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Wu N, Lin Q, Shao F, Chen L, Zhang H, Chen K, Wu J, Wang G, Wang H, Yang Q. Insect cuticle-inspired design of sustainably sourced composite bioplastics with enhanced strength, toughness and stretch-strengthening behavior. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 333:121970. [PMID: 38494224 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Insect cuticles that are mainly made of chitin, chitosan and proteins provide insects with rigid, stretchable and robust skins to defend harsh external environment. The insect cuticle therefore provides inspiration for engineering biomaterials with outstanding mechanical properties but also sustainability and biocompatibility. We herein propose a design of high-performance and sustainable bioplastics via introducing CPAP3-A1, a major structural protein in insect cuticles, to specifically bind to chitosan. Simply mixing 10w/w% bioengineered CPAP3-A1 protein with chitosan enables the formation of plastics-like, sustainably sourced chitosan/CPAP3-A1 composites with significantly enhanced strength (∼90 MPa) and toughness (∼20 MJ m -3), outperforming previous chitosan-based composites and most synthetic petroleum-based plastics. Remarkably, these bioplastics exhibit a stretch-strengthening behavior similar to the training living muscles. Mechanistic investigation reveals that the introduction of CPAP3-A1 induce chitosan chains to assemble into a more coarsened fibrous network with increased crystallinity and reinforcement effect, but also enable energy dissipation via reversible chitosan-protein interactions. Further uniaxial stretch facilitates network re-orientation and increases chitosan crystallinity and mechanical anisotropy, thereby resulting in stretch-strengthening behavior. In general, this study provides an insect-cuticle inspired design of high-performance bioplastics that may serve as sustainable and bio-friendly materials for a wide range of engineering and biomedical application potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Qiaoxia Lin
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Fei Shao
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Haoyue Zhang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Kaiwen Chen
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Jinrong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Guirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Huanan Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China.
| | - Qing Yang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China; State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China.
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2
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Thakur N, Singh B. Evaluating physiochemical characteristics of tragacanth gum-gelatin network hydrogels designed through graft copolymerization technique. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131082. [PMID: 38537849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The present work deals with the evaluation of the physiochemical and biomedical properties of hydrogels derived from copolymerization of tragacanth gum (TG) and gelatin for use in drug delivery (DD) applications. Copolymers were characterized by field emission-scanning electron micrographs (FE-SEM), electron dispersion X-ray analysis (EDAX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. FE-SEM revealed heterogeneous morphology and XRD analysis demonstrated an amorphous nature with short range pattern of polymer chains within the copolymers. The release of the drug ofloxacin occurred through a non-Fickian diffusion mechanism and the release profile was best described by the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model. The hydrogels exhibited blood compatibility and demonstrated a thrombogenicity value of 75.63 ± 1.98 % during polymer-blood interactions. Polymers revealed mucoadhesive character during polymer-mucous membrane interactions and required 119 ± 8.54 mN detachment forces to detach from the biological membrane. The copolymers illustrated the antioxidant properties as evidenced by 2, 2'-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay which demonstrated a 65.71 ± 3.68 % free radical inhibition. Swelling properties analysis demonstrated that by change in monomer and cross linker content during the reaction increased the crosslinking of the network. These results suggest that the pore size of network hydrogels could be controlled as per the requirement of DD systems. The copolymers were prepared at optimized reaction conditions using 14.54 × 10-1 molL-1 of acrylic acid monomer and 25.0 × 10-3 molL-1 of crosslinker NNMBA. The optimized hydrogels exhibited a crosslink density of 2.227 × 10-4 molcm-3 and a mesh size of 7.966 nm. Additionally, the molecular weight between two neighboring crosslinks in the hydrogels was determined to be 5332.209 gmol-1.The results indicated that the combination of protein-polysaccharide has led to the development of hydrogels suitable for potential applications in sustained drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nistha Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla 171005, India
| | - Baljit Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla 171005, India.
