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Hang Y, Boryczka J, Wu N. Visible-light and near-infrared fluorescence and surface-enhanced Raman scattering point-of-care sensing and bio-imaging: a review. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:329-375. [PMID: 34897302 PMCID: PMC9135580 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00621d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This review article deals with the concepts, principles and applications of visible-light and near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in in vitro point-of-care testing (POCT) and in vivo bio-imaging. It has discussed how to utilize the biological transparency windows to improve the penetration depth and signal-to-noise ratio, and how to use surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to amplify fluorescence and SERS signals. This article has highlighted some plasmonic fluorescence and SERS probes. It has also reviewed the design strategies of fluorescent and SERS sensors in the detection of metal ions, small molecules, proteins and nucleic acids. Particularly, it has provided perspectives on the integration of fluorescent and SERS sensors into microfluidic chips as lab-on-chips to realize point-of-care testing. It has also discussed the design of active microfluidic devices and non-paper- or paper-based lateral flow assays for in vitro diagnostics. In addition, this article has discussed the strategies to design in vivo NIR fluorescence and SERS bio-imaging platforms for monitoring physiological processes and disease progression in live cells and tissues. Moreover, it has highlighted the applications of POCT and bio-imaging in testing toxins, heavy metals, illicit drugs, cancers, traumatic brain injuries, and infectious diseases such as COVID-19, influenza, HIV and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Hang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003-9303, USA.
| | - Jennifer Boryczka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003-9303, USA.
| | - Nianqiang Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003-9303, USA.
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Han X, Liu Y, Yin J, Yue M, Mu Y. Microfluidic devices for multiplexed detection of foodborne pathogens. Food Res Int 2021; 143:110246. [PMID: 33992358 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The global burden of foodborne diseases is substantial and foodborne pathogens are the major cause for human illnesses. In order to prevent the spread of foodborne pathogens, detection methods are constantly being updated towards rapid, portable, inexpensive, and multiplexed on-site detection. Due to the nature of the small size and low volume, microfluidics has been applied to rapid, time-saving, sensitive, and portable devices to meet the requirements of on-site detection. Simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens is another key parameter to ensure food safety. Multiplexed detection technology, including microfluidic chip design, offers a new opportunity to achieve this goal. In this review, we introduced several sample preparation and corresponding detection methods on microfluidic devices for multiplexed detection of foodborne pathogens. In the sample preparation section, methods of cell capture and enrichment, as well as nucleic acid sample preparation, were described in detail, and in the section of detection methods, amplification, immunoassay, surface plasmon resonance and impedance spectroscopy were exhaustively illustrated. The limitations and advantages of all available experimental options were also summarized and discussed in order to form a comprehensive understanding of cutting-edge technologies and provide a comparative assessment for future investigation and in-field application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Han
- Research Centre for Analytical Instrumentation, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310023, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yuanhui Liu
- Research Centre for Analytical Instrumentation, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310023, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Juxin Yin
- Research Centre for Analytical Instrumentation, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310023, PR China
| | - Min Yue
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, PR China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, PR China.
| | - Ying Mu
- Research Centre for Analytical Instrumentation, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310023, PR China.
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Phuakrod A, Sripumkhai W, Jeamsaksiri W, Pattamang P, Juntasaro E, Thienthong T, Foongladda S, Brindley PJ, Wongkamchai S. Diagnosis of feline filariasis assisted by a novel semi-automated microfluidic device in combination with high resolution melting real-time PCR. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:159. [PMID: 30961652 PMCID: PMC6454708 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3421-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of filariasis traditionally relies on the detection of circulating microfilariae (mf) using Giemsa-stained thick blood smears. This approach has several limitations. We developed a semi-automated microfluidic device to improve and simplify the detection of filarial nematodes. METHODS The efficiency and repeatability of the microfluidic device was evaluated. Human EDTA blood samples were 'spiked' with B. malayi mf at high, moderate, and low levels, and subsequently tested 10 times. The device was also used for a field survey of feline filariasis in 383 domesticated cats in an area of Narathiwat Province, Thailand, the endemic area of Brugia malayi infection. RESULTS In the control blood arbitrarily spiked with mf, the high level, moderate level and low level mf-positive controls yielded coefficient variation (CV) values of 4.44, 4.16 and 4.66%, respectively, at the optimized flow rate of 6 µl/min. During the field survey of feline filariasis in Narathiwat Province, the device detected mf in the blood of 34 of 383 cats (8.9%) whereas mf were detected in 28 (7.3%) cats using the blood smear test. Genomic DNA was extracted from mf trapped in the device after which high-resolution melting (HRM) real-time PCR assay was carried out, which enabled the simultaneous diagnosis of filarial species. Among the 34 mf-positive samples, 12 were identified as B. malayi, 15 as Dirofilaria immitis and 7 as| D. repens. CONCLUSIONS We developed a semi-automated microfluidic device to detect mf of filarial parasites that could be used to diagnose lymphatic filariasis in human populations. This novel device facilitates rapid, higher-throughput detection and identification of infection with filariae in blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achinya Phuakrod
