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Yalçın S, Okudan EŞ, Karakaş Ö, Önem AN. Determination of Major Phytohormones in Fourteen Different Seaweeds Utilizing SPE–LC–MS/MS. J Chromatogr Sci 2019; 58:98-108. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmz074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Analysis of plant growth regulators (PGRs) should be approached by considering their extremely low concentrations and serious interfering effects that result from the matrix of various plant tissues. In the current research, the separation and simultaneous determination of different classes of phytohormones in 14 seaweeds collected from Turkey seashores were achieved by using solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by a rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass detection method. OASIS HLB (Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance) cartridges were successfully used for SPE process to eliminate the matrix effect and enhance the PGRs including zeatin, benzyl amino purine, indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid and gibberellic acid within partially different polarities. Based on the optimized experimental conditions, the method presented excellent performance related to linearity (r, 0.9996–0.9999) within the ranges of 0.5–500 ng/mL, relative standard deviation values ((1.43–2.01) for intraday and (2.36–3.50) for interday)), the limit of detection (0.01–0.84 μg/L) and the limit of quantification (0.02–2.76 μg/L). The obtained results confirm that the SPE–liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method performed is highly effective and convenient for routine analyses of trace amounts of the tested phytohormones in seaweeds and any other plant samples as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Yalçın
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul 34320, Turkey
| | - Emine Şükran Okudan
- Marine Biology Department, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Özge Karakaş
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul 34320, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Nur Önem
- Application & Research Center for the Measurement of Food Antioxidants, Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa, Avcılar, Istanbul 34320, Turkey
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Roopan SM. An Overview of Phytoconstituents, Biotechnological Applications, and Nutritive Aspects of Coconut (Cocos nucifera). Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 179:1309-24. [PMID: 27052209 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2067-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cocos nucifera is one of the highest nutritional and medicinal value plants with various fractions of proteins which play a major role in several biological applications such as anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-neoplastic, anti-parasitic, insecticidal, and leishmanicidal activities. This review is focused on several biotechnological, biomedical aspects of various solvent extracts collected from different parts of coconut and the phytochemical constituents which are present in it. The results obtained from this source will facilitate most of the researchers to focus their work toward the process of diagnosing diseases in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Mohana Roopan
- Chemistry of Heterocycles & Natural Product Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore, 632 014, India.
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Lu S, Wen Y, Bai L, Liu G, Chen Y, Du H, Wang X. pH-controlled voltammetric behaviors and detection of phytohormone 6-benzylaminopurine using MWCNT/GCE. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Analyses of Phytohormones in Coconut (Cocos Nucifera L.) Water Using Capillary Electrophoresis-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/chromatography1040211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Dos Santos VS, Marques MR, Gouvea DR, Lopes NP, Neto VBDP, Carollo CA. Metabolic response of Adenocalymma peregrinum during regeneration of the aerial parts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.4081/pb.2014.5363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
<em>Adenocalymma peregrinum</em>, popularly known as <em>ciganinha</em>, is an aggressive pasture invader. This species has a vegetative propagation mechanism that includes aerial latent buds and subterranean stalks activated by cuts and other lesions. In the present study, we evaluated the levels of cytokinins and secondary metabolites in <em>A. peregrinum</em> during regeneration of the aerial part. Plants used in this experiment were established in the field and were cut at intervals of five days until the 25th day. The regeneration of the cut plants started on the 10th day after the first cut. Among observed compounds, only kinetin, allantoin and the iridoide 6-β-hydroxyipolamiide were detected at adequate levels for comparative evaluation. The maximum levels of these compounds coincided with the beginning of regeneration in these plants, indicating the involvement of these compounds in the regeneration process.
