1
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Determination of native amino acids and lactic acid inLactobacillus helveticusculture media by capillary electrophoresis using Cu2+and β-cyclodextrins as additives. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1156:122304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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2
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Single isomer cyclodextrins as chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1627:461375. [PMID: 32823120 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Since decades, cyclodextrins are one of the most powerful selectors in chiral capillary electrophoresis for the enantioseparation of diverse organic compounds. This review concerns papers published over the last decade (from 2009 until nowadays), dealing with the capillary electrophoretic application of single isomer cyclodextrin derivatives in chiral separations. Following a brief overview of their synthetic approaches, the inventory of the neutral, negatively and positively charged (including both permanently ionic and pH-tunable ionizable substituents) and zwitterionic CD derivatives is presented, with insights to underlying structural aspects by NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling. CE represents an ideal tool to study the weak, non-covalent supramolecular interactions. The published methods are reviewed in the light of enantioselectivity, enantiomer migration order and the fine-tuning of enantiodiscrimination by the substitution pattern of the single entity selector molecules, which is hardly possible for their randomly substituted counterparts. All the reviewed publications herein support that cyclodextrin-based chiral capillary electrophoresis seems to remain a popular choice in pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.
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3
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Hu S, Zhang M, Li F, Breadmore MC. β-Cyclodextrin-copper (II) complex as chiral selector in capillary electrophoresis for the enantioseparation of β-blockers. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1596:233-240. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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4
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Electrochemical chiral recognition of tryptophan using a glassy carbon electrode modified with β-cyclodextrin and graphene. Mikrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-014-1174-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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5
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Giuffrida A, Cucinotta V, Maccarrone G, Messina M, Rizzarelli E, Vecchio G. Coordination Properties of 3-Functionalised β-Cyclodextrins: Thermodynamic Stereoselectivity of Copper(II) Complexes of the 3-Histamine Derivative and Its Exploitation in Ligand-Exchange Capillary Electrophoresis. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201301015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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6
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A chiral ligand exchange CE system for monitoring inhibitory effect of kojic acid on tyrosinase. Talanta 2013; 116:1121-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Zhang H, Qi L, Mao L, Chen Y. Chiral separation using capillary electromigration techniques based on ligand exchange principle. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:1236-48. [PMID: 22733505 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Over the last couple of decades, researchers have developed diverse chiral separation methods emerged from a few chiral separation principles. This review article is primarily focused on the application of chiral ligand-exchange (CLE) principle in capillary electromigration techniques, such as capillary electrophoresis (CE) and capillary electrochromatography (CEC). First, the most commonly used CLE-CZE separation mode by using different kinds of central ions, such as Cu(II), Zn(II), borate ion, and other metal ions, has been introduced. Meanwhile, several kinds of surfactants have been applied as the micelle-forming agents in the CLE micellar electrokinetic chromatography mode. The highlight of recent research of CLE-CEC is the exploitation of novel columns for chiral separation. Then, two kinds of capillary columns, packed capillary and monolithic capillary column, have been briefly described. Finally, the effective application of these chiral separation methods has been presented, including the application in life science and food analysis area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhi Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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8
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Contino A, Maccarrone G, Remelli M. Exploiting thermodynamic data to optimize the enantioseparation of underivatized amino acids in ligand exchange capillary electrophoresis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:951-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6298-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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9
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The study of solution equilibria in chiral capillary electrophoresis by the ligand-exchange mechanism. Trends Analyt Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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10
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Recent progress in capillary electrophoretic analysis of amino acid enantiomers. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:3078-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Giuffrida A, Contino A, Maccarrone G, Messina M, Cucinotta V. Mass spectrometry detection as an innovative and advantageous tool in ligand exchange capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:1176-81. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Lu H, Chen G. Recent advances of enantioseparations in capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2011; 3:488-508. [PMID: 32938063 DOI: 10.1039/c0ay00489h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive survey of recent developments and applications of capillary electromigration techniques for enantioseparations from January 2006 to June 2010 is presented. The techniques include capillary electrophoresis, chip capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography. The separation principles and the chiral recognition mechanisms are discussed. Additionally, on-line preconcentrations in chiral capillary electrophoresis are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Guonan Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
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13
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Application of charged single isomer derivatives of cyclodextrins in capillary electrophoresis for chiral analysis. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:953-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Abstract
This paper summarizes the history of chiral separations done by using electromigration methods with CDs. Several enantioresolution mechanisms and a wide number of chiral selectors have been applied to the separation of optical isomers by CE. Among them inclusion-complexation with CDs or their derivatives played a very important role in CE. Since the beginning our group was involved in studying method optimization for enantiomer resolution by using these chiral selectors. One of our publications was the basis for further development in the field, at least for us. New chiral selectors, development of theory, new methodological approaches and a wide number of practical applications are the main results achieved in the last almost 25 years using CE as an enantioseparative technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Fanali
- Institute of Chemical Methodologies, National Council of Research, Area della Ricerca di Roma I, Monterotondo Scalo (Rome), Italy.