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Xu J, Zhu X, Zhao J, Ling G, Zhang P. Biomedical applications of supramolecular hydrogels with enhanced mechanical properties. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 321:103000. [PMID: 37839280 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.103000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular hydrogels bound by hydrogen bonding, host-guest, hydrophobic, and other non-covalent interactions are among the most attractive biomaterials available. Supramolecular hydrogels have attracted extensive attention due to their inherent dynamic reversibility, self-healing, stimuli-response, excellent biocompatibility, and near-physiological environment. However, the inherent contradiction between non-covalent interactions and mechanical strength makes the practical application of supramolecular hydrogels a great challenge. This review describes the mechanical strength of hydrogels mediated by supramolecular interactions, and focuses on the potential strategies for enhancing the mechanical strength of supramolecular hydrogels and illustrates their applications in related fields, such as flexible electronic sensors, wound dressings, and three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds. Finally, the current problems and future research prospects of supramolecular hydrogels are discussed. This review is expected to provide insights that will motivate more advanced research on supramolecular hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Xu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiuhong Zhao
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Guixia Ling
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China..
| | - Peng Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China..
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Hashmi S, Ahmed R, Rehman AU, García-Peñas A, Zahoor A, Khan F, Vatankhah-Varnosfaderani M, Alshahrani T, Stadler FJ. Study of the synergistic influence of zwitterionic interactions and graphene oxide on water diffusion mechanism and mechanical properties in hybrid hydrogel network. Chemosphere 2023; 314:137710. [PMID: 36592834 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid hydrogels based on n-isopropylacrylamide, zwitterionic comonomer, and graphene oxide were synthesized to study their physical and mechanical properties. The compositional variation largely influenced the swelling characteristics of the hybrid hydrogels compared to mechanical properties, i.e., elongation and compression. Additionally, Rheometric swelling measurements on the swollen hydrogels were performed until they reached equilibrium showed a very low phase angle δ indicating strong covalent network, which intrun increases with increasing content of zwitterions and GO. Swelling kinetics were studied and found to follow Fickian dynamics, albeit zwitterion-containing gels showed a peculiar 2-step swelling pattern. Interestingly, differences in the swelling mechanism are also clear for the hydrogels with 2D GO (Graphene oxide) nano-fillers from its 1D nano-filler CNTs (Carbon nanotubes). In elongation, the samples break in a brittle fashion at Hencky strains εmax around 0.4-0.65 with the maximum stress being observed for samples with high Zw-content and 0.2% GO, which can be explained by the stress-rising properties of sharp edges of GO. In contrast, the data in compression profits from higher GO-contents as crack growth is less important in this deformation mode. This work will contribute to future composite gel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saud Hashmi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Department of Polymer & Petrochemical Engineering NED University of Engineering & Technology, Pakistan
| | - Rafiq Ahmed
- Department of Polymer & Petrochemical Engineering NED University of Engineering & Technology, Pakistan
| | - Adeel Ur Rehman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Alberto García-Peñas
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Departamento de Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales e Ingeniería Química (IAAB), Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911, Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - Awan Zahoor
- Department of Polymer & Petrochemical Engineering NED University of Engineering & Technology, Pakistan
| | - Firoz Khan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Renewable Energy and Power Systems (IRC-REPS), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Thamraa Alshahrani
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Florian J Stadler
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
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Traven VF, Cheptsov DA, Lodeiro C. Control of Fluorescence of Organic Dyes in the Solid-State by Supramolecular Interactions. J Fluoresc 2022. [PMID: 36576681 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-03056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent organic dyes play an essential role in the creation of new "smart" materials. Fragments and functional groups capable of free rotation around single bonds can significantly change the fluorescent organic dye's electronic structure under analyte effects, phase state transitions, or changes in temperature, pressure, and media polarity. Dependencies between steric and electronic structures become highly important in transition from a solution to a solid-state. Such transitions are accompanied by a significant increase in the dye molecular structure's rigidity due to supramolecular associates' formation such as H-bonding, π···π and dipole-dipole interactions. Among those supramolecular effects, H-bonding interactions, first of all, lead to significant molecular packing changes between loose or rigid structures, thus affecting the fluorescent dye's electronic states' energy and configuration, its fluorescent signal's position and intensity. All the functional groups and heteroatoms that are met in the organic dyes seem to be involved in the control of fluorescence via H-bonding: C-H···N, C-H···π, S = O···H-C, P = O···H, C-H···O, NH···N, C - H···C, C - H···Se, N-H···O, C - H···F, C-F···H. Effects of molecular packing of fluorescent organic dyes are successfully used in developing mechano-, piezo-, thermo- fluorochromes materials for their applications in the optical recording of information, sensors, security items, memory elements, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) technologies.
