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Bonsembiante F, Giordano A, Gili C, Mazzariol S, Berlanda M, Guglielmini C, Bedin S, Gelain ME. Serum Protein Concentration and Serum Protein Fractions in Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) under Human Care Using Agarose Gel Electrophoresis. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1745. [PMID: 37889653 PMCID: PMC10251839 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) is the most used and reliable method to determine the percentage of serum protein subfractions. The interpretation of the kinetics of total proteins and albumin and globulin fractions is receiving increased attention in wild animals, as well as in domestic animals, due to the possibility of identifying typical pathologic patterns. However, the interpretation of these data had to be performed in light of an appropriate method-and species- specific reference intervals (RIs). In marine mammals, as well as other non-domestic species, specific attention should also be given to the different environment (free ranging vs. human managed) and the associated different exposure to environmental stimuli. The aim of this report was to establish RIs for the serum protein fractions evaluated using agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) in bottlenose dolphins under human care. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 40 bottlenose dolphins during standard veterinary procedures to evaluate their health status. Total protein concentration was determined using the biuret method while AGE was performed using an automated system. A pooled dolphin's serum sample was used to determine the intra-assay and inter-assay imprecision of AGE. The RIs were calculated using an Excel spreadsheet with the Reference Value Advisor set of macroinstructions. The intra and inter-assay imprecisions were 1.2% and 2.5%, respectively, for albumin; 2.9% and 5.7%, respectively, for α-globulins; 3.8% and 4.0%, respectively, for β-globulins; and 3.4% and 4.8%, respectively, for γ-globulins. The total protein, albumin, α-globulin, β-globulin, and γ-globulin concentrations were 65.5 ± 5.4 g/L, 45.5 ± 4.9 g/L, 8.0 ± 1.0 g/L, 5.0 ± 2.0 g/L, and 7.0 ± 2.0 g/L, respectively. We established the RIs for the total protein and serum protein fractions using AGE in bottlenose dolphins under human care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Bonsembiante
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale Dell’Università 16, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy; (F.B.); (M.B.); (C.G.); (S.B.)
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale Dell’Università 16, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy;
| | - Alessia Giordano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | - Claudia Gili
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Sandro Mazzariol
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale Dell’Università 16, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy;
| | - Michele Berlanda
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale Dell’Università 16, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy; (F.B.); (M.B.); (C.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Carlo Guglielmini
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale Dell’Università 16, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy; (F.B.); (M.B.); (C.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Silvia Bedin
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale Dell’Università 16, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy; (F.B.); (M.B.); (C.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Maria Elena Gelain
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale Dell’Università 16, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy;
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Martins JE, Simões J, Barros M, Simões M. Pre-Molecular Assessment of Self-Processes in Neurotypical Subjects Using a Single Cognitive Behavioral Intervention Evoking Autobiographical Memory. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:381. [PMID: 36285950 PMCID: PMC9598325 DOI: 10.3390/bs12100381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last 20 years, several contributions have been published on what concerns the conceptual and empirical connections between self-processes. However, only a limited number of publications addressed the viability of those processes to characterize mental health in neurotypical subjects with a normative pattern of neurodevelopment. Furthermore, even fewer experiments focused explicitly on the complexity of studying neurotypical phenomenal data. On the one hand, this normative pattern is commonly associated with mental health and a multifaceted self-concept and well-being. On the other hand, well-being is often related to a healthy cognitive life. However, how such intricate and complex relation between self-processes is established in neurotypical subjects requires further evidence. The novelty of this work is thus studying the first-person experience, which is correlated with the mental events aroused by a cognitive behavioral intervention. The prior methodology that led to the complete characterization of a neurotypical sample was already published by the authors, although the materials, the methods, the sample screening, and the sample size study required further explanation and exploration. This paper's innovation is hence the phenomenological assessment of subjects' self-regulation, which is used for mental health profiling, providing the basis for subsequent molecular typing. For that matter, a convenience sample of 128 (19-25-year-old) neurotypical young adults, healthy university students at the University of Lisbon, non-medicated and with no serious, uncontrolled, or chronic diseases, are characterized according to their cognitive functioning and self-concept. The procedure comprised (i) a mental status examination (psychological assessment) and (ii) a psychological intervention, i.e., a single cognitive behavioral intervention (intervention protocol). The psychological assessment