent developments in CZE, EKC, and CEC covering the literature since the year 2004. Since there appeared a special issue on applications, this review focuses on the progress in electromigration techniques and new methodological developments. New techniques, new chiral selectors as well as new chiral stationary phases for CEC are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Gübitz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University, Graz, Austria.
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41
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Mikuš P, Kaniansky D. Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Resolutions of 2,4‐Dinitrophenyl Labeled Amino Acids Enantiomers byN‐MethylatedAmino‐β‐Cyclodextrins. ANAL LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710600867705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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