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Gray VP, Amelung CD, Duti IJ, Laudermilch EG, Letteri RA, Lampe KJ. Biomaterials via peptide assembly: Design, characterization, and application in tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2022; 140:43-75. [PMID: 34710626 PMCID: PMC8829437 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A core challenge in biomaterials, with both fundamental significance and technological relevance, concerns the rational design of bioactive microenvironments. Designed properly, peptides can undergo supramolecular assembly into dynamic, physical hydrogels that mimic the mechanical, topological, and biochemical features of native tissue microenvironments. The relatively facile, inexpensive, and automatable preparation of peptides, coupled with low batch-to-batch variability, motivates the expanded use of assembling peptide hydrogels for biomedical applications. Integral to realizing dynamic peptide assemblies as functional biomaterials for tissue engineering is an understanding of the molecular and macroscopic features that govern assembly, morphology, and biological interactions. In this review, we first discuss the design of assembling peptides, including primary structure (sequence), secondary structure (e.g., α-helix and β-sheets), and molecular interactions that facilitate assembly into multiscale materials with desired properties. Next, we describe characterization tools for elucidating molecular structure and interactions, morphology, bulk properties, and biological functionality. Understanding of these characterization methods enables researchers to access a variety of approaches in this ever-expanding field. Finally, we discuss the biological properties and applications of peptide-based biomaterials for engineering several important tissues. By connecting molecular features and mechanisms of assembling peptides to the material and biological properties, we aim to guide the design and characterization of peptide-based biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Engineering peptide-based biomaterials that mimic the topological and mechanical properties of natural extracellular matrices provide excellent opportunities to direct cell behavior for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Here we review the molecular-scale features of assembling peptides that result in biomaterials that exhibit a variety of relevant extracellular matrix-mimetic properties and promote beneficial cell-biomaterial interactions. Aiming to inspire and guide researchers approaching this challenge from both the peptide biomaterial design and tissue engineering perspectives, we also present characterization tools for understanding the connection between peptide structure and properties and highlight the use of peptide-based biomaterials in neural, orthopedic, cardiac, muscular, and immune engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent P Gray
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, United States
| | - Connor D Amelung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, United States
| | - Israt Jahan Duti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, United States
| | - Emma G Laudermilch
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, United States
| | - Rachel A Letteri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, United States.
| | - Kyle J Lampe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, United States.
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7
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Romita R, Rizzi V, Gubitosa J, Gabaldón JA, Fortea MI, Gómez-Morte T, Gómez-López VM, Fini P, Cosma P. Cyclodextrin polymers and salts: An Eco-Friendly combination to modulate the removal of sulfamethoxazole from water and its release. Chemosphere 2021; 283:131238. [PMID: 34182638 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study is aimed to validate water-insoluble cyclodextrin-epichlorohydrin polymer (β-EPI) use to remove, by adsorption, sulfamethoxazole (SMX) from water and then release it via an environmentally friendly treatment so that the adsorbent can be recycled according to one of the objectives of the European Project Life "Clean up" (LIFE 16 ENV/ES/000169). SMX adsorption experiments on β-EPI polymer in-batch were performed, varying different experimental parameters of the process, such as contact time, pH values, and so on. The adsorption process, exothermic and driven by enthalpy, occurs both through the formation of inclusion and association complexes, involves mainly hydrophobic and hydrogen bonds, has a rate-controlling step depending on both pollutant concentration and adsorbent dose and can be described by the Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich models which confirm the polymer surface heterogeneity and the physical nature of the adsorption. The presence of salts gives rise to a general decrease in the SMX sorption, mainly in the case of bromide, which was used to promote the SMX desorption and regenerate the adsorbent. The overall results indicate that β-EPI polymer is not only capable of removing SMX by adsorption with short contact times and a qmax = 10 mg/g but it is also easily regenerated using a 0.5 M solution of sodium bromide without any loss in the adsorption performance and with obvious economic and environmental advantages. The polymer as synthesized, with SMX adsorbed and regenerated was characterized by FT-IR, SEM and DSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Romita
- Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro'', Dip. Chimica, Via Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Rizzi
- Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro'', Dip. Chimica, Via Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Jennifer Gubitosa
- Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro'', Dip. Chimica, Via Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - José Antonio Gabaldón
- Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation Research Group (REM), Health Sciences Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe, 30107, Spain
| | - María Isabel Fortea
- Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation Research Group (REM), Health Sciences Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe, 30107, Spain
| | - Teresa Gómez-Morte
- Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation Research Group (REM), Health Sciences Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe, 30107, Spain
| | - V M Gómez-López
- Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation Research Group (REM), Health Sciences Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe, 30107, Spain
| | - Paola Fini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR-IPCF, UOS Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy.