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Witsaroot Sripumkhai
- Thai Microelectronic Center, National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Wutthinan Jeamsaksiri
- Thai Microelectronic Center, National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Pattaraluck Pattamang
- Thai Microelectronic Center, National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Ekachai Juntasaro
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Therdthai Thienthong
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suporn Foongladda
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paul J Brindley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine & Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sirichit Wongkamchai
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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4
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Prastowo A, Feuerborn A, Cook PR, Walsh EJ. Biocompatibility of fluids for multiphase drops-in-drops microfluidics. Biomed Microdevices 2017; 18:114. [PMID: 27921279 PMCID: PMC5138278 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-016-0137-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This paper addresses the biocompatibility of fluids and surfactants in the context of microfluidics and more specifically in a drops-in-drops system for mammalian cell based drug screening. In the drops-in-drops approach, three immiscible fluids are used to manipulate the flow of aqueous microliter-sized drops; it enables merging of drops containing cells with drops containing drugs within a Teflon tube. Preliminary tests showed that a commonly-used fluid and surfactant combination resulted in significant variability in gene expression levels in Jurkat cells after exposure to a drug for four hours. This result led to further investigations of potential fluid and surfactant combinations that can be used in microfluidic systems for medium to long-term drug screening. Results herein identify a fluid combination, HFE-7500 and 5-cSt silicone oil + 0.25% Abil EM180, which enabled the drops-in-drops approach; this combination also allowed gene expression at normal levels comparable with the conventional drug screening in both magnitude and variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishah Prastowo
- Osney Thermo-Fluids Laboratory, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Osney Mead, Oxford, OX2 0ES, UK
| | - Alexander Feuerborn
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Peter R Cook
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Edmond J Walsh
- Osney Thermo-Fluids Laboratory, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Osney Mead, Oxford, OX2 0ES, UK.
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5
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Abstract
Since the Human Genome Project completed in 2000, the sequencing of the first genome, massive progress has been made by medical science in the early diagnosis and personalized therapies based on nucleic acids (NA) analysis. To allow the extensive use of these molecular methods in medical practice, scientific research is nowadays strongly focusing on the development of new miniaturized and easy-to-use technologies and devices allowing fast and low cost NA analysis in decentralized environments. It is now the era of so-called genetic "Point-of-Care" (PoC). These systems must integrate and automate all steps necessary for molecular analysis such as sample preparation (extraction and purification of NA) and detection based on PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) technology in order to perform, by unskilled personnel, in vitro genetic analysis near the patient (in hospital, in the physician office, clinic, or home), with rapid answers and low cost. In this review, the recent advances in genetic PoC technologies are discussed, including the extraction and PCR amplification chemistry suitable for PoC use and the new frontiers of research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabrina Conoci
- STMicroelectronics, Stradale Primosole 50, 95121 Catania, Italy
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6
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Van Simaeys D, Turek D, Champanhac C, Vaizer J, Sefah K, Zhen J, Sutphen R, Tan W. Identification of cell membrane protein stress-induced phosphoprotein 1 as a potential ovarian cancer biomarker using aptamers selected by cell systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment. Anal Chem 2014; 86:4521-7. [PMID: 24654750 PMCID: PMC4018121 DOI: 10.1021/ac500466x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe the elucidation of the target of an aptamer against ovarian cancer previously obtained by cell-SELEX (SELEX = systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment). The target's identity, stress-induced phosphoprotein 1 (STIP1), was determined by mass spectrometry and validated by flow cytometry, using siRNA silencing and protein blotting. Initial oncologic studies show that the aptamer inhibits cell invasion, indicating that STIP1, which is currently under investigation as a potential biomarker for ovarian cancer, plays a critical role in this process. These results serve as an excellent example of how protein target identification of aptamers obtained by cell-SELEX can serve as a means to identify promising biomarker candidates and can promote the development of aptamers as a new drug class to block important oncological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Van Simaeys
- Center
for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Departments of Chemistry and of
Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center, UF Genetics
Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Diane Turek
- Center
for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Departments of Chemistry and of
Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center, UF Genetics
Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Carole Champanhac
- Center
for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Departments of Chemistry and of
Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center, UF Genetics
Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Julia Vaizer
- Center
for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Departments of Chemistry and of
Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center, UF Genetics
Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Kwame Sefah
- Center
for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Departments of Chemistry and of
Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center, UF Genetics
Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Jing Zhen
- Center
for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Departments of Chemistry and of
Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center, UF Genetics
Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
- Molecular
Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing
and Chemometrics, Colleges of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and
of Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering
and Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Rebecca Sutphen
- Morsani
School of Medicine, University of South
Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United
States
| | - Weihong Tan
- Center
for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Departments of Chemistry and of
Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center, UF Genetics
Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
- Molecular
Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing
and Chemometrics, Colleges of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and
of Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering
and Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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7
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Pałkowski Ł, Błaszczyński J, Skrzypczak A, Błaszczak J, Kozakowska K, Wróblewska J, Kożuszko S, Gospodarek E, Krysiński J, Słowiński R. Antimicrobial Activity and SAR Study of New Gemini Imidazolium-Based Chlorides. Chem Biol Drug Des 2013; 83:278-88. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Pałkowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Jurasza 2 85-094 Bydgoszcz Poland
| | - Jerzy Błaszczyński
- Institute of Computing Science; Poznań University of Technology; Piotrowo 2 60-965 Poznań Poland
| | - Andrzej Skrzypczak
- Institute of Chemical Technology; Poznań University of Technology; Skłodowskiej-Curie 2 60-965 Poznań Poland
| | - Jan Błaszczak
- Institute of Chemical Technology; Poznań University of Technology; Skłodowskiej-Curie 2 60-965 Poznań Poland
| | - Karolina Kozakowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Jurasza 2 85-094 Bydgoszcz Poland
| | - Joanna Wróblewska
- Department of Microbiology; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Skłodowskiej-Curie 9 85-094 Bydgoszcz Poland
| | - Sylwia Kożuszko
- Department of Microbiology; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Skłodowskiej-Curie 9 85-094 Bydgoszcz Poland
| | - Eugenia Gospodarek
- Department of Microbiology; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Skłodowskiej-Curie 9 85-094 Bydgoszcz Poland
| | - Jerzy Krysiński
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Jurasza 2 85-094 Bydgoszcz Poland
| | - Roman Słowiński
- Institute of Computing Science; Poznań University of Technology; Piotrowo 2 60-965 Poznań Poland
- Systems Research Institute; Polish Academy of Sciences; Newelska 6 01-447 Warsaw Poland
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8
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Biocidal and inhibitory activity screening of de novo synthesized surfactants against two eukaryotic and two prokaryotic microbial species. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 111:407-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Devadhasan JP, Kim S, An J. Fish-on-a-chip: a sensitive detection microfluidic system for Alzheimer's disease. J Biomed Sci 2011; 18:33. [PMID: 21619660 PMCID: PMC3125339 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-18-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfluidics has become an important tool in diagnosing many diseases, including neurological and genetic disorders. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that irreversibly and progressively destroys memory, language ability, and thinking skills. Commonly, detection of AD is expensive and complex. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)-based microfluidic chip platform is capable of diagnosing AD at an early stage and they are effective tools for the diagnosis with low cost, high speed, and high sensitivity. In this review, we tried to provide basic information on the diagnosis of AD via FISH-based microfluidics. Different sample preparations using a microfluidic chip for diagnosis of AD are highlighted. Moreover, rapid innovations in nanotechnology for diagnosis are explained. This review will provide information on dynamic quantification methods for the diagnosis and treatment of AD. The knowledge provided in this review will help develop new integration diagnostic techniques based on FISH and microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine P Devadhasan
- College of Bionanotechnology, Kyungwon University, San 65, Bokjeong-Dong, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 461-701, Republic of Korea
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10
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Xu CX, Yin XF. Continuous cell introduction and rapid dynamic lysis for high-throughput single-cell analysis on microfludic chips with hydrodynamic focusing. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:726-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Efficient biotransformation of herbicide diuron by bacterial strain Micrococcus sp. PS-1. Biodegradation 2010; 21:979-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-010-9357-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Kim J, Johnson M, Hill P, Gale BK. Microfluidic sample preparation: cell lysis and nucleic acid purification. Integr Biol (Camb) 2009; 1:574-86. [DOI: 10.1039/b905844c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Abstract
Owing to the small quantities of analytes and small volumes involved in single-cell analysis techniques, manipulation strategies must be chosen carefully. The lysis of single cells for downstream chemical analysis in capillaries and lab-on-a-chip devices can be achieved by optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrical or chemical means, each having their respective strengths and weaknesses. Selection of the most appropriate lysis method will depend on the particulars of the downstream cell lysate processing. Ultrafast lysis techniques such as the use of highly focused laser pulses or pulses of high voltage are suitable for applications requiring high temporal resolution. Other factors, such as whether the cells are adherent or in suspension and whether the proteins to be collected are desired to be native or denatured, will determine the suitability of detergent-based lysis methods. Therefore, careful selection of the proper lysis technique is essential for gathering accurate data from single cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Brown
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (IBBME), University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Room 407, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Abstract