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Tarkowská D, Novák O, Floková K, Tarkowski P, Turečková V, Grúz J, Rolčík J, Strnad M. Quo vadis plant hormone analysis? PLANTA 2014; 240:55-76. [PMID: 24677098 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant hormones act as chemical messengers in the regulation of myriads of physiological processes that occur in plants. To date, nine groups of plant hormones have been identified and more will probably be discovered. Furthermore, members of each group may participate in the regulation of physiological responses in planta both alone and in concert with members of either the same group or other groups. The ideal way to study biochemical processes involving these signalling molecules is 'hormone profiling', i.e. quantification of not only the hormones themselves, but also their biosynthetic precursors and metabolites in plant tissues. However, this is highly challenging since trace amounts of all of these substances are present in highly complex plant matrices. Here, we review advances, current trends and future perspectives in the analysis of all currently known plant hormones and the associated problems of extracting them from plant tissues and separating them from the numerous potentially interfering compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR and Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic,
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Teixeira da Silva JA, Kerbauy GB, Zeng S, Chen Z, Duan J. In vitroflowering of orchids. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2013; 34:56-76. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2013.807219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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8
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Liu Z, Yuan BF, Feng YQ. Tandem solid phase extraction followed by online trapping-hydrophilic interaction chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for sensitive detection of endogenous cytokinins in plant tissues. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2012; 23:559-68. [PMID: 22323190 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cytokinins (CKs) are a group of plant hormones that play pivotal roles at low concentration in plant growth, development and regulatory pathways. In order to study the function, metabolism and signal transduction of CKs, high performance analytical techniques are required for determination of their endogenous levels. OBJECTIVE To develop a highly sensitive, selective and reliable method for identification and quantification of CKs by employing a tandem solid phase extraction (SPE)-online trapping-hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC)-MS/MS method. MATERIAL AND METHODS The extraction was performed firstly with tandem SPE containing a C(18) cartridge and a silica@C(8) /SO(3) H cartridge. After CKs were eluted from the silica@C(8)/SO(3) H cartridge, the desorption solvent was concentrated and redissolved in H(2)O and then injected into the online trapping-HILIC-MS/MS system with (Poly(MAA-co-EGDMA)) monolith as the trapping column. Subsequently, trapping, washing, desorption, separation and detection were accomplished automatically on the system. RESULTS Good linearities were obtained for eight cytokinins with correlation coefficients (R(2)) > 0.9964. The limits of detection (LOD; S:N = 3) for the targets ranged from 0.042 to 1.6 pg/mL. Reproducibility of the method was evaluated with intraday and interday relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 13.4% and the recoveries ranged from 77.3% to 116.3%. The results showed that the LOD of the analytical method were at least one order of magnitude lower compared with other previously reported methods. Furthermore, only 20 mg of plant tissues were required for the quantitative analysis of the major CKs, which is, to the best of our knowledge, the smallest amount reported so far for the determination of endogenous CKs in plant tissues. CONCLUSION The tandem SPE-online trapping-HILIC-MS/MS method developed in current study provides a powerful tool for the convenient and highly sensitive quantification of the major CKs in plant tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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Liu Z, Cai BD, Feng YQ. Rapid determination of endogenous cytokinins in plant samples by combination of magnetic solid phase extraction with hydrophilic interaction chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 891-892:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Analytical methods for tracing plant hormones. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:55-74. [PMID: 22215246 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5623-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2011] [Revised: 11/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Plant hormones play important roles in regulating numerous aspects of plant growth, development, and response to stress. In the past decade, more analytical methods for the accurate identification and quantitative determination of trace plant hormones have been developed to better our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of plant hormones. As sample preparation is often the bottleneck in analysis of plant hormones in biological samples, this review firstly discusses sample preparation techniques after a brief introduction to the classes, roles, and methods used in the analysis of plant hormones. The analytical methods, especially chromatographic techniques and immuno-based methods, are reviewed in detail, and their corresponding advantages, limitations, applications, and prospects are also discussed. This review mainly covers reports published from 2000 to the present on methods for the analysis of plant hormones.