| | - Pinalysa Cosma
- Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro'', Dip. Chimica, Via Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
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8
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Almeida MP, Kock FVC, de Jesus HCR, Carlos RM, Venâncio T. Probing the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of a novel Ru(II) polypyridyl complex and the supramolecular interaction by (STD)-NMR. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 224:111560. [PMID: 34399231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Currently, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are the only anti-Alzheimer drugs commercially available. Despite their wide use those drugs are all dose dependent and their effect last for no longer than two years, with several side effects. The search of novel acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors remains as the main scientific route. Here we describe the synthesis, characterization, biological activity and an NMR binding-target study of a novel cis-[Ru(Bpy)2(EtPy)2]2+, (RuEtPy), Bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine and EtPy = 4,2-Ethylamino-pyridine) as a potential AChE inhibitor. The classic Ellman's colorimetric assay suggests that the RuEtPy exhibits a high inhibitory activity, following a competitive mechanism, with a remarkable low inhibition constant (Ki ≈ 16.8 μM), together with a IC50 = 39 μM. Hence, we have studied the spatial interactions for this novel candidate towards the human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) using saturation transfer difference (STD)-NMR, in order to describe the mechanism of the interaction. NMR binding-target results shows that the 4,2-Ethylamino-Pyridine group is spatially closer to hAChE surface chemical arrangement than 2,2' bipyridine counterpart, exerting an efficient intermolecular interaction, with a low dissociation constant (KD ≈ 55 μM), probing that 4,2-Ethylamino-pyridine motif plays a key role in the inhibitory action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon P Almeida
- Chemistry Department of Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávio V C Kock
- Chemistry Department of Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Hugo C R de Jesus
- Chemistry Department of Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Centre, 4.420 Life Sciences Centre, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada
| | - Rose M Carlos
- Chemistry Department of Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Tiago Venâncio
- Chemistry Department of Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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9
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Zohreband Z, Adeli M, Zebardasti A. Self-healable and flexible supramolecular gelatin/MoS 2 hydrogels with molecular recognition properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:2048-2055. [PMID: 34087295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional MoS2 is emerging as a unique platform for a wide range of biomedical applications including extracellular matrix mimics, drug delivery systems and antimicrobial agents. However, low processability and nonspecific interactions at biointerfaces are serious challenges that hamper the biomedical applications of this nanomaterial. Herein, we show how specific interactions between MoS2 and a gelatin matrix results in a biomimetic hydrogel with the self-healing and molecular recognition properties. β-Cyclodextrin was conjugated to the surface of freshly exfoliated MoS2 through a one pot nucleophilic substitution reaction and the obtained cyclodextrin-functionalized MoS2 was used to construct an injectable, self-healable and flexible supramolecular hydrogel upon host-guest interactions with adamantane-modified gelatin matrix. Incorporation of almost 1 wt% of CDMoS2 into gelatin matrix with 1cm2 cross-section resulted in a hydrogel that was able to tolerate one hundred grams. Also, storage modulus (G'), loss modulus (G″) of the obtained hydrogel was 10 and 25 times higher than that for the neat gelatin, respectively. Due to its self-healing, molecular recognition and mechanical properties as well as its flexibility, injectability, and processability, MoS2gel is a promising candidate for a wide range of future biomedical applications including extracellular matrix mimics and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Zohreband
- Department of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Lorestan 68151-44316, Iran
| | - Mohsen Adeli
- Department of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Lorestan 68151-44316, Iran.