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15
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The 3-amino-derivative of γ-cyclodextrin as chiral selector of Dns-amino acids in electrokinetic chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:3678-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2008] [Revised: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Qi L, Chen Y, Xie M, Guo Z, Wang X. Separation of dansylated amino acid enantiomers by chiral ligand-exchange CE with a zinc(II) L-arginine complex as the selecting system. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:4277-83. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Scriba GKEV. Cyclodextrins in capillary electrophoresis enantioseparations--recent developments and applications. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:1991-2011. [PMID: 18491357 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Capillary EKC has been established as a versatile and robust CE method for the separation of enantiomers. Within the chiral selectors added to the BGE CDs continue as the most widely used selectors due to their structural variety and commercial availability. This is reflected in the large number of practical applications of CDs to analytical enantioseparations that have been reported between January 2006 and January 2008, the period of time covered by this review. Most of these applications cover aspects of life sciences such as drug analysis, bioanalysis, environmental analysis, or food analysis. Moreover, new CD derivatives have been developed in an attempt to achieve altered enantioselectivities and to further broaden the application range. Finally, efforts will be summarized that aim at an understanding of the molecular level of the chiral recognition between CDs and the analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard K E V Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
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18
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Chiral separation by capillary electromigration techniques. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1204:140-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2008] [Revised: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Contino A, Cucinotta V, Giuffrida A, Maccarrone G, Messina M, Puglisi A, Vecchio G. Synthesis and characterisation of the 3-amino-derivative of γ-cyclodextrin, showing receptor ability and metal ion coordination properties. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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20
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Borst C, Holzgrabe U. Enantioseparation of dopa and related compounds by cyclodextrin-modified microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1204:191-6. [PMID: 18538332 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Revised: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A chiral microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography method has been developed for the enantiomeric separation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa), its precursors phenylalanine and tyrosine, and the structurally related substance methyldopa. The separations were achieved using an oil-in-water microemulsion, which consisted of the oil-compound ethyl acetate, the surfactant sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), the co-surfactant 1-butanol, the organic modifier propan-2-ol and 20mM phosphate buffer pH 2.5 or 2.0 as aqueous phase. For enantioseparation sulfated beta-cyclodextrin was added. The resolution of each racemate was optimized by varying the concentration of the buffer and all components of the microemulsion. Enantioseparation could be achieved for dl-dopa, dl-phenylalanine and dl-tyrosine within 13 min with a resolution of 4.3, 3.1 and 3.3, respectively, and for methyldopa in 17 min (Rs: 1.4). The established methods allowed the detection of dopa, phenylalanine, tyrosine and methyldopa with a limit at 0.5, 1.0, 0.2 and 2.0 microg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Borst
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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21
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Poinsot V, Rodat A, Gavard P, Feurer B, Couderc F. Recent advances in amino acid analysis by CE. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:207-23. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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22