Chemical cytometry, referring to the analysis of the chemical contents in individual cells, has been in intensive study since Kennedy's first work that was published in Science. The early researches relied on fine-tip capillaries to capture the cells and do the analyses, which were lab- and time-intensive and required high skills of operation. The emergence of microfluidics has greatly spurred this research field and a great number of research papers have been published in the last decades. Highly integrated microfluidic chips have been developed to capture multiple single cells, lyse them, perform chemical reactions in enclosed microchambers, separate contents by CE and detect chemical species in individual cells. This review focuses on the development of relevant components and their integration for on-chip chemical cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yan
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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16
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Berezovski MV, Lechmann M, Musheev MU, Mak TW, Krylov SN. Aptamer-facilitated biomarker discovery (AptaBiD). J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:9137-43. [PMID: 18558676 DOI: 10.1021/ja801951p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Here we introduce a technology for biomarker discovery in which (i) DNA aptamers to biomarkers differentially expressed on the surfaces of cells being in different states are selected; (ii) aptamers are used to isolate biomarkers from the cells; and (iii) the isolated biomarkers are identified by means of mass spectrometry. The technology is termed aptamer-facilitated biomarker discovery (AptaBiD). AptaBiD was used to discover surface biomarkers that distinguish live mature and immature dendritic cells. We selected in vitro two DNA aptamer pools that specifically bind to mature and immature dendritic cells with a difference in strength of approximately 100 times. The aptamer pools were proven to be highly efficient in flow- and magnetic-bead-assisted separation of mature cells from immature cells. The two aptamer pools were then used to isolate biomarkers from the cells. The subsequent mass spectrometry analysis of the isolated proteins revealed unknown biomarkers of immature and mature dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim V Berezovski
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
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17
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Borland LM, Kottegoda S, Phillips KS, Allbritton NL. Chemical analysis of single cells. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2008; 1:191-227. [PMID: 20636079 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.anchem.1.031207.113100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Chemical analysis of single cells requires methods for quickly and quantitatively detecting a diverse array of analytes from extremely small volumes (femtoliters to nanoliters) with very high sensitivity and selectivity. Microelectrophoretic separations, using both traditional capillary electrophoresis and emerging microfluidic methods, are well suited for handling the unique size of single cells and limited numbers of intracellular molecules. Numerous analytes, ranging from small molecules such as amino acids and neurotransmitters to large proteins and subcellular organelles, have been quantified in single cells using microelectrophoretic separation techniques. Microseparation techniques, coupled to varying detection schemes including absorbance and fluorescence detection, electrochemical detection, and mass spectrometry, have allowed researchers to examine a number of processes inside single cells. This review also touches on a promising direction in single cell cytometry: the development of microfluidics for integrated cellular manipulation, chemical processing, and separation of cellular contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Borland
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599, USA
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19
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Whitmore CD, Hindsgaul O, Palcic MM, Schnaar RL, Dovichi NJ. Metabolic cytometry. Glycosphingolipid metabolism in single cells. Anal Chem 2007; 79:5139-42. [PMID: 17567107 DOI: 10.1021/ac070716d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids are found on all vertebrate cells and constitute major cell surface determinants on all nerve cells, where they contribute to cellular diversity and function. We report a method for the analysis of glycosphingolipid metabolism in single cells. The ganglioside GM1 was tagged with the fluorescent dye tetramethylrhodamine. This labeled compound was taken up and metabolized by a culture of pituitary tumor (AtT-20) cells. After 50 h, the cells were formalin fixed. Cells were aspirated into a fused-silica capillary and lysed, and components were separated by capillary electrophoresis with a laser-induced fluorescence detector. All metabolic products that retained the fluorescent dye could be detected at the low-zeptomole level. A total of 54 AtT-20 cells were individually analyzed using this procedure. The electrophoretic profiles were remarkably reproducible, which facilitated identification of components based on the migration time of fluorescently labeled standards. Eleven components were detected, and the average peak height of these components spanned more than 2 orders of magnitude, so that trace metabolites can be detected in the presence of abundant components. The most highly abundant components generated 10% relative standard deviation in normalized abundance. The average cell took up roughly 2 amol (10(6) copies) of the labeled substrate. This method allows determination of cell-to-cell diversity and regulation of glycosphingolipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin D Whitmore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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20
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Abstract
Kinetic capillary electrophoresis (KCE) is defined as capillary electrophoresis of species that interact during electrophoresis. KCE can serve as a conceptual platform for development of homogeneous kinetic affinity methods for affinity measurements (measurements of binding parameters and quantitative measurements) and affinity purification (purification of known molecules and search of unknown molecules). A number of different KCE methods can be designed by varying initial and boundary conditions - the way interacting species enter and exit the capillary. KCE methods will find multiple practical applications in the designing of biomedical diagnostics and the development of drug candidates. Here, the concept of KCE, its up-to-date applications, and future prospective are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey N Krylov
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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