| | - Abedin Zebardasti
- Department of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Lorestan 68151-44316, Iran.
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10
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Yang Y, Zhou H, Xiao Y, Feng L, Yang L, Mu W, Peng X, Bao L, Wang J. Hydrophobic thermoplastic starch supramolecularly-induced by a functional sucrose based ionic liquid crystal. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 255:117363. [PMID: 33436196 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It is still a big challenge to obtain hydrophobic thermoplastic starch with outstanding mechanical performance due to the inevitable usage of typical hydrophilic plasticizers like glycerol during processing. Herein, we report a novel hydrophobic thermoplastic starch using a supramolecularly induced thermoplasticization technique. To achieve this aim, a functional sucrose-based ionic liquid crystal (ILC) including numerous chloride atoms has been firstly synthesized, and the obtained ILC molecules are then used as supramolecular inducers to thermoplasticize corn starch granules. Thermoplasticity and hydrophobicity of the prepared supramolecularly induced thermoplastic starch (STPS) with different ILC contents have been extensively investigated. Mechanism of the supramolecularly induced thermoplasticization has been investigated using molecular simulation as well. The prepared STPS with the maximum tensile strength of 8.4 MPa and water contact angle of about 117° show large potential applications in green and sustainable packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Yang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - He Zhou
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Yao Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002, China
| | - Li Feng
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China; School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Lijun Yang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Wenyun Mu
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Peng
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, PR China
| | - Lixia Bao
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China.
| | - Jiliang Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China.
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Sheikhi M, Rafiemanzelat F, Moroni L, Setayeshmehr M. Ultrahigh-water-content biocompatible gelatin-based hydrogels: Toughened through micro-sized dissipative morphology as an effective strategy. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2021; 120:111750. [PMID: 33545891 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fabrication of simultaneously robust and superabsorbent gelatin-based hydrogels for biomedical applications still remains a challenge due to lack of locally dissipative points in the presence of large water content. Here, we apply a synthesis strategy through which water absorbency and energy dissipative points are separated, and toughening mechanism is active closely at the crack tip. For this, gelatin-based microgels (GeMs) were synthesized in a way that concentrated supramolecular interactions were present to increase the energy necessary to propagate a macroscopic crack. The microgels were interlocked to each other via both temporary hydrophobic associations and permanent covalent crosslinks, in which the sacrificial binds sustained the toughness due to the mobility of the junction zones and particles sliding. However, chemical crosslinking points preserved the integrity and fast recoverability of the hydrogel. Hysteresis increased strongly with increasing supramolecular interactions within the network. The prepared hydrogels showed energy loss and swelling ratio up to 3440 J. m-3 and 830%, respectively, which was not achievable with conventional network fabrication methods. The microgels were also assessed for their in vivo biocompatibility in a rat subcutaneous pocket assay. Results of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining demonstrated regeneration of the tissue around the scaffolds without incorporation of growth factors. Also, vascularization within the scaffolds was observed after 4 weeks implantation. These results indicate that our strategy is a promising method to manipulate those valuable polymers, which lose their toughness and applicability with increasing their water content.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sheikhi
- Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Isfahan 81746-73441, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - F Rafiemanzelat
- Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Isfahan 81746-73441, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - L Moroni
- MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - M Setayeshmehr
- MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Biomaterials, Tissue Engineering and Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
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12
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Fejős I, Kalydi E, Malanga M, Benkovics G, Béni S. Single isomer cyclodextrins as chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1627:461375. [PMID: 32823120 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Since decades, cyclodextrins are one of the most powerful selectors in chiral capillary electrophoresis for the enantioseparation of diverse organic compounds. This review concerns papers published over the last decade (from 2009 until nowadays), dealing with the capillary electrophoretic application of single isomer cyclodextrin derivatives in chiral separations. Following a brief overview of their synthetic approaches, the inventory of the neutral, negatively and positively charged (including both permanently ionic and pH-tunable ionizable substituents) and zwitterionic CD derivatives is presented, with insights to underlying structural aspects by NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling. CE represents an ideal tool to study the weak, non-covalent supramolecular interactions. The published methods are reviewed in the light of enantioselectivity, enantiomer migration order and the fine-tuning of enantiodiscrimination by the substitution pattern of the single entity selector molecules, which is hardly possible for their randomly substituted counterparts. All the reviewed publications herein support that cyclodextrin-based chiral capillary electrophoresis seems to remain a popular choice in pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.