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11
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Breadmore MC. Capillary and microchip electrophoresis: Challenging the common conceptions. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1221:42-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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12
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Han Z, Liu G, Rao Q, Bai B, Zhao Z, Liu H, Wu A. A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of acid/alkaline phytohormones in grapes. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 881-882:83-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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13
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Rodrigues C, Vandenberghe LPDS, de Oliveira J, Soccol CR. New perspectives of gibberellic acid production: a review. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2011; 32:263-73. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2011.615297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Chen W, Gai Y, Liu S, Wang R, Jiang X. Quantitative analysis of cytokinins in plants by high performance liquid chromatography: electronspray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2010; 52:925-32. [PMID: 20883444 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2010.00989.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The present paper introduces a highly sensitive and selective method for simultaneous quantification of 12 cytokinins (free form and their conjugates). The method includes a protocol of extraction with methanol/water/formic acid (15/4/1, v/v/v) to the micro-scale samples, pre-purification with solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges of the extracts, separation with a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and detection by an electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry (ESI-Ion trap-MS) system in a consecutive ion monitoring (CRM) mode at the three stage fragmentation of mass spectrometry (MS(3) ). The lowest detection level of the cytokinins of the method reaches 0.1-2.0 pg with a very wide range of linear regression from 1-512 pg, at the coefficient factors of 0.98-0.99. The feasibility of this method has been proven in the application of the method to the analysis of the trace-amount contents of cytokinins in the micro-scale samples of various types of plant materials, such as aerial parts of rice and poplar leaves etc. 12 endogenous cytokinins had been identified and quantified in the plant tissues, with an acceptable relatively higher recovery rate from 40% to 70%.
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Wu Y, Hu B. Simultaneous determination of several phytohormones in natural coconut juice by hollow fiber-based liquid–liquid–liquid microextraction-high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:7657-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Revised: 09/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Ravelo-Pérez LM, Asensio-Ramos M, Hernández-Borges J, Rodríguez-Delgado MA. Recent food safety and food quality applications of CE-MS. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:1624-46. [PMID: 19360778 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The first on-line coupling of CE with MS detection more than 20 years ago provided a very powerful technique with a wide variety of applications, among which food analysis is of special interest, especially that dealing with food safety and food quality applications, the major topics of public interest nowadays. With this review article, we would like to show the most recent applications of CE-MS in both fields by recompiling and commenting articles published between January 2004 and October 2008. Although both applications are difficult to separate from each other, we have included in this work two main sections dealing with each specific field. Future trends will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia M Ravelo-Pérez
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain
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Sim GE, Goh CJ, Loh CS. Induction of in vitro flowering in Dendrobium Madame Thong-In (Orchidaceae) seedlings is associated with increase in endogenous N(6)-(Delta (2)-isopentenyl)-adenine (iP) and N (6)-(Delta (2)-isopentenyl)-adenosine (iPA) levels. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2008; 27:1281-1289. [PMID: 18478234 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-008-0551-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2007] [Revised: 04/07/2008] [Accepted: 04/17/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We analysed the endogenous cytokinin levels of Dendrobium Madame Thong-In seedlings grown in vitro during vegetative and flowering-inductive periods. HPLC was used to fractionate the extracts and radioimmunoassay (RIA) was used for assay of zeatin (Z), dihydrozeatin (DZ), N(6)-(Delta(2)-isopentenyl)-adenine (iP) and their derivatives. Coconut water used in experiments was found to contain high level (>136 pmol ml(-1)) of zeatin riboside (ZR). Protocorms and seedlings cultured in medium with coconut water were found to contain 0.5-3.9 pmol g(-1) FW of the cytokinins analysed. Seedlings (1.0-1.5 cm) cultured in flowering-inductive liquid medium containing 6-benzyladenine (BA, 4.4 muM) and coconut water (CW, 15%) contained up to 200 and 133 pmol g(-1) FW of iP and iPA, respectively. These levels were significantly higher than all other cytokinins analysed in seedlings of the same stage and were about 80- to 150-folds higher than seedlings cultured in non-inductive medium. During the transitional (vegetative to reproductive) stage, the endogenous levels of iP (178 pmol g(-1) FW) and iPA (63 pmol g(-1) FW) were also significantly higher than cytokinins in the zeatine (Z) and dihydrozeatin (DZ) families in the same seedlings. Seedlings that grew on inductive medium but remained vegetative contained lower levels of iPA. The importance of the profiles of iP and its derivatives in induction of in vitro flowering of D. Madame Thong-In is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guek Eng Sim