was a standardized and structured clinical interview, which comprised the use of 4 psychological scales complementary to the classical Mental Status Examination (MSE). The intervention protocol applied a combined exercise of psychophysical training and autobiographical-self memory-recalling. The results permitted identifying and isolating four different subgroups (self awareness, self consciousness, reflective self, and pre-reflective self) in neurotypical subjects with discrete self-processes. The outcome of this study is screening four different aspects of self-reflection and the isolation between various forms of self-directed attention and their interconnections in these four mental health strata. The practical implication of this study is to fulfill an a priori pre-molecular assessment of self-regulation with separate cognitive characteristics. The reliability of these mental strata, their distinct neurophysiology, and discrete molecular fingerprint will be tested in a future publication by in silico characterization, total protein profiling, and simultaneous immunodetection of the neuropeptide and neuroimmune response of the same participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Emanuel Martins
- Laboratory of Mind-Matter Interaction with Therapeutic Intention (LIMMIT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Joana Simões
- Laboratory of Mind-Matter Interaction with Therapeutic Intention (LIMMIT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marlene Barros
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Mário Simões
- Laboratory of Mind-Matter Interaction with Therapeutic Intention (LIMMIT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
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3
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Cray C. Protein electrophoresis of non-traditional species: A review. Vet Clin Pathol 2021; 50:478-494. [PMID: 34881455 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
EPH has been demonstrated to be a useful tool in companion animals while providing an opportunity to characterize globulinemias, including paraproteinemia. In EPH of non-traditional species, these same applications are important, but the primary use is to gauge the acute-phase and humoral immune responses. This includes the valid quantitation of albumin as well as the examination of fractions reflective of increases in acute-phase reactants and immunoglobulins. Agarose gel EPH and, more recently, capillary zone EPH have been applied to samples from these species. Performing these analyses provides special challenges in the placement of fraction delimits, generation of RIs, and interpretation of results. Recommended as part of routine bloodwork, EPH can also provide key results that are helpful in clinical and field-based health assessments as well as in prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Cray
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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4
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Kozik A, Pavlova M, Petrov I, Bychkov V, Kim L, Dorozhko E, Cheng C, Rodriguez RD, Sheremet E. A review of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in pathological processes. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1187:338978. [PMID: 34753586 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
With the continuous growth of the human population and new challenges in the quality of life, it is more important than ever to diagnose diseases and pathologies with high accuracy, sensitivity and in different scenarios from medical implants to the operation room. Although conventional methods of diagnosis revolutionized healthcare, alternative analytical methods are making their way out of academic labs into clinics. In this regard, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) developed immensely with its capability to achieve single-molecule sensitivity and high-specificity in the last two decades, and now it is well on its way to join the arsenal of physicians. This review discusses how SERS is becoming an essential tool for the clinical investigation of pathologies including inflammation, infections, necrosis/apoptosis, hypoxia, and tumors. We critically discuss the strategies reported so far in nanoparticle assembly, functionalization, non-metallic substrates, colloidal solutions and how these techniques improve SERS characteristics during pathology diagnoses like sensitivity, selectivity, and detection limit. Moreover, it is crucial to introduce the most recent developments and future perspectives of SERS as a biomedical analytical method. We finally discuss the challenges that remain as bottlenecks for a routine SERS implementation in the medical room from in vitro to in vivo applications. The review showcases the adaptability and versatility of SERS to resolve pathological processes by covering various experimental and analytical methods and the specific spectral features and analysis results achieved by these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Kozik
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Ave, 30, Tomsk, 634050, Russia; Siberian Medical State University, Moskovskiy Trakt, 2, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Marina Pavlova
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Ave, 30, Tomsk, 634050, Russia; Siberian Medical State University, Moskovskiy Trakt, 2, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Ilia Petrov
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Ave, 30, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav Bychkov
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, 5 Kooperativny Street, Tomsk, 634009, Russia
| | - Larissa Kim
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Ave, 30, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Elena Dorozhko
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Ave, 30, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Chong Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Raul D Rodriguez
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Ave, 30, Tomsk, 634050, Russia.