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Jubeen F, Liaqat A, Sultan M, Zafar Iqbal S, Sajid I, Sher F. Green synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 5-fluorouracil derivatives as potent anticancer agents. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 27:1164-1173. [PMID: 31885476 PMCID: PMC6921177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports the formation of 5-FU co-crystals with four different pharmacologically safe co-formers; Urea, Thiourea, Acetanilide and Aspirin using methanol as a solvent. Two fabrication schemes were followed i.e., solid-state grinding protocol, in which API and co-formers were mixed through vigorous grinding while in the other method separate solutions of both the components were made and mixed together. The adopted approaches offer easy fabrication protocols, no temperature maintenance requirements, no need of expensive solvents, hardly available apparatus, isolation and purification of the desired products. In addition, there is no byproducts formation, In fact, a phenomenon embracing the requirements of green synthesis. Through FTIR analysis; for API the N-H absorption frequency was recorded at 3409.02 cm-1 and that of -C[bond, double bond]O was observed at 1647.77 cm-1. These characteristics peaks of 5-FU were significantly shifted and recorded at 3499.40 cm-1 and 1649.62 cm-1 for 5-FU-Ac (3B) and 3496.39 cm-1 and 1659.30 cm-1 for 5-FU-As (4B) co-crystals for N-H and -C[bond, double bond]O groups respectively. The structural differences between API and co-crystals were further confirmed through PXRD analysis. The characteristic peak of 5-FU at 2θ = 28.79918o was significantly shifted in the graphs of co-crystals not only in position but also with respect to intensity and FWHM values. In addition, new peaks were also recorded in all the spectra of co-formers confirming the structural differences between API and co-formers. In addition, percent growth inhibition was also observed by all the co-crystals through MTT assay against HCT 116 colorectal cell lines in vitro. At four different concentrations; 25, 50, 100 and 200 µg/mL, slightly different trends of the effectiveness of API and co-crystals were observed. However; among all the co-crystal forms, 5-FU-thiourea co-crystals obtained through solution method (2B) proved to be the most effective growth inhibitor at all the four above mentioned concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhat Jubeen
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Liaqat
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Misbah Sultan
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Sania Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Imran Sajid
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Farooq Sher
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Automotive Engineering, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
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14
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Deng F, Zhou H, Chen J, Huang H, Tian J, Huang Q, Wen Y, Liu M, Zhang X, Wei Y. Surface modification of fluorescent Tb 3+-doped layered double hydroxides with hyperbranched polymers through host-guest interaction. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2019; 104:109976. [PMID: 31499989 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of fluorescent inorganic-organic polymer composites for biomedical applications has become one of the most interest research focuses recently. In this work, we reported a novel method for the preparation of Tb3+-doped luminescent layered double hydroxides (LDHs) based composites by taken advantage of a one-pot supramolecular chemistry. The adamantane can be immobilized on the surface of Tb3+-doped LDHs to obtain LDH-Ad, which could be further utilized for modified by the β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) containing hyperbranched polyglycerols (β-CD-HPG) through the host-guest interaction. Based on the characterization results, we demonstrated that the hyperbranched polyglycerol could be facilely introduced on these fluorescent Tb3+-doped LDHs through the method described in this work. The obtained Tb3+-doped LDHs based polymer composites (LDHs-β-CD-HPG) display improved water dispersibility and still maintain their fluorescence. The results based on various biological assays suggest that LDHs-β-CD-HPG polymer composites are of low cytotoxicity and their cell uptake behavior can be effectively traced using confocal laser imaging. All of the above results demonstrated that the fluorescent Tb3+-doped LDHs based polymer composites could be effectively surface modified with hydrophilic hyperbranched polymers through a one-pot facile host-guest interaction and the resultant fluorescent composites are of excellent physicochemical properties and display great potential for biomedical applications. This novel surface modification method should also be important for fabrication of other multifunctional composites and therefore great advanced the development of biomedical applications of fluorescent LDHs based polymer composites and related materials.