- Plant Biotechnology and Agrotechnology Section, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Singapore Polytechnic, 500 Dover Road, Singapore, Singapore, 139651
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Ge L, Yong JWH, Tan SN, Hua L, Ong ES. Analyses of gibberellins in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) water by partial filling-micellar electrokinetic chromatography-mass spectrometry with reversal of electroosmotic flow. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:2126-34. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ge L, Tan SN, Yong JWH, Hua L, Ong ES. Separation of cytokinin isomers with a partial filling-micellar electrokinetic chromatography-mass spectrometry approach. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:2024-32. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Simpson SL, Quirino JP, Terabe S. On-line sample preconcentration in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1184:504-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2007] [Revised: 10/30/2007] [Accepted: 11/01/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Simultaneous analysis of different classes of phytohormones in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) water using high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry after solid-phase extraction. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 610:274-81. [PMID: 18291140 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2007] [Revised: 01/17/2008] [Accepted: 01/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) water, which contains many uncharacterized phytohormones is extensively used as a growth promoting supplement in plant tissue culture. In this paper, a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of various classes phytohormones, including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA), zeatin (Z), N(6)-benzyladenine (BA), alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in young coconut water (CW). The analysis was carried out using a reverse-phase HPLC gradient elution, with an aqueous mobile phase (containing 0.1% formic acid, pH adjusted to 3.2 with triethylamine (TEA)) modified by methanol, and solute detection made at 265 nm wavelength. The method was validated for specificity, quantification, accuracy and precision. After preconcentration of putative endogenous phytohormones in CW using C(18) solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges, the HPLC method was able to screen for putative endogenous phytohormones present in CW. Finally, the identities of the putative phytohormones present in CW were further confirmed using independent liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) interface.
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Metabolism of plant hormones cytokinins and their function in signaling, cell differentiation and plant development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(08)80028-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Ge L, Peh CYC, Yong JWH, Tan SN, Hua L, Ong ES. Analyses of gibberellins by capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry combined with solid-phase extraction. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1159:242-9. [PMID: 17543977 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2006] [Revised: 04/27/2007] [Accepted: 05/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new, simple and rapid capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) method, using a cationic polymer-coated capillary to reverse electroosmotic flow, is proposed and validated for the separation and simultaneous quantification of 11 gibberellins (GAs). Under optimum conditions, a baseline separation of 11 GAs, including GA1, GA3, GA4, GA5, GA6, GA7, GA13, GA19, GA20, GA24 and GA53 was accomplished within 25 min using 70 mM ammonium formate/formic acid buffer (pH 3.8) and 2% (v/v) acetonitrile with -25 kV as the separation voltage. Satisfactory results were obtained in terms of linearity (R2 between 0.984 and 0.995), precision (RSD of migration time below 0.8%) and sensitivity (LOD between 0.31 and 1.02 microM). Furthermore, a novel solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedure was developed for the pre-concentration and purification of GAs using Oasis MAX cartridges. The combination of SPE and CE-MS approach was applied to screen for endogenous GAs present in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) water sample. To illustrate the applicability of the method, GA1 and GA3 were successfully detected and quantified in coconut water. Finally, the GA1 and GA3 identities were further unequivocally confirmed by CE-tandem MS experiments operating in the multiple reaction monitoring mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Ge
- Natural Sciences and Science Education Academic Group, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Singapore
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Abstract
Analyses of cytokinins are very important in both plant physiological and biomedical research as they are implicated in many biological processes. Reliable, sensitive, selective and inexpensive methods that are flexible and designed for automation are required for these analyses. This review addresses the advances made in the separation and determination of cytokinins by CE as well as the other applications of CE (i.e., determination of dissociation constants and complexation constants of cytokinins). The various CE modes used to separate the compounds and the quantification strategies are examined. Special attention is also focused on those aspects that improve on the sensitivity and/or selectivity, such as sample extraction and preconcentration, on-line preconcentration techniques (stacking), and/or specific detectors (e.g., MS). With the coupling to the preconcentration techniques and certain detection systems, numerous CE methods can potentially be adapted for the analysis of cytokinins in complex biological samples. Therefore, we would anticipate wider applications of CE methods in the near future for cytokinin analyses, which should facilitate a decrease in analysis cost and should help to improve analysis efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Ge