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Qi L, Han Y, Zuo M, Chen Y. Chiral CE of aromatic amino acids by ligand-exchange with zinc(II)-L-lysine complex. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:2629-34. [PMID: 17600842 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A novel method of chiral ligand-exchange CE was developed with either L- or D-lysine (Lys) as a chiral ligand and zinc(II) as a central ion. This type of chiral complexes was explored for the first time to efficiently separate either individual pairs of or mixed aromatic amino acid enantiomers. Using a running buffer of 5 mM ammonium acetate, 100 mM boric acid, 3 mM ZnSO(4) x 7H(2)O and 6 mM L-Lys at pH 7.6, unlabeled D,L-tryptophan, D,L-phenylalanine, and D,L-tyrosine were well separated, giving a chiral resolution of up to 7.09. The best separation was obtained at a Lys-to-zinc ratio of 2:1, zinc concentration of 2-4 mM and running buffer pH 7.6. The buffer pH was determined to have a strong influence on resolution, while buffer composition and concentration impacted on both the resolution and peak shape. Boric acid with some ammonium acetate was an adoptable buffer system, and some additives like ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid capable of destroying the complex should be avoided. Fine-tuning of the chiral resolution and elution order was achieved by regulating the ratio of L-Lys to D-Lys; i.e. the resolution increased from zero to its highest value as the ratio ascended from 1:0 to 1:infinitive, and L-isomers eluted before or after D-isomers in excessive D- or L-Lys, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qi
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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23
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Qi L, Liu M, Guo Z, Xie M, Qiu C, Chen Y. Assay of aromatic amino acid enantiomers in rice-brewed suspensions by chiral ligand-exchange CE. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:4150-5. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Kahle KA, Foley JP. Review of aqueous chiral electrokinetic chromatography (EKC) with an emphasis on chiral microemulsion EKC. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:2503-26. [PMID: 17657766 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The separation of enantiomers using electrokinetic chromatography (EKC) with chiral microemulsions is comprehensively reviewed through December 1, 2006. Aqueous chiral EKC separations based on other pseudostationary phases such as micelles and vesicles or on other chiral selectors such as CDs, crown ethers, glycopeptides, ligand exchange moeities are also reviewed from both mechanistic and applications perspective for the period of January 2005 to December 1, 2006.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Kahle
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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25
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Cucinotta V, Giuffrida A, Maccarrone G, Messina M, Puglisi A, Vecchio G. Synthesis and NMR characterization of β-alanine-bridged hemispherodextrin, a very efficient chiral selector in EKC. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:2580-8. [PMID: 17607805 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A capped derivative of beta-CD (THALAH) was synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy at different pH values. A trehalose moiety, bonded through beta-alanine bridges to the CD cavity, is included in the capping unit, giving peculiar properties to this molecule. The hemispherodextrin thus obtained was tested as a chiral selector in EKC. At neutral pH, the monocationic species of THALAH behaves as a very efficient selector separating successfully all the 11 tested enantiomeric pairs of dansyl-derivatives of amino acids, some of them even at concentrations as low as 0.15 mM. The differences observed in the migration order among the different systems give suggestions about the mechanism of molecular recognition between the selector and the analytes.
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26
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Cucinotta V, Giuffrida A, Grasso G, Maccarrone G, Messina M, Vecchio G. High selectivity in new chiral separations of dansyl amino acids by cyclodextrin derivatives in electrokinetic chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1155:172-9. [PMID: 17320887 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2006] [Revised: 12/21/2006] [Accepted: 02/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Enantiomeric pairs of 11 dansyl derivatives of alpha-amino acids were used as analytes in electrokinetic chromatography to test the ability as chiral selectors of two pure derivatives of beta-cyclodextrin: the ethylendiamine derivative in primary position (CDen) and a member of a new class of receptors, the cysteamine-bridged hemispherodextrin THCMH. The selectivity obtained by the presence of the hemispherodextrin, appears particularly promising as shown by the large values of resolution obtained. The importance of a detailed analysis of these data is discussed in terms of suggestions for a rational approach to separation science.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Cucinotta
- Department Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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