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Viana EOR, Cruz MDFSJ, da Silva MJ, Pereira GM, da Silva BP, Tinoco LW, Parente JP. Structural characterization of a complex triterpenoid saponin from Albizia lebbeck and investigation of its permeability property and supramolecular interactions with membrane constituents. Carbohydr Res 2019; 471:105-114. [PMID: 30530094 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As part of the ongoing efforts in discovering potentially bioactive natural products from medicinal plants, the present study was conducted to isolate a new complex triterpenoid saponin from the barks of Albizia lebbeck. It was isolated by using chromatographic methods and its structural elucidation was performed using detailed analyses of 1H and 13C NMR spectra including 2D-NMR (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC and HMBC) spectroscopic techniques, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS) analysis and chemical conversions. Its structure was established as 21-[[(2E,6S)-6-[6-deoxy-4-O-[(2E,6S)-6-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methyl-1-oxo-2,7-octadienyl]-[(β-d-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methyl-1-oxo-2,7-octadienyl]-[(β-d-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-2,6-dimethyl-1-oxo-2,7-octadienyl]oxy]-16-hydroxy-3-[[O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-O-α-l-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-(3β,16α,21β)-olean-12-en-28-oic acid O-α-l-arabinofuranosyl-(1 → 4)-O-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-O-6-deoxy-α-l-mannopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl ester (1). Additionally, this study aimed to investigate the permeability property of 1, its activity on membrane integrity and supramolecular interactions with cellular constituents using in vitro experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine O R Viana
- Laboratório de Química de Plantas Medicinais, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, P.O. Box 68045, CEP 21941-971, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima S J Cruz
- Laboratório de Química de Plantas Medicinais, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, P.O. Box 68045, CEP 21941-971, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marília J da Silva
- Laboratório de Química de Plantas Medicinais, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, P.O. Box 68045, CEP 21941-971, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriela M Pereira
- Laboratório de Química de Plantas Medicinais, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, P.O. Box 68045, CEP 21941-971, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bernadete P da Silva
- Laboratório de Química de Plantas Medicinais, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, P.O. Box 68045, CEP 21941-971, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luzineide W Tinoco
- Laboratório Multiusuário de Análises por Ressonância Magnética Nuclear, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José P Parente
- Laboratório de Química de Plantas Medicinais, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, P.O. Box 68045, CEP 21941-971, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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16
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Hammer BAG, Müllen K. Expanding the limits of synthetic macromolecular chemistry through Polyphenylene Dendrimers. J Nanopart Res 2018; 20:262. [PMID: 30363718 PMCID: PMC6182379 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-018-4364-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenylene dendrimers (PPDs) are a unique class of macromolecules because their backbone is made from twisted benzene repeat units that result in a rigid, shape-persistent architecture as reported by Hammer et al. (Chem Soc Rev 44:4072-4090, 2015) and Hammer and Müllen (Chem Rev 116:2103-210, 2016) These dendrimers can be synthetically tailored at their core, scaffold, and surface to introduce a wide range of chemical functionalities that influence their applications. It is the balance between the macromolecular properties of polyphenylene dendrimers with grandiose synthetic ingenuity that presents a template for the next generation of synthetic dendrimers to achieve complex structures other chemistry fields cannot. This perspective will look at how advances in synthetic chemistry have led to an explosion in the properties of polyphenylene dendrimers from their initial stage, as PPDs that were used as precursors for nanographenes, to next-generation dendrimers for organic electronic devices, sensors for volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nanocarriers for small molecules, and even as complexes with therapeutic drugs and viruses, among others. Ideally, this perspective will illustrate how the evolution of synthetic chemistry has influenced the possible structures and properties of PPDs and how these chemical modifications have opened the door to unprecedented applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenton A. G. Hammer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff St. 91330, Northridge, CA USA