- Natural Sciences and Science Education Academic Group, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2007; 42:407-418. [PMID: 17326037 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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Monton MRN, Soga T. Metabolome analysis by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1168:237-46; discussion 236. [PMID: 17376458 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2006] [Revised: 01/26/2007] [Accepted: 02/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE)-mass spectrometry (MS), as an analytical platform, has made significant contributions in advancing metabolomics research, if still limited up to this time. This review, covering reports published between 1998 and 2006, describes how CE-MS has been used thus far in this field, with the majority of the works dealing with targeted metabolite analyses and only a small fraction using it in the comprehensive context. It also discusses how some of the key features of CE-MS were exploited in selected metabolomic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rowena N Monton
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0017, Japan
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Barciszewski J, Massino F, Clark BFC. Kinetin--a multiactive molecule. Int J Biol Macromol 2007; 40:182-92. [PMID: 16899291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2006.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2006] [Revised: 06/30/2006] [Accepted: 06/30/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cytokinins are important adenine derivatives that serve as hormones to control many processes in plants. They were discovered as factors that promote cell division in tobacco tissue cultures and have been shown also to regulate several other developmental events. Kinetin which was isolated 50 years ago for the first time as a plant hormone, as well as other cytokinins isopentenyladenine, zeatin and benzylaminopurine induce callus (clusters of dedifferentiated plant cells) to redifferentiate into adventitious buds. Because of some similarities in the biological phenotypes of cancer and callus cells, cytokinins and especially kinetin, affect the differentiation of human cells through a common signal transduction system. Therefore, cytokinins found their way to use in molecular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Barciszewski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12, 61-704 Poznan, Poland.
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Ong ES, Ong CN. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of toosendanin in Melia toosendan Sieb. Et Zucc (Meliaceae) with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2007; 21:589-98. [PMID: 17262897 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Toosendanin (TSN) is a triterpenoid derivative found in Melia toosendan Sieb. Et Zucc (Meliaceae) or chinaberry. TSN present in the medicinal plants was first isolated and established by spectroscopic methods. In this report, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation using columns of smaller particle size with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(n)) was used for the rapid determination of TSN in botanical extracts. A comparison of different fragmentation patterns shows that the results from positive and negative ion electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS(n) are complementary. The two modes can yield structurally significant information for the characterization and rapid identification of TSN in botanical extracts. The data obtained showed that MS(3) generated more characteristic ions that are useful for the identification of TSN in unknown samples. The separation of TSN was achieved with a water/acetonitrile gradient system using a short C18 reversed-phase column with small particle size (50 x 2.0 mm, 3.5 microm). With LC/MS, the quantitative analysis of TSN in the botanical extracts was done using external standard calibration and the method precision was found to vary from 4.3 to 7.6% (RSD, n = 5) on different days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eng Shi Ong
- Department of Community, Occupational and Family Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore.
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32
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Hernández-Borges J, Borges-Miquel TM, Rodríguez-Delgado MA, Cifuentes A. Sample treatments prior to capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1153:214-26. [PMID: 17098242 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2006] [Revised: 10/13/2006] [Accepted: 10/30/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Sample preparation is a crucial part of chemical analysis and in most cases can become the bottleneck of the whole analytical process. Its adequacy is a key factor in determining the success of the analysis and, therefore, careful selection and optimization of the parameters controlling sample treatment should be carried out. This work revises the different strategies that have been developed for sample preparation prior to capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS). Namely the present work presents an exhaustive and critical revision of the different samples treatments used together with on-line CE-MS including works published from January 2000 to July 2006.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Hernández-Borges
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez s/n, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
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