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5
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Favresse J, Delanghe J. High-resolution capillary electrophoresis for the determination of carbamylated albumin. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 60:229-234. [PMID: 34751528 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2021-0926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Carbamylation is a non-enzymatic post-translational reaction of a primary amino group of a protein with isocyanate. The albumin carbamylation is a negative prognostic factor in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and induce charge difference implying an observed shift in electrophoretic mobility that can be measured through a symmetry factor (SF). METHODS The Helena V8 and the Sebia Capillarys 2 systems were used for all experiments. The effect of in vitro carbamylation on the SF by spiking increasing concentrations of potassium isocyanate (KCNO) in serum of three healthy volunteers was investigated. Theoretical plate numbers (N) as a surrogate of separation efficiency were also calculated and correlations between SF and renal function biomarkers were performed on 284 patients. RESULTS A dose-dependent impact of KCNO on the SF was observed for both methods with the Helena V8 being more sensitive. The mean N was significantly higher on the Helena V8 as compared to the Sebia Capillarys 2 (2,972 vs. 444.1, p<0.0001). The SF correlated significantly with eGFR (r=0.50, p<0.0001), creatinine (r=-0.31, p<0.0001) and urea (r=-0.34, p<0.0001) on the Helena V8. On the Sebia Capillarys 2, a significant correlation was only observed with eGFR (r=0.17, p=0.004). A better discrimination between CKD stages was also observed using the Helena V8. CONCLUSIONS Thanks to a higher mean N, the Helena V8 might offer new possibilities, including detection of carbamylated albumin through SF calculation. Further studies are still needed to confirm the interest of using this type of assays in clinical routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Favresse
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique St-Luc Bouge, Namur, Belgium.,Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for LIfes Sciences, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Joris Delanghe
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
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Shah M, Patel N, Tripathi N, Vyas VK. Capillary electrophoresis methods for impurity profiling of drugs: A review of the past decade. J Pharm Anal 2021; 12:15-28. [PMID: 35573874 PMCID: PMC9073252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is widely used for the impurity profiling of drugs that contain stereochemical centers in their structures, analysis of biomolecules, and characterization of biopharmaceuticals. Currently, CE is the method of choice for the analysis of foodstuffs and the determination of adulterants. This article discusses the general theory and instrumentation of CE as well as the classification of various CE techniques. It also presents an overview of research on the applications of different CE techniques in the impurity profiling of drugs in the past decade. The review briefly presents a comparison between CE and liquid chromatography methods and highlights the strengths of CE using drug compounds as examples. This review will help scientists, fellow researchers, and students to understand the applications of CE techniques in the impurity profiling of drugs. An overview of research related to the use of capillary electrophoresis in the impurity profiling of drugs is presented. The principle, instrumentation, and different types of capillary electrophoresis (CE) methods are outlined here. Applications of different of CE methods with the chemical structures of drugs and their impurities are highlighted. A brief description is also provided on the analysis of Pharmacopeial monographs using CE methods. A comparison of CE with liquid chromatography for impurity profiling and analysis of drugs is presented in this review.
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Abstract
Amino acids play an important role in clinical analysis. Capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS) has proven to possess several characteristics that make it a powerful and useful tool for the analysis of amino acids in clinical studies. Here we present a method for the separation and quantitative analysis of 27 amino acids in urine based on CE-ESI-MS. The method presents an improved resolution between the isomers Leu, Ile, and aIle, in comparison to other CE-ESI-MS methods in the literature. This method is fast, selective, and simple and has improved sensitivity by applying a pH-mediated stacking strategy, showing that it can be successfully used for amino acid analysis and probably for other small cationic metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Trevisan Rodrigues
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Ann Van Schepdael
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Caslavska J, Thormann W. Monitoring of transferrin isoforms in biological samples by capillary electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:303-322. [PMID: 28885776 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Work dealing with the monitoring of transferrin isoforms in human serum and other body fluids by capillary electrophoresis is reviewed. It comprises capillary zone electrophoresis and capillary isoelectric focusing efforts that led to the exploration and use of assays for the determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin as a marker for excessive alcohol intake, genetic variants of transferrin, congenital disorders of glycosylation and β-2-transferrin, which is a marker for cerebrospinal fluid leakage. This paper provides insight into the development, specifications, strengths, weaknesses, and routine use of the currently known capillary electrophoresis based assays suitable to detect transferrin isoforms in body fluids. The achievements reached so far indicate that capillary zone electrophoresis is an attractive technology to monitor the molecular forms of transferrin in biological specimens as the assays do not require an elaborate sample pretreatment and thus can be fully automated for high-throughput analyses on multicapillary instruments. Assays based on capillary isoelectric focusing are less attractive. They require immunoextraction of transferrin from the biological matrix and mobilization after focusing if instrumentation with a whole-column imaging detector is not available. Interactions of the carrier ampholytes with the iron of transferrin may prevent iron saturation and thus provide more complicated isoform patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Caslavska
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Thormann
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Valese AC, Spudeit DA, Dolzan MD, Bretanha LC, Vitali L, Micke GA. High-Throughput Analysis of Lidocaine in Pharmaceutical Formulation by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Using Multiple Injections in a Single Run. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2016; 2016:4126810. [PMID: 27069712 PMCID: PMC4812394 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4126810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the development of a subminute separation method by capillary zone electrophoresis in an uncoated capillary using multiple injection procedure for the determination of lidocaine in samples of pharmaceutical formulations. The separation was performed in less than a minute leading to doing four injections in a single run. The cathodic electroosmotic flow contributed to reducing the analyses time. The background electrolyte was composed of 20 mmol L(-1) 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol and 40 mmol L(-1) 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid at pH 6.1. The internal standard used was benzylamine. Separations were performed in a fused uncoated silica capillary (32 cm total length, 23.5 cm effective length, and 50 μm internal diameter) with direct UV detection at 200 nm. Samples and standards were injected hydrodynamically using 40 mbar/3 s interspersed with spacer electrolyte using 40 mbar/7 s. The electrophoretic system was operated under constant voltage of 30 kV with positive polarity on the injection side. The evaluation of some analytical parameters of the method showed good linearity (r (2) > 0.999), a limit of detection 0.92 mg L(-1), intermediate precision better than 3.2% (peak area), and recovery in the range of 92-102%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa C. Valese
- Department of Food Science Technologies, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Daniel A. Spudeit
- Departamento de Química, CFM, UFSC, Campus Universitário, Trindade, CP 476, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Maressa D. Dolzan
- Departamento de Química, CFM, UFSC, Campus Universitário, Trindade, CP 476, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Lizandra C. Bretanha
- Department of Food Science Technologies, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Luciano Vitali
- Departamento de Química, CFM, UFSC, Campus Universitário, Trindade, CP 476, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Gustavo A. Micke
- Departamento de Química, CFM, UFSC, Campus Universitário, Trindade, CP 476, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Rodrigues KT, Mekahli D, Tavares MFM, Van Schepdael A. Development and validation of a CE-MS method for the targeted assessment of amino acids in urine. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1039-47. [PMID: 26826549 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A CE-ESI-MS method was developed and validated for the separation and quantitative analysis of amino acids (AA) in urine. Experimental parameters related to the CE-MS interface, BGE, and mass spectrometer (MS) settings were optimized providing a good separation of 27 AA, including the isomers L-leucine, L-isoleucine, and L-alloisoleucine, in less than 30 min. The sheath liquid was composed by 0.50% formic acid in 60% (v,v) methanol-water delivered at a flow rate of 5 μL/min. The BGE consisted of 0.80 mol/L formic acid at pH 1.96 and 15% methanol. A pH stacking procedure was implemented to enhance sensitivity (a 12.5% NH4 OH solution was injected at 0.5 psi/9 s prior to samples injected at 0.6 psi/20 s). The proposed method was validated according to FDA and ICH protocols exhibiting acceptable parameters. Analytical curves presented coefficients of determination from 0.996 to 0.9997 (with large F statistics and low p-values). LODs and quantification ranged from 0.63 to 29 μmol/L and from 1.9 to 86 μmol/L, respectively. Practical repeatability was obtained for all AA with coefficients of variation better than 0.55% CV (migration time) and 1.7% CV (peak area ratios; methionine sulfone as internal standard). Recoveries of AA in spiked urine ranged from 92.0 to 123% with few exceptions. Moreover, a successful quantification of AA in pooled control and test urine samples, which compose a vesicoureteral reflux cohort, was achieved showing the potential applicability of the proposed method for targeted metabolomics studies using CE-ESI-MS with an Ion Trap as mass analyzer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina T Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Djalila Mekahli
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Ann Van Schepdael
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Kartsova LA, Bessonova EA. Biomedical applications of capillary electrophoresis. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Makrlíková A, Opekar F, Tůma P. Pressure-assisted introduction of urine samples into a short capillary for electrophoretic separation with contactless conductivity and UV spectrometry detection. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:1962-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Makrlíková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
| | - František Opekar
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Petr Tůma
- Institute of Biochemistry Cell and Molecular Biology; Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
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13
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Liu HY, Hwang TJ, Tsai IL, Kuo CH. Use of high-conductivity sample solution with sweeping-micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography for trace-level quantification of paliperidone in human plasma. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:534-42. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Yin Liu
- School of Pharmacy; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Jeng Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry; National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine; Taipei Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - I-Lin Tsai
- School of Pharmacy; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hua Kuo
- School of Pharmacy; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy; National Taiwan University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
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14
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Chen YC, Chang PL. Baseline separation of amino acid biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma by polyvinylpyrrolidone-filled capillary electrophoresis with light-emitting diode-induced fluorescence in the presence of mixed micelles. Analyst 2015; 140:847-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an01550a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Separation of amino acid biomarkers could be performed by polyvinylpyrrolidone-filled capillary electrophoresis in the presence of mixed micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chu Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Tunghai University
- Taichung 40704
- Taiwan
| | - Po-Ling Chang
- Department of Chemistry
- Tunghai University
- Taichung 40704
- Taiwan
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15
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Medina-Casanellas S, Benavente F, Giménez E, Barbosa J, Sanz-Nebot V. On-line immunoaffinity solid-phase extraction capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry for the analysis of large biomolecules: A preliminary report. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:2130-6. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando Benavente
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Estela Giménez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - José Barbosa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Victoria Sanz-Nebot
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
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Sieradzka E, Witt K, Milnerowicz H. The application of capillary electrophoresis techniques in toxicological analysis. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 28:1507-13. [PMID: 24828301 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) comprises a group of techniques used to separate chemical mixtures. Analytical separation is based on different electrophoretic mobilities, thereby allowing qualitative and quantitative evaluations to be made. The application of CE in medical science, especially in toxicological studies, is developing rapidly because of the short time required for analysis and its high sensitivity, selectivity and ability to determine substances of an acidic, alkaline and neutral character. This review focuses on the possibility of applying CE in toxicological analysis. Advances in different CE analyses and detection techniques connected with this method are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Sieradzka
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
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17
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Multi-target screening of biological samples using LC–MS/MS: focus on chromatographic innovations. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:1255-73. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-target screening of biological fluids is a key tool in clinical and forensic toxicology. A complete toxicological analysis encompasses the sample preparation, the chromatographic separation and the detection. The present review briefly covers the new trends in sample preparation and detection and mainly focuses on the chromatographic stage, since a lot of technical improvements have been proposed over the last years. Among them, columns packed with sub-2 μm fully porous particles and sub-3 μm core-shell particles allow for significant improvements of resolution and higher throughput. Even if reversed-phase LC remains the most widely used chromatographic mode for toxicological screening, hydrophilic interaction chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography appear as promising alternatives for attaining orthogonal selectivity, retention of polar compounds, and enhanced MS sensitivity.
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18
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Pavlíček V, Tůma P, Matějčková J, Samcová E. Very fast electrophoretic determination of creatinine and uric acid in human urine using a combination of two capillaries with different internal diameters. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:956-61. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Václav Pavlíček
- Third Faculty of Medicine; Institute of Biochemistry; Cell and Molecular Biology; Charles University in Prague; Czech Republic
| | - Petr Tůma
- Third Faculty of Medicine; Institute of Biochemistry; Cell and Molecular Biology; Charles University in Prague; Czech Republic
| | - Jana Matějčková
- Third Faculty of Medicine; Institute of Biochemistry; Cell and Molecular Biology; Charles University in Prague; Czech Republic
| | - Eva Samcová
- Third Faculty of Medicine; Institute of Biochemistry; Cell and Molecular Biology; Charles University in Prague; Czech Republic
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19
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Song H, Wang H, Ju S, Jin Q, Jia C, Cong H. Simplified microchip electrophoresis for rapid separation of urine proteins. J Clin Lab Anal 2014; 28:104-9. [PMID: 24395581 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urine protein test has been widely used in clinics, but to determine the type of proteinuria is usually difficult due to technical limitations. METHODS In the current study, a rapid and simple method to separate and determine urine proteins by a microchip electrophoresis (ME) system has been developed in which only 4 min are required. RESULTS Optimal separation conditions have been established by using 15 s injection time at 500 and 1,500 V separation voltage in 75 mmol/l borate buffer containing 0.8 mmol/l calcium lactate and 1% ϕ ethylamine (pH 10.55). Relative standard deviation (RSD) of migration time with purified human albumin and human transferring was 2.68% and 2.24%, and RSD of the peak area was 5.85% and 4.96%, respectively. The linear detection range was 1.0-15.0 g/l for purified human albumin and 1.0-10.0 g/l for human transferrin, with the same detection limit (S/N = 3) of 0.4 g/l. Finally, comparing to conventional agarose gel electrophoresis, the same results were obtained by using ME by testing clinical samples including 60 selective proteinuria, 105 nonselective proteinuria, and 6 overflow proteinuria. CONCLUSION This newly established ME could have broad applications to determine the type of proteinuria in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Song
- Medical Laboratory Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu Province, P.R China
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Caslavska
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory; Institute for Infectious Diseases; University of Bern; Bern; Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Thormann
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory; Institute for Infectious Diseases; University of Bern; Bern; Switzerland
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21
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Benton CM, Lim CK. Liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry of haem biosynthetic intermediates: a review. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 26:1009-23. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chang Kee Lim
- Clinical Biochemistry; King's College Hospital; Denmark Hill; London; SE5 9RS; UK
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22
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Rabanes HR, Guidote AM, Quirino JP. Capillary electrophoresis of natural products: Highlights of the last five years (2006-2010). Electrophoresis 2011; 33:180-95. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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23
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Wu R, Yeung WSB, Fung YS. 2-D t-ITP/CZE determination of clinical urinary proteins using a microfluidic-chip capillary electrophoresis device. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:3406-14. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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De Cock RFW, Piana C, Krekels EHJ, Danhof M, Allegaert K, Knibbe CAJ. The role of population PK-PD modelling in paediatric clinical research. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2011; 67 Suppl 1:5-16. [PMID: 20340012 PMCID: PMC3082690 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-009-0782-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Children differ from adults in their response to drugs. While this may be the result of changes in dose exposure (pharmacokinetics [PK]) and/or exposure response (pharmacodynamics [PD]) relationships, the magnitude of these changes may not be solely reflected by differences in body weight. As a consequence, dosing recommendations empirically derived from adults dosing regimens using linear extrapolations based on body weight, can result in therapeutic failure, occurrence of adverse effect or even fatalities. In order to define rational, patient-tailored dosing schemes, population PK-PD studies in children are needed. For the analysis of the data, population modelling using non-linear mixed effect modelling is the preferred tool since this approach allows for the analysis of sparse and unbalanced datasets. Additionally, it permits the exploration of the influence of different covariates such as body weight and age to explain the variability in drug response. Finally, using this approach, these PK-PD studies can be designed in the most efficient manner in order to obtain the maximum information on the PK-PD parameters with the highest precision. Once a population PK-PD model is developed, internal and external validations should be performed. If the model performs well in these validation procedures, model simulations can be used to define a dosing regimen, which in turn needs to be tested and challenged in a prospective clinical trial. This methodology will improve the efficacy/safety balance of dosing guidelines, which will be of benefit to the individual child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roosmarijn F. W. De Cock
- Division of Pharmacology, Leiden/Amsterdam Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara Piana
- Division of Pharmacology, Leiden/Amsterdam Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elke H. J. Krekels
- Division of Pharmacology, Leiden/Amsterdam Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meindert Danhof
- Division of Pharmacology, Leiden/Amsterdam Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Karel Allegaert
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Catherijne A. J. Knibbe
- Division of Pharmacology, Leiden/Amsterdam Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, St. Antonius Hospital, P.O. Box 2500, 3430 EM Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
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25
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Determination of rosiglitazone and metformin in human serum by CE-ESI-MS. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:1167-73. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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26
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A new method to determine biological sample volume by short end multiple injection capillary electrophoresis: Application in determination of nitrate and thiocyanate in human saliva. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:2327-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Zak K. Shihabi
- a Department of Pathology , Wake Forest University School Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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28
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Li YX, Dan YB, Fang X, Bao JJ. Preliminary studies of a novel multifunctional wide-bore electrophoresis system. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:3247-55. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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29
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Xu Z, Okada J, Timerbaev AR, Hirokawa T. Sensitive profiling of biogenic amines in urine using CE with transient isotachophoretic preconcentration. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:4143-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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30
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Crivellente F, Bocchini N, Vandin L, Cristofori P. Capillary electrophoresis for the detection of bilirubin in rat serum. Vet Clin Pathol 2009; 38:326-31. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2009.00121.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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Ahmed FE. The role of capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry to proteome analysis and biomarker discovery. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:1963-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2008] [Revised: 04/24/2009] [Accepted: 05/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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32
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Micellar electrokinetic chromatography assay for the simultaneous quantification of urinary transferrin and albumin. Mikrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-008-0130-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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33
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Jouyban A, Kenndler E. Impurity analysis of pharmaceuticals using capillary electromigration methods. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:3531-51. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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34
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Oliver G, Simpson C, Kerby MB, Tripathi A, Chauhan A. Electrophoretic migration of proteins in semidilute polymer solutions. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:1152-63. [PMID: 18246577 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a systematic study of the electrophoretic migration of 10-200 kDa protein fragments in dilute-polymer solutions using microfluidic chips. The electrophoretic mobility and dispersion of protein samples were measured in a series of monodisperse polydimethylacrylamide (PDMA) polymers of different molecular masses (243, 443, and 764 kDa, polydispersivity index <2) of varying concentration. The polymer solutions were characterized using rheometry. Prior to loading onto the microchip, the polymer solution was mixed with known concentrations of SDS (SDS) surfactant and a staining dye. SDS-denatured protein samples were electrokinetically injected, separated, and detected in the microchip using electric fields ranging from 100 to 300 V/cm. Our results show that the electrophoretic mobility of protein fragments decreases exponentially with the concentration c of the polymer solution. The mobility was found to decrease logarithmically with the molecular weight of the protein fragment. In addition, the mobility was found to be independent of the electric field in the separation channel. The dispersion is relatively independent of polymer concentration and it first increases with protein size and then decreases with a maximum at about 45 kDa. The resolution power of the device decreases with concentration of the PDMA solution but it is always better than 10% of the protein size. The protein migration does not seem to correspond to the Ogston or the reptation models. A semiempirical expression for mobility given by van Winkle fits the data very well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Oliver
- Division of Engineering and Medical Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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35
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Capillary electrophoresis analysis of biofluids with a focus on less commonly analyzed matrices. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 866:154-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2007] [Revised: 01/23/2008] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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36
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Tůma P, Opekar F, Samcová E, Štulík K. A Comparison of the Properties of Contactless Conductivity and Diode-Array Photometric Detectors in Analyses of Low-Molecular, Biologically Active Substances by Capillary Electrophoresis in Acetic Acid Solutions. ELECTROANAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200704134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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37
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Crivellente F, Bonato M, Cristofori P. Analysis of mouse, rat, dog, marmoset, and human serum proteins by capillary electrophoresis: comparison with agarose gel electrophoresis. Vet Clin Pathol 2008; 37:73-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2008.00008.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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38
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Korohoda W, Wilk A. Cell electrophoresis--a method for cell separation and research into cell surface properties. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2008; 13:312-26. [PMID: 18292972 PMCID: PMC6275916 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-008-0004-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2007] [Accepted: 11/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we discuss the application of various methods of cell electrophoresis in research into cell surface properties (analytical methods), and the separation of uniform cell subpopulations from cell mixtures (preparative methods). The emphasis is on the prospects of the development of simplified and versatile methodologies, i.e. microcapillary cell electrophoresis and horizontal cell electrophoresis under near-isopycnic conditions. New perspectives are considered on the use of analytical and preparative cell electrophoresis in research on cell differentiation, neoplastic transformation, cell-cell interactions and the biology of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Włodzimierz Korohoda
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
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39
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Tagliaro F, Bortolotti F. Recent advances in the applications of CE to forensic sciences (2005–2007). Electrophoresis 2008; 29:260-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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40
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41
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Contributions of capillary electrophoresis to neuroscience. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1184:144-58. [PMID: 18054026 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.10.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2007] [Revised: 10/16/2007] [Accepted: 10/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a small-volume separation approach amenable to the analysis of complex samples for their small molecule, peptide and protein content. A number of the features of CE make it a method of choice for addressing questions related to neurochemistry. The figures of merit inherent to CE that make it well suited for studying cell-to-cell and intracellular signaling include small sample volumes, high separation efficiency, the ability for online analyte concentration, and compatibility with sensitive and high-information content detection methods. A variety of instrumental aspects are detailed, including detection methods and sampling techniques that are particularly useful for the analysis of signaling molecules. Studies that have used these techniques to increase our understanding of neurobiology are emphasized throughout. One notable application is single neuron chemical analysis, a research area that has been greatly advanced by CE.
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42
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Gates AT, Lowry M, Fletcher KA, Murugeshu A, Rusin O, Robinson JW, Strongin RM, Warner IM. Capillary electrophoretic screening for the inhibition of homocysteine thiolactone-induced protein oligomerization. Anal Chem 2007; 79:8249-56. [PMID: 17902632 PMCID: PMC2662357 DOI: 10.1021/ac0706731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the first demonstration of rapid electrophoretic monitoring of homocysteine thiolactone-induced protein oligomerization (HTPO), a unique type of post-translational protein modification that may have clinical significance as an indicator of cardiovascular and neurovascular diseases. HTPO of the model protein bovine cytochrome c was initiated in vitro. The relative monomer and aggregate levels of the resultant protein mixtures were determined following separation using capillaries coated with the cationic polymer, poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride). UV detection provided adequate sensitivity for the monitoring of higher order species, which exist at relatively low concentrations in the protein reaction mixture as compared to the monomeric species. Separations performed under standard injection conditions were optimized on the basis of applied voltage and sample denaturation conditions. Separations performed using short-end injection allowed for more rapid analyses, typically in less than 70 s. Relative errors for run-to-run migration times were less than 0.5%. This novel oligomeric system provides a rapid and straightforward in vitro method to screen therapeutic agents for their ability to inhibit HTPO. Changes in peak area for monomer and aggregate species were used to assess HTPO inhibition as a function of pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP) concentration. PLP was shown to effectively inhibit HTPO in vitro. Rapid analysis times of approximately 1.5 min were achieved for inhibition screening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert M. Strongin
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ; . Tel: (225) 578-3971
| | - Isiah M. Warner
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ; . Tel: (225) 578-3971
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43
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Faure K, Delaunay N, Alloncle G, Cotte S, Rocca JL. Optimization of in-situ monolithic synthesis for immunopreconcentration in capillary. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1149:145-50. [PMID: 17403523 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2006] [Revised: 03/01/2007] [Accepted: 03/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monoliths have been synthetized in fused-silica capillary. The monomer mixture composition, initiation mode and porogen composition were optimized in order to provide a monolith with an homogeneous morphology and able to generate an electroosmotic flow via the incorporation of a small percentage of monomers possessing sulfonate group. Anti-ochratoxin A antibodies were immobilized through a single step on the epoxy groups leading to a miniaturized immunoextraction column. In order to evaluate the specificity of the analyte-antigen interaction on this immunosorbent, the retention of ochratoxin A was examined on this support but also on two complementary sorbents: one constituted by the non-bonded monolith and another one bonded with non-specific antibodies. Only the monolith bonded with anti-ochratoxin A antibodies lead to retention, showing the specificity of the interactions involved. This affinity phase based on a monolithic polymer support exhibits a high potential for specific preconcentration of small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Faure
- Laboratoire des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5180 CNRS-Université Lyon 1, Bât CPE, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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44
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Mayboroda OA, Neusüss C, Pelzing M, Zurek G, Derks R, Meulenbelt I, Kloppenburg M, Slagboom EP, Deelder AM. Amino acid profiling in urine by capillary zone electrophoresis - mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1159:149-53. [PMID: 17540385 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2006] [Revised: 04/06/2007] [Accepted: 04/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of amino acid profiles in urine and plasma is an essential part of modern clinical diagnostic routine. Here we present an approach for the analysis of amino acids in urine by capillary electrophoresis/time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry. At first a method combining improved separation, high dynamic range, and high sensitivity is presented. Detection limits in the mid nM-range are achieved through the use of pH-mediated stacking injection in combination with modern TOF detection technology. The method can be easily applied to detect differences in the amino acid profile in urine in a clinical context. Moreover, beside amino acids low molecular weight amines, peptides and related metabolites can be profiled. As a proof of concept, urine samples from patients suffering from osteoarthritis have been analyzed. Finally, the introduction of multivariate data analysis in the work flow was evaluated on spiked urine samples and real clinical material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg A Mayboroda
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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45
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Vrouwe EX, Luttge R, Vermes I, van den Berg A. Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis for Point-of-Care Analysis of Lithium. Clin Chem 2007; 53:117-23. [PMID: 17130177 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2007.073726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Microchip capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a promising method for chemical analysis of complex samples such as whole blood. We evaluated the method for point-of-care testing of lithium.
Methods: Chemical separation was performed on standard glass microchip CE devices with a conductivity detector as described in previous work. Here we demonstrate a new sample-to-chip interface. Initially, we took a glass capillary as a sample collector for whole blood from a finger stick. In addition, we designed a novel disposable sample collector and tested it against the clinical standard at the hospital (Medisch Spectrum Twente). Both types of collectors require <10 μL of test fluid. The collectors contain an integrated filter membrane, which prevents the transfer of blood cells into the microchip. The combination of such a sample collector with microchip CE allows point-of-care measurements without the need for off-chip sample treatment. This new on-chip protocol was verified against routine lithium testing of 5 patients in the hospital.
Results: Sodium, lithium, magnesium, and calcium were separated in <20 s. The detection limit for lithium was 0.15 mmol/L.
Conclusions: The new microchip CE system provides a convenient and rapid method for point-of-care testing of electrolytes in serum and whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elwin X Vrouwe
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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