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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17
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Scilabra P, Kumar V, Ursini M, Resnati G. Close contacts involving germanium and tin in crystal structures: experimental evidence of tetrel bonds. J Mol Model 2018; 24:37. [PMID: 29313131 PMCID: PMC5758658 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-017-3573-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Modeling indicates the presence of a region of low electronic density (a "σ-hole") on group 14 elements, and this offers an explanation for the ability of these elements to act as electrophilic sites and to form attractive interactions with nucleophiles. While many papers have described theoretical investigations of interactions involving carbon and silicon, such investigations of the heavier group 14 elements are relatively scarce. The purpose of this review is to rectify, to some extent, the current lack of experimental data on interactions formed by germanium and tin with nucleophiles. A survey of crystal structures in the Cambridge Structural Database is reported. This survey reveals that close contacts between Ge or Sn and lone-pair-possessing atoms are quite common, they can be either intra- or intermolecular contacts, and they are usually oriented along the extension of the covalent bond formed by the tetrel with the most electron-withdrawing substituent. Several examples are discussed in which germanium and tin atoms bear four carbon residues or in which halogen, oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen substituents replace one, two, or three of those carbon residues. These close contacts are assumed to be the result of attractive interactions between the involved atoms and afford experimental evidence of the ability of germanium and tin to act as electrophilic sites, namely tetrel bond (TB) donors. This ability can govern the conformations and the packing of organic derivatives in the solid state. TBs can therefore be considered a promising and robust tool for crystal engineering. Graphical abstract Intra- and intermolecular tetrel bonds involving organogermanium and -tin derivatives in crystalline solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Scilabra
- NFMLab-D.C.M.I.C. "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Vijith Kumar
- NFMLab-D.C.M.I.C. "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ursini
- NFMLab-D.C.M.I.C. "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Resnati
- NFMLab-D.C.M.I.C. "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy.
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18
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Saha R, Biswas S, Dey SK, Sen A, Roy M, Steele IM, Dey K, Ghosh A, Kumar S. Thermally induced single crystal to single crystal transformation leading to polymorphism. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2014; 130:526-533. [PMID: 24813281 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The robust complex [La(1,10-phen)2(NO3)3] (1,10-phen=1,10-phenanthroline) exhibits thermally induced single crystal to single crystal transformation from one polymorphic phase to another. The complex crystallizes in monoclinic C2/c space group with C2 molecular symmetry at 293K while at 100K it shows P21/c space group with C1 molecular symmetry. Supramolecular investigation shows that at 100K the complex forms 2D achiral sheets whereas at 293K forms two different homochiral 2D sheets. Low temperature DSC analysis indicates that this structural transformation occurs at 246K and also this transformation is reversible in nature. We have shown that thermally induced coherent movement of ligands changes the molecular symmetry of the complex and leads to polymorphism. Photoluminescence property of complex has been studied in both solid state and in methanolic solution at room temperature. The effect of the presence low-lying LUMO orbital of π-character in the complex is elucidated by theoretical calculation using DFT method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Saha
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Susobhan Biswas
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sanjoy Kumar Dey
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India; Department of Physics, NITMAS, 24-paragana(S) 743368, India
| | - Arijit Sen
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Madhusudan Roy
- Applied Material Science Division, SINP, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Ian M Steele
- Department of the Geophysical Sciences, The University of Chicago, USA
| | - Kamalendu Dey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, India. kdey_chem.@rediffmail.com
| | - Ashutosh Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700009, India